Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour

Sir Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour (c. 1560 – 7 November 1639) was the eldest son of Sir Matthew Arundell of Wardour Castle

Wardour Castle

Wardour Castle is located at Wardour, near Tisbury in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Salisbury. The original castle was partially destroyed during the Civil War...

in Wiltshire

Wiltshire

Wiltshire is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers...

(c.1532-34 - 24 December 1598), and Margaret Willoughby, the daughter of Sir Henry Willoughby, of Wollaton

Wollaton

Wollaton is an area in the western part of Nottingham, England. It is home to Wollaton Hall with its museum, deer park, lake, walks and golf course...

, Nottinghamshire

Nottinghamshire

Nottinghamshire is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west...

. He distinguished himself in battle against the Ottoman Turks

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

in the service of the Emperor Rudolf II, and was created a Count of the Holy Roman Empire. His assumption of the title displeased Queen Elizabeth

Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...

, who refused to recognize it, and imprisoned him in the Fleet

Fleet Prison

Fleet Prison was a notorious London prison by the side of the Fleet River in London. The prison was built in 1197 and was in use until 1844. It was demolished in 1846.- History :...

. In 1605 Arundell was created 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour

Baron Arundell of Wardour

Baron Arundell of Wardour, in the County of Wiltshire, was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1605 for Thomas Arundell, known as "Thomas the Valiant". He was the grandson of Sir Thomas Arundell and Margaret Howard, sister of Queen Catherine Howard. Arundell had already been...

. In the same year he was briefly suspected of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot

Gunpowder Plot

The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.The plan was to blow up the House of...

Life

Sir Thomas Arundell (c. 1560 – 7 November 1639) was the eldest son of Sir Matthew Arundell of Wardour Castle

Wardour Castle

Wardour Castle is located at Wardour, near Tisbury in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Salisbury. The original castle was partially destroyed during the Civil War...

in Wiltshire

Wiltshire

(c.1532-34 - 24 December 1598), a member of the ancient family of Arundell

Arundell

The Arundell family were a very old Norman family settled in Cornwall and dating back to about the middle of the thirteenth century.*Baron Arundell of Trerice*Baron Arundell of Wardour*Arundell family of Lanherne,...

of Cornwall

Cornwall

Cornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of...

, and Margaret Willoughby, the daughter of Sir Henry Willoughby, of Wollaton

Wollaton

Wollaton is an area in the western part of Nottingham, England. It is home to Wollaton Hall with its museum, deer park, lake, walks and golf course...

, Nottinghamshire

Nottinghamshire

Nottinghamshire is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west...

. His father inherited extensive former monastic lands, and served in a number of administrative capacities, including high sheriff

High Sheriff

A high sheriff is, or was, a law enforcement officer in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.In England and Wales, the office is unpaid and partly ceremonial, appointed by the Crown through a warrant from the Privy Council. In Cornwall, the High Sheriff is appointed by the Duke of...

, custos rotulorum

Custos rotulorum

Custos rotulorum is the keeper of an English county's records and, by virtue of that office, the highest civil officer in the county...

, and Deputy Lieutenant of Dorset

Dorset

Dorset , is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974...

. In her youth his mother served for several years in the household of Princess Elizabeth

Elizabeth I of England

at Hatfield

Hatfield House

Hatfield House is a country house set in a large park, the Great Park, on the eastern side of the town of Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. The present Jacobean house was built in 1611 by Robert Cecil, First Earl of Salisbury and Chief Minister to King James I and has been the home of the Cecil...

. Arundell's paternal grandparents were Sir Thomas Arundell (executed on 26 February 1552) and Margaret Howard (ca. 1515 - 10 October 1571), sister of Queen Catherine Howard

Catherine Howard

Catherine Howard , also spelled Katherine, Katheryn or Kathryn, was the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, and sometimes known by his reference to her as his "rose without a thorn"....

.

In 1580 Arundell was imprisoned for his fervent Roman Catholicism. By licence dated 18 June 1585 he married Mary

Mary Arundell, Baroness Arundell

Mary Arundell was born in Wriothesley, Staffordshire, to Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton and Mary Browne...

(c.1567–1607), the daughter of Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton

Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton

Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton was an English noble.Henry was the only surviving son of the 1st Earl and his wife Jane Cheney. His godparents were Henry VIII, Princess Mary, Charles Brandon, and Henry FitzAlan.After his father's death, he lived with his mother, Jane...

, and Mary

Mary Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton

Mary Wriothesley , Countess of Southampton was born in Cowdray House, Midhurst, Sussex, England to Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu and Lady Jane Radcliffe. Mary was married three times first to Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton son of Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton and...

, the daughter of Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montague. Arundell's wife was the sister of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton

Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton

Henry Wriothesley , 3rd Earl of Southampton , was the second son of Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton, and his wife Mary Browne, Countess of Southampton, daughter of the 1st Viscount Montagu...

