Taiwanese pop
Encyclopedia
Taiwanese pop is a popular music
Popular music
Popular music belongs to any of a number of musical genres "having wide appeal" and is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional music, which are typically disseminated academically or orally to smaller, local...

 genre sung in the Taiwanese language (Hokkien
Hokkien
Hokkien is a Hokkien word corresponding to Standard Chinese "Fujian". It may refer to:* Hokkien dialect, a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken in Southern Fujian , Taiwan, South-east Asia, and elsewhere....

). It is referred to as Tai-pop
Tai-pop
Tai-pop may mean or refer to:*Tai-pop, an abbreviation for Tai Lüe popular music.*Tai-pop, an abbreviation for Taiwanese pop music in Taiwan.*Tai-pop, a slang for mandopop music in Taiwan, but not an actual abbreviation....

 and known in South- setback during the years of Martial Law in Taiwan. Upon the lifting of Martial Law in Taiwan, multiple artists began to produce Taiwanese song tracks and entire albums in Taiwanese.

Terminology

Cantonese, Mandarin and Taiwanese are derived from the same Sino-Tibetan languages
Sino-Tibetan languages
The Sino-Tibetan languages are a language family comprising, at least, the Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages, including some 250 languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. They are second only to the Indo-European languages in terms of the number of native speakers...

 family. The historical origin of Taiwanese pop comes from a Japanese
Music of Japan
The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern. The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 , combining the kanji 音 with the kanji 楽...

 enka
Enka
is a popular Japanese music genre considered to resemble traditional Japanese music stylistically. Modern enka, however, is a relatively recent musical form which arose in the context of such postwar expressions of modern Japanese nonmaterial nationalism as nihonjinron, while adopting a more...

 base instead of a Chinese
Music of China
Chinese Music has been made since the dawn of Chinese civilization with documents and artifacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as the Zhou Dynasty...

 shidaiqu
Shidaiqu
Shidaiqu is a type of Chinese folk/European jazz fusion music that originated in Shanghai, China, in the 1920s.-Terminology:The term literally means "songs of the era" in Mandarin...

 base. Music of this category are sometimes called "Aboriginal Taiwanese pop" to distinguish it from Mandarin pop music in Taiwan. Also, because it developing from traditional Japanese enka, it is become complicated with its varieties.

Origin

While Taiwanese music has existed before the Japanese occupation of Taiwan
Taiwan under Japanese rule
Between 1895 and 1945, Taiwan was a dependency of the Empire of Japan. The expansion into Taiwan was a part of Imperial Japan's general policy of southward expansion during the late 19th century....

, the "father of Taiwanese pop" or "New Music" is considered to be Chang Fu-hsing in the 1930s.

1950s: Political interference

After the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...

 relocated from mainland China to Taiwan, the phase of White Terror
White Terror
White Terror is the violence carried out by reactionary groups as part of a counter-revolution. In particular, during the 20th century, in several countries the term White Terror was applied to acts of violence against real or suspected socialists and communists.-Historical origin: the French...

 would begin. The process started in 1949 with the proposal of a martial law
Martial law
Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis— only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively , when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law...

. All facets of Taiwanese culture that were not of Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...

 origin #Politics|See here]]. As a result, native Taiwanese pop music was no longer in development.

1960s: Censorship

In the 1960s, Taiwan Television
Taiwan Television
Taiwan Television Enterprise, Ltd. , commonly known as TTV is launched), is the first television broadcast station in Taiwan...

 station for example could air no more than 2 Taiwanese pop songs a day.

1980s: Lifting of martial law

The Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...

 would lift martial law in 1987 and allow native Taiwanese culture to reintegrate into society. When Taiwanese music was no longer restricted, the gap between old enka-style Taiwanese pop and modern 1980s mandopop songs was tremendous. Because of this, Taiwanese pop was thought of as music for the older generations. This is unusual since popular music is almost globally associated with youth.

Taiwanese culture has often been overshadowed by Mandarin main-stream culture confusing outsiders with the stereotype that "Taiwanese" is "Mandarin". As far as music sales online Taiwanese pop is often clumped with "Mandarin" music and often mislabeled as such confusing many Chinese and Taiwanese Americans, and those who can't read Chinese.

Blacklist Studio
Blacklist Studio
Blacklist Studio was a group of Taiwanese musicians who came together and released a ground-breaking album in 1989 called Songs of Madness . Reportedly five years in the making, this work came out at a critical juncture in Taiwan's history, two years after the lifting of the decades-long martial...

 would release the first native Taiwanese album in a mandopop-dominant market in 1989.

One famous male singer from the 1980s is Long-Hong Hong (洪榮宏) who is famous for his Taiwanese "One Umbrella" song (一支小雨伞) and also produces Taiwanese Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

 song albums too. Another famous male singer from the 1990s is Chen Lei, who
Jody Chiang
Jody Chiang
Jody Chiang or Jiang Hui , born as Jiang Shuhui , is a Taiwanese popular singer. She is often called the Queen of Taiwanese music. She began recording in the 1980s and maintains an active career today. Her trademark ballads and folk songs are typically sung in Taiwanese...

 (江蕙) is Taiwan's most famous singer and is often referred to as the Queen of Taiwanese pop music. She has many albums and compilations that date from the 1980s to the present. She can be referred to as the Taiwanese equivalent of Teresa Teng (below).

Stella Chang (張清芳) has produced albums entirely in Mandarin and entirely Taiwanese. She made her debut singing Taiwan's ming-ge (National, ROC) songs and is a Mandarin pop singer, but branched out into contemporary Mandarin and Taiwanese songs to reflect her heritage.

Teresa Teng
Teresa Teng
Teresa Teng , was an immensely popular and influential Chinese pop singer from Taiwan. Teresa Teng's voice and songs are instantly recognized throughout East Asia and in areas with large Asian populations...

 (鄧麗君), although of mainland Chinese heritage, is also known to have songs in Taiwanese. Unfortunately, these songs have not made it to CDs like her Japanese, Mandarin, and Cantonese songs have. Although Teresa Teng is better known for her Mandarin albums, her songs were also influenced by Japanese Enka style and by older Taiwan ming-ge songs.

Chen Ying-Git
Chen Ying-Git
Chen Ying-Git , is a female singer of Taiwanese Hakka heritage. She has produced albums from the 1980s through the 1990s like another singer, Jody Chiang. One of her famous songs is 海海人生. She also sang a famous duet called 酒醉黑白話 with Taiwanese male singer 余天....

 (Chen Ying Jie) (陳盈潔), is a famous female singer of Taiwanese Hakka
Hakka people
The Hakka , sometimes Hakka Han, are Han Chinese who speak the Hakka language and have links to the provincial areas of Guangdong, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan and Fujian in China....

 heritage, who has also produced albums from the 1980s through the 1990s like Jody Chiang. One of her famous songs is 海海人生. She sings a famous duet called 酒醉黑白話 with Taiwanese male singer 余天 (he also sings in Mandarin as well).

Other famous Taiwanese singers include Zhang Xiu-Qing (Jhang Shiou Ching) (張秀卿) from Pingtung, Taiwan, who is famous in the early 1990s for her song "Che Zhan" (车站) (Train Station).

1990s: Re-Integrate

In 1990, Lin Qiang launched the first successful Taiwanese album under Rock Records
Rock Records
Rock Records is a Taiwanese record label founded in 1980 by Sam and Johnny Duan . The record label had their first multiseller in 1989 with Sarah Chen.It is now Asia's largest independent record label....

. It also broke away the tradition by having a new-ballad style instead of the old-enka
Enka
is a popular Japanese music genre considered to resemble traditional Japanese music stylistically. Modern enka, however, is a relatively recent musical form which arose in the context of such postwar expressions of modern Japanese nonmaterial nationalism as nihonjinron, while adopting a more...

 style.

In 1993, Taiwan's government opened up the broadcasting of TV or radio programs to languages other than Mandarin. Chang Yu-Sheng
Chang Yu-sheng
Chang Yu-sheng was a Taiwanese male pop singer, as well as a composer and producer. His major accomplishment as a producer may have been the pop singer A-mei. While driving fatigued on October 21, 1997, he was fatally injured in a car accident and fell into a coma...

 would also discover A-mei
A-Mei
A-Mei , also known by her birth name Chang Hui-mei , is an aboriginal Taiwanese pop singer and occasional songwriter. She is also known by her aboriginal name Gulilai Amit . She was born in the rugged mountains of eastern Taiwan and is the third youngest of nine siblings. A-mei made her debut in...

 (Note: A-mei has Taiwanese aboriginal heritage, but her music is predominantly Mandarin and is actually classified as Mandarin pop, not Taiwanese pop).

In the mid 1990s, Taiwan became one of the largest music industry in Asia. The country was the second largest music industry in Asia, in 1998 and 1999, after Japan, before falling into the fourth rank, in 2002, due to piracy. The piracy which hitting domestic singers has caused domestic repertoire as a proportion of the market, fall to 50%, in 2001, from an all-time high of around 70%, in the 1990s. Sales of recorded music in Taiwan was peaked in 1997, when sales reached US$442.3 million, but by 2008, the revenue was declined sharply to US$51 million, with piracy and illegal downloads to blame. Foreign repertoire began to dominate Taiwanese music over local repertoire for the first time in the mid 2000s, as did in Hong Kong and Mainland China.

2000s

Recently, native Taiwanese pop have been re-integrating into c-pop. A-mei
A-Mei
A-Mei , also known by her birth name Chang Hui-mei , is an aboriginal Taiwanese pop singer and occasional songwriter. She is also known by her aboriginal name Gulilai Amit . She was born in the rugged mountains of eastern Taiwan and is the third youngest of nine siblings. A-mei made her debut in...

 would be labeled an Asian hero worldwide for promoting cross-trait pop music representing aboriginal Taiwanese pop with Mandopop success. Her popularity however was criticized by the Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...

 for promoting any sort of Taiwan independence
Taiwan independence
Taiwan independence is a political movement whose goals are primarily to formally establish the Republic of Taiwan by renaming or replacing the Republic of China , form a Taiwanese national identity, reject unification and One country, two systems with the People's Republic of China and a Chinese...

.

The most popular Taiwanese female singer to date is Jody Chiang
Jody Chiang
Jody Chiang or Jiang Hui , born as Jiang Shuhui , is a Taiwanese popular singer. She is often called the Queen of Taiwanese music. She began recording in the 1980s and maintains an active career today. Her trademark ballads and folk songs are typically sung in Taiwanese...

 (江蕙) from Chiayi
Chiayi
-Administration:-City attractions:*Chiayi Park*Sun Shooting Tower *Lantan *Historic Archives Building of Chiayi City*University of Chiayi*Chiayi Museum...

, Taiwan, who has numerous Taiwanese albums dating from the early 1980s. She is the equivalent of Teresa Teng, except for Taiwanese music. Another famous singer in Taiwan also known for her ballads is Chen Ying-Git (陳盈潔).

Current Taiwanese pop music is becoming more influenced by Mandarin pop and include a wide variety of styles including rock, hip-hop, rap etc. Artists such as Wu Bai
Wu Bai
Wu Bai on 14 January 1968) is a Taiwanese rock singer and songwriter. He formed the band Wu Bai & China Blue with Dean "Dino" Zavolta on drums, Yu Ta-hao on keyboards, Chu Chien-hui on bass guitar and Wu Bai himself on lead guitar and lead vocals...

, Phil Chang
Phil Chang
Phil Chang is a male Taiwanese singer-songwriter.By the time he graduated from Feng Chia University in Financial Services, he was already known as an accomplished folk singer, pianist and guitar-player. He issued his first album, Walking the Wind, in 1992, and achieved success with his second,...

, Jolin Tsai
Jolin Tsai
Jolin Tsai was born on 15 September 1980. She is a Taiwanese Golden Melody Award-winning Mandopop singer, dancer and actor. She is managed by Mars Entertainment Ltd .-Career:...

, Eric Moo
Eric Moo
Eric Moo Kai-yin is a Malaysian Chinese award-winning singer-songwriter and record producer.-Biography:Moo's mother died when he was 8 and he was raised by his older sister. He was educated at Seh Chuan High School and The Chinese High School in Singapore. He became a permanent resident of...

, Show Luo
Show Luo
Show Luo also known as Xiao Zhu was born on 30 July 1979. He is a Taiwanese entertainer: Mandopop singer, dancer, host and actor. He has been dubbed "Dancing King of Asia" for his dancing skills.-Biography:...

 Mayday and Jay Chou
Jay Chou
Jay Chou is a Taiwanese musician, singer-songwriter, music and film producer, actor and director who has won the World Music Award four times. In 1998 he was discovered in a talent contest where he displayed his piano and song-writing skills. Over the next two years, he was hired to compose for...

 are known to have Taiwanese songs in their albums. Recently, Taiwanese black metal
Black metal
Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include fast tempos, shrieked vocals, highly distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, blast beat drumming, raw recording, and unconventional song structure....

 band Chthonic
Chthonic (band)
Chthonic is a Taiwanese metal band, formed in 1995 in Taipei. The group incorporates influences from traditional Taiwanese music including the classical Asian instrument erhu...

 has risen to international prominence due to their nationalistic, anti-Chinese music.

Certification levels

In August 1996, IFPI Taiwan (now Recording Industry Foundation in Taiwan) introduced gold and platinum awards for music recordings in Taiwan, along with the IFPI Taiwan Chart, which was suspended in September 1999.

The sales requirements for music recordings of domestic, international repertoire and singles differ. In Taiwan, sales of domestic repertoire are higher than international repertoire and singles. Note that music recording certificate in Taiwan is awarded based on shipments.
Albums (unit sales required)
Certification Before March 2002 Before January 2006 Before November 2007 Before January 2009 Since 1 January 2009
Gold 100,000 50,000 35,000 20,000 15,000
Platinum 200,000 100,000 70,000 40,000 30,000

Singles (unit sales required)
Certification Since 1 January 2009)
Gold 5,000
Platinum 10,000

Artists

  • Wu Bai
    Wu Bai
    Wu Bai on 14 January 1968) is a Taiwanese rock singer and songwriter. He formed the band Wu Bai & China Blue with Dean "Dino" Zavolta on drums, Yu Ta-hao on keyboards, Chu Chien-hui on bass guitar and Wu Bai himself on lead guitar and lead vocals...

     (伍佰)
  • Jay Chou
    Jay Chou
    Jay Chou is a Taiwanese musician, singer-songwriter, music and film producer, actor and director who has won the World Music Award four times. In 1998 he was discovered in a talent contest where he displayed his piano and song-writing skills. Over the next two years, he was hired to compose for...

     (周杰倫)
  • Shih Wen-bin (施文彬)
  • S.H.E
    S.H.E
    S.H.E is a Taiwanese girl group whose members are Selina Jen, Hebe Tien, and Ella Chen. The name of the group is an alphabetism derived from the first letter of each member's name. Since releasing their first album Girls Dorm , S.H.E has recorded 12 albums with sales totalling over 15 million, and...

  • Show Luo
    Show Luo
    Show Luo also known as Xiao Zhu was born on 30 July 1979. He is a Taiwanese entertainer: Mandopop singer, dancer, host and actor. He has been dubbed "Dancing King of Asia" for his dancing skills.-Biography:...

     (羅志祥)
  • Eric Moo
    Eric Moo
    Eric Moo Kai-yin is a Malaