Ternopil Oblast
Encyclopedia
Ternopil Oblast' is an oblast'
Administrative divisions of Ukraine
Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts , one autonomous republic, and two "cities with special status".- Overview :...

 (province) of Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

. Its administrative center is Ternopil
Ternopil
Ternopil , is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical region of Galicia...

, through which flows the Seret River
Seret River
The Seret is a minor river in Ukraine, a tributary of the Tysmenytsia River. The Seret flows through the center of Drohobych, a city located in Lviv Oblast in the west of Ukraine....

, a tributary of the Dnister.

Geography

The area of the oblast is 13,800 km². The Dnister forms the southern border with the Chernivtsi Oblast
Chernivtsi Oblast
Chernivtsi Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine, bordering on Romania and Moldova. It has a large variety of landforms: the Carpathian Mountains and picturesque hills at the foot of the mountains gradually change to a broad partly forested plain situated between the Dniester and Prut rivers....

. Some of its tributaries flowing through the oblast are the Zbruch
Zbruch River
Zbruch River is a river in Western Ukraine, a left tributary of the Dniester.It flows within the Podolia Upland starting from the Avratinian Upland. Zbruch is the namesake of the Zbruch idol, a sculpture of a Slavic deity in the form of a column with a head with four faces, discovered in 1848 by...

, the Seret
Seret River
The Seret is a minor river in Ukraine, a tributary of the Tysmenytsia River. The Seret flows through the center of Drohobych, a city located in Lviv Oblast in the west of Ukraine....

 and the Strypa Rivers. The Seret River
Seret River
The Seret is a minor river in Ukraine, a tributary of the Tysmenytsia River. The Seret flows through the center of Drohobych, a city located in Lviv Oblast in the west of Ukraine....

, not to be confused with the Siret River
Siret River
The Siret or Sireth is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of Ukraine, and flows southward into Romania for 470 km before it joins the Danube...

 nor the smaller Seret in Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939...

, is a left tributary of the Dnister flowing through the oblast capital, i.e. Ternopil
Ternopil
Ternopil , is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical region of Galicia...

.

History

Before World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

, most of the current Ternopil oblast was part of Austro-Hungarian
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

 province Galicia
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria was a crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, and Austria–Hungary from 1772 to 1918 .This historical region in eastern Central Europe is currently divided between Poland and Ukraine...

. Only the northern-most section was within the borders of Russia
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

. From 1918 until World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, the area formed the Tarnopol Voivodeship
Tarnopol Voivodeship
Tarnopol Voivodeship was an administrative region of interwar Poland with an area of 16,500 km², 17 counties, and capital in Tarnopol...

 in the newly independent country of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

. As was common throughout the western Ukraine, the non-Ukrainian population was concentrated in the cities. Before World War II, the population of Ternopil was 40% Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

, 20% Ukrainian
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

, and 40% Jewish. The oblast is sometimes associated with the Ukrainian nationalist movement, as during the Polish-Ukrainian War
Polish-Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 was a conflict between the forces of the Second Polish Republic and West Ukrainian People's Republic for the control over Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.-Background:...

, Ukrainian nationalist forces launched the Chortkiv offensive
Chortkiv offensive
The Chortkiv offensive , sometimes also referred to as the June Offensive, was a surprise military operation by the Ukrainian Galician Army in the Polish-Ukrainian War for Eastern Galicia....

 to stop Polish attempts to topple the newly established West Ukrainian People's Republic. Later the local ethnically Ukrainian population was loyal to the revolutionary UPA.

During the Second World War, Ternopil was the object of conflict between Soviet and German forces because its importance as a rail transportation hub. After the war, a destroyed residential section of Ternopil, near the river, was turned into an artificial lake rather than being rebuilt. Additionally, upon annexation to the Soviet Union's Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...

, most ethnic Poles in the region were forcibly relocated to Poland, whose national borders had shifted far to the west. The area of the former Polish voivoideship was expanded by adding territory in the north, though the western-most parts were transferred to the Lviv oblast
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939...

. After 1945 Soviet authorities also encouraged ethnic Russians to settle in territories newly annexed to the Soviet Union, including the Ternopil oblast, though western Ukraine remained considerably less Russian than eastern Ukraine. As Ukraine achieved independence in the 1990s, western Ukraine remained the heartland of Ukrainian political and cultural nationalism, and the political affiliations of Ternopil voters reflected that viewpoint. In the first elections after independence, the People's Movement of Ukraine
People's Movement of Ukraine
The People's Movement of Ukraine is a Ukrainian center-right political party...

 was the leading party in the oblast. A majority of oblast voters supported the Ukrainian nationalist-oriented Electoral Bloc Yuliya Tymoshenko in the Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
Ukrainian parliamentary election of 2002 took place on March 31. Half of the deputies to Verkhovna Rada were elected on proportional basis, while the other half were elected by popular vote in single-mandate constituencies...

. Over 88% of voters supported Yulia Tymoshenko
Yulia Tymoshenko
Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko , née Grigyan , born 27 November 1960, is a Ukrainian politician. She was the Prime Minister of Ukraine from 24 January to 8 September 2005, and again from 18 December 2007 to 4 March 2010. She placed third in Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful...

 of the All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" in the Ukrainian presidential election, 2010
Ukrainian presidential election, 2010
The Ukrainian presidential election of 2010 is Ukraine's fifth presidential election since declaring independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The first round was held on January 17, 2010...

.

By 2005, the population of the oblast had grown to roughly 225,000, consisting primarily of ethnic Ukrainians with a large Russian or Russian-speaking
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...

 minority. The religion of the majority is Eastern Rite Catholic
Eastern Rite Catholic Churches
The Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous, self-governing particular churches in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. Together with the Latin Church, they compose the worldwide Catholic Church...

 (Uniate), though there is a notable Orthodox presence and a small Protestant minority. Many churches which were closed or destroyed under Soviet rule have rebuilt since independence. The local Jewish community, which was very large before 1939, was not reestablished after 1945. There are no active synagogues in the oblast and only a few isolated individuals affiliating with the Jewish faith. The city of Ternopil has important institutions of higher education, including two teacher's colleges, an international medical school with instruction in English, and one of three economics institutes in Ukraine.

Points of interest

The following historic-cultural sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine
Seven Wonders of Ukraine
The Seven Wonders of Ukraine are the seven historical and cultural monuments of Ukraine, which were chosen in the Seven Wonders of Ukraine contest held in July, 2007...

.
  • Verteb cavern
  • Bohyt
  • The ruins of Czerwonogród
    Czerwonogród
    Chervonohorod or Chervone or "Red Town" is a former town in Zalischyky Raion, Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine, that was part of the municipal district of Nyrkiv and the Dzhurin River, with its 16-meter-high waterfall, the highest in the country...

  • Pochaiv Lavra
  • Zavarnytsia spiritual center
  • Vyshnevets Palace
  • Camp UPA

  • Dzhuryn Waterfall
  • Ternopil Castle
    Ternopil Castle
    The Tarnopol Castle originated as the residence of Jan Amor Tarnowski in 1540. Construction works on the marshy bank of the Seret River were authorized by King Sigismund the Old. The castle was encircled by a wooden fence and a deep moat...

  • Berezhany Castle
    Berezhany Castle
    The Berezhany Castle round which the modern town of Berezhany has sprung up, was built on an island in the Zolota Lypa River in the 1530s and 1540s by Mikołaj Sieniawski as the main residence of the Sieniawski magnate family....


Economy

Although the city continues to grow rapidly, heavily supported by remittances from workers abroad, many abandoned buildings in rural areas of the oblast and even in the city give mute evidence that the economy is uneven.

Subdivisions

The Ternopil Oblast is administratively subdivided into 17 raions (district
District
Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipalities, or subdivisions of municipalities.-Austria:...

s), as well as 1 city (municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...

) which is directly subordinate to the oblast government: Ternopil
Ternopil
Ternopil , is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical region of Galicia...

, the administrative center of the oblast.

style="background:#ddd; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left; font-size:111%; font-weight:bold; padding:.5em 0;" | Raions of the Ternopil Oblast
In English In Ukrainian Administrative Center
| Berezhanskyi Raion
Berezhanskyi Raion
Berezhany Raion is a raion in the westernmost corner of Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine, area traditionally known as Halychyna . The administrative center is the city of Berezhany. Some 50 km away from Ternopil and ca 80 km away from Lviv. The river Zolota Lypa, Dniester tributary...

Бережанський район
Berezhans'kyi raion
Berezhany
Berezhany
Berezhany is a city located in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Berezhanskyi Raion , and rests about 100 km from Lviv and 50 km from the oblast capital, Ternopil. The city has a population of about 20,000, and is about 400 m above sea level...

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Borshchivskyi Raion Борщівський район
Borshchivs'kyi raion
Borshchiv 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Buchach Raion
Buchach Raion
Buchach Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Buchach. It has a population of 65 078.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Бучацький район
Buchats'kyi raion
Buchach
Buchach
Buchach is a small city located on the Strypa River in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine...

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Chortkiv Raion
Chortkiv Raion
Chortkiv Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Chortkiv. It has a population of 80 861.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Чортківський район
Chortkivs'kyi raion
Chortkiv
Chortkiv
Chortkiv is a city in the Ternopil oblast in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chortkiv Raion . Population: 29,057...

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Husiatyn Raion
Husiatyn Raion
Husiatyn Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Husiatyn. It has a population of 66 803.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Гусятинський район
Husiatyns'kyi raion
Husiatyn
Husiatyn
Husiatyn is a town in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. Alternate spellings include Gusyatin, Husyatin, and Hsiatyn. Husiatyn is the administrative center of the Husiatyn Raion , and is located on the west bank of the Zbruch River...

 
(Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...

)
| Kozivskyi Raion
Kozivskyi Raion
Kozova Raion is district in Ternopilska oblast of western Ukraine. The adiministrative center is the town of Kozova. Its area is 694 km².-Population:...

Козівський район
Kozivs'kyi raion
Kozova
Kozova
Kozova is a small town in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine, in the area historically known as Galicia, east of Berezhany, some west of Ternopil and ca. southeast of Lviv. The town is situated beside a lake on the Koropets River...

 
(Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...

)
| Kremenetskyi Raion
Kremenetskyi Raion
Kremenets Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Kremenets....

Кременецький район
Kremenets'kyi raion
Kremenets
Kremenets
Kremenets is a city in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kremenets Raion , and rests 18 km north-east of the great Pochayiv Monastery...

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Lanivtsi Raion
Lanivtsi Raion
Lanivtsi Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Lanivtsi. It has a population of 33 294.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Лановецький район
Lanovets'kyi raion
Lanivtsi
Lanivtsi
LanivtsiAlternate names: Lanovtsy [Ukr], ], Lanovtse, Lanavtse, Lanivtsy Region: Volhynia or Lanowce is a city in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It is administrative center of the Lanivtsi Raion. Population is 8,680 ....

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Monastyryska Raion
Monastyryska Raion
Monastyryska Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Monastyryska. It has a population of 34 537.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Монастириський район
Monastyrys'kyi raion
Monastyryska
Monastyryska
Monastyryska is a city in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It is administrative center of the Monastyryska Raion. Population is 6,344 .The city is situated on the river Koropets, from Buchach, south east from Lviv, on the road between Berezhany and Ivano-Frankivsk...

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Pidhaietskyi Raion
Pidhaietskyi Raion
Pidhaitsi Raion is a district in the western part of Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is part of the historic area known as Halychyna . The administrative center is the city of Pidhaitsi. The Koropets river flows through the district. This raion was formed as a separate district on December 6,...

Підгаєцький район
Pidhayets'kyi raion
Pidhaitsi
Pidhaitsi
Pidhaitsi is a small city in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Pidhaitsi Raion , and is located at around . Pidhaitsi is situated ca. 15.5 mi south of Berezhany, 43.5 mi from Ternopil and ca. 62 mi south-east of Lviv. In 1939...

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Pidvolochysk Raion
Pidvolochysk Raion
Pidvolochysk Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Pidvolochysk. It has a population of 46 309.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Підволочиський район
Pidvolochys'kyi raion
Pidvolochysk 
(Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...

)
| Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Shumsk. It has a population of 36 511.-External links:*...

Шумський район
Shums'kyi raion
Shumsk
Shumsk
Shumsk is a city in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It is administrative center of the Shumsk Raion. Population is 5,161 ....

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Terebovlya Raion
Terebovlya Raion
Terebovlya Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Terebovlya. It has a population of 70 900.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Теребовлянський район
Terebovl'ans'kyi raion
Terebovlya 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Ternopil Raion
Ternopil Raion
Ternopil Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Ternopil. It has a population of 60 810.-External links:*...

Тернопільський район
Ternopils'kyi raion
Ternopil
Ternopil
Ternopil , is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical region of Galicia...

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Zalishchytskyi Raion
Zalishchytskyi Raion
The Zalischyky Raion is a sub-division of the Ternopil Oblast. The administrative centre and largest town is Zalischyky. The rest of the district's population lives in one of 35 village councils or 53 rural settlements.- Demographics :...

Заліщицький район
Zalishchyts'kyi raion
Zalishchyky 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Zbarazkyi Raion
Zbarazkyi Raion
Zbarazh Raion is a subdivision known as a raion in the Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Zbarazh.-Demographics:*Population: 60,300 **In 1989 the population was 63,600 - a decline of 5%)...

Збаразький район
Zbaraz'kyi raion
Zbarazh
Zbarazh
Zbarazh is a city in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zbarazh Raion , and is located in the historic region of Galicia....

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)
| Zboriv Raion
Zboriv Raion
Zboriv Raion is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Zboriv. It has a population of 47 040.-See also:* Subdivisions of Ukraine* Ternopil Oblast...

Зборівський район
Zborivs'kyi raion
Zboriv
Zboriv
Zboriv is a small town in Ternopil Oblast, west Ukraine. It is located in the historical region of Galicia. The population is 7,400 . It is administrative center of the Zboriv Raion....

 
(City
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...

)

External links

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