. Arundell was fond of Southampton as a youth, writing to Lord Burghley

William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley

William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley , KG was an English statesman, the chief advisor of Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign, twice Secretary of State and Lord High Treasurer from 1572...

when Southampton was 15 that 'Your Lordship doth love him', and that 'My [own] love and care of this young Earl enticeth me'.

Although a Roman Catholic throughout his life, Arundell demonstrated his loyalty to the Crown in 1588 by subscribing £100 towards the defeat of the Spanish Armada

Spanish Armada

This article refers to the Battle of Gravelines, for the modern navy of Spain, see Spanish NavyThe Spanish Armada was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England to stop English...

.

According to Akrigg, Arundell was 'gifted and scholarly', but by the time he had reached his 30s had failed to find any outlet for his talents and had 'sunk into a melancholic existence', living a 'studious solitary life' at the Wriothesley estates in Hampshire

Hampshire

Hampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force...

or in the family apartments at Southampton House in London. In 1595 Arundell's father agreed to provide him with horses and £1100 to leave England and serve in the Imperial forces against the Turks. The Queen allegedly recommended him to the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. On 7 September 1595 Arundell stormed the breach at Gran

Esztergom

Esztergom , is a city in northern Hungary, 46 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there....

, replacing the Turkish standard with the Imperial eagle

Reichsadler

The Reichsadler was the heraldic eagle, derived from the Roman eagle standard, used by the Holy Roman Emperors and in modern coats of arms of Germany, including those of the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany...

. In recognition of his service, Arundell was made a Count of the Holy Roman Empire on 14 December 1595, and became known as 'the Valiant'.

Against his father's wishes Arundell took his leave of the Imperial court in mid-December and returned to England. His ship was caught in a storm and wrecked near Aldeburgh

Aldeburgh

Aldeburgh is a coastal town in Suffolk, East Anglia, England. Located on the River Alde, the town is notable for its Blue Flag shingle beach and fisherman huts where freshly caught fish are sold daily, and the Aldeburgh Yacht Club...

on the Suffolk

Suffolk

Suffolk is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east...

coast. He lost all his belongings in the wreck, and counted himself fortunate to stand 'extreamely cold & wett upon the shore'. His assumption of a foreign title created jealousy among his fellow peers in England, and was resented by his father, who objected to his superior rank and disinherited him. The Queen was furious, and threatened to make him renounce the title. She committed Arundell to the Fleet

Fleet Prison

Fleet Prison was a notorious London prison by the side of the Fleet River in London. The prison was built in 1197 and was in use until 1844. It was demolished in 1846.- History :...

, remarking that ‘I would not have a sheep branded with another man's mark’. Arundell remained under arrest till mid-April 1597, when he was freed, but forbidden to appear at court. In the following months he made frequent appeals to the Queen, but was still denied her favour, and again fell prey to depression. In July his father grudgingly allowed Arundell to live with him at Wardour provided that he not bring his wife with him.

In 1597 Arundell was arrested on vague suspicions of Catholic espionage. The authorities searched his chamber but could prove nothing against him, and released him to his father's custody on the grounds of his wife's failing health. Arundell's father 'insisted on behaving as a jailer', and Arundell was eventually transferred elsewhere.

Arundell succeeded his father in December 1598. In 1601, his brother-in-law, Southampton, was on trial for his part in the Essex Rebellion of 8 February 1601. Attempting to distance himself from Southampton's misfortune, Arundell wrote a 'treacherous' letter on 18 February to Sir Robert Cecil, protesting that Southampton's 'ears were hardened against wholesome counsel, for which I thought good to estrange myself from him'.

In March 1605 Arundell and Southampton sent Captain George Weymouth

George Weymouth

George Weymouth was an English explorer of the area now occupied by the state of Maine. Ferdinando Gorges, who wanted to settle colonists in the area, sponsored an expedition under Weymouth, who sailed from England on March 5, 1605 on the ship Archangel and landed near Monhegan on May 17, 1605...

to found a colony in Virginia

Virginia

The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

. The colonists arrived back in England in mid-July. According to the account written by James Rosier

James Rosier

James Rosier , the son of a Church of England clergyman, became a Roman Catholic after graduating from Cambridge. He is known for his account of a 1605 expedition to Maine in which he describes the native peoples and fauna and a journey along an unidentified "great river" which has not been...

, these were the colonists 'we were to leave in the Country by their agreement with my Lord the Right Honourable Count Arundell'. According to Akrigg, Arundell figures much more prominently in Rosier's account than Southampton, leading Akrigg to conclude that 'the whole voyage may best be regarded as a first attempt to found an American colony that would be an asylum for English Catholics', and that Arundell, who in 1596 had planned a venture to the East Indies, was the principal impetus behind the Weymouth voyage.

On 4 May 1605 King James I

James I of England

James VI and I was King of Scots as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the English and Scottish crowns on 24 March 1603...

created him Baron Arundell of Wardour

Baron Arundell of Wardour

. Appointed by the new King as colonel of the English regiment serving the Archduke

Archduke

The title of Archduke denotes a noble rank above Duke and below King, used only by princes of the Houses of Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine....

in Spanish Flanders

Flanders

Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...

, Arundell made an unauthorized crossing to the continent in September 1605, disobeying royal orders and incurring the King's anger. A few months later he was named by Guy Fawkes

Guy Fawkes

Guy Fawkes , also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low Countries, belonged to a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.Fawkes was born and educated in York...

under torture, and briefly suspected of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot

Gunpowder Plot

.

In 1607 Arundell's eldest son and heir, Thomas

Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour

Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour was an English nobleman son of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour and Lady Mary Wriothesley....

, married Blanche Somerset

Lady Blanche Arundell

Lady Blanche Arundell was born to Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester and Lady Elizabeth Hastings....

, the daughter of the Earl of Worcester

Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester

Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester, KG, Earl Marshal was an English aristocrat. He was an important advisor to King James I, serving as Lord Privy Seal....

, without Arundell's consent, resulting in an estrangement between father and son. Arundell's first wife, Mary, died a few weeks after the marriage. On 1 July 1608 Arundell remarried. His second wife was Anne Philipson, the daughter of Miles Philipson, of Crook

Crook, Cumbria

Crook is a village and civil parish in the South Lakeland District of the English county of Cumbria, located on the B5284 road between Kendal and Windermere. In the 2001 census the population was 340....

, Westmorland

Westmorland

Westmorland is an area of North West England and one of the 39 historic counties of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974, after which the entirety of the county was absorbed into the new county of Cumbria.-Early history:...

, and Barbara Sandys, sister of Francis Sandys, of Conishead

Conishead Priory

Conishead Priory is a large Gothic Revival building on the Furness peninsula near Ulverston in Cumbria. The priory's name translates literally as 'King's Hill Priory'.-History of the site:...

, Lancashire

Lancashire

Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...

. She died on 28 June 1637 at Lennox House in London, and was buried on 4 July 1637 at Tisbury

Tisbury, Wiltshire

The large village of Tisbury lies approximately west of Salisbury in the English county of Wiltshire.With a population at the 2001 census of 2,056 it is an important local centre for communities around the upper River Nadder and Vale of Wardour...

, Wiltshire.

During the 1630s Arundell engaged in 'acrimonious religious disputes' with the Bishop of Durham

Thomas Morton (bishop)

Thomas Morton was an English churchman, bishop of several dioceses.-Early life:Morton was born in York on 20 March 1564. He was brought up and grammar school educated in the city and nearby Halifax. In 1582 he became a pensioner at St John's College, Cambridge from which he graduated with a BA in...

, and in 1637 attempted to sell Wardour Castle to the King. He died at Wardour on 7 November 1639, and was buried at Tisbury.

Issue

By his first marriage to Mary Wriothesley he had issue:

Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour
Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour
Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour was an English nobleman son of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour and Lady Mary Wriothesley....

(c. 1586–19 May 1643), who succeeded him
William Arundell
Elizabeth Mary Arundell (wife of Sir John Philpot)

By his second marriage to Anne Philipson he had three sons, Matthew, Thomas and Frederick, and six daughters: Katherine (wife of Ralph Eure), Mary, Anne

Anne Arundell

Anne Calvert, Baroness Baltimore was an English noblewoman, daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour by second wife Anne Philipson, and wife of Lord Baltimore, who founded the Province of Maryland colony. Anne Arundel County in Maryland, USA, was named for her...

, Frances (wife of John Talbot, 10th Earl of Shrewsbury

John Talbot, 10th Earl of Shrewsbury

John Talbot, 10th Earl of Shrewsbury, 10th Earl of Waterford was an English nobleman.He was the only child and son of John Talbot of Longford, Market Drayton, Shropshire John Talbot, 10th Earl of Shrewsbury, 10th Earl of Waterford (1601 - 8 February 1654) was an English nobleman.He was the only...

), Margaret (wife of John Fortescue), and Clare (wife of Humphrey Weld).

Arundell's daughter Anne

Anne Arundell

(1615 or c. 1616–23 July 1649) married Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore

Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore

Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, 1st Proprietor and 1st Proprietary Governor of Maryland, 9th Proprietary Governor of Newfoundland , was an English peer who was the first proprietor of the Province of Maryland. He received the proprietorship after the death of his father, George Calvert, the...

. Anne Arundel County, Maryland

Anne Arundel County, Maryland

Anne Arundel County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is named for Anne Arundell , a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall, England and the wife of Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state...

is named after her.

External links

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of the Holy Roman Empire

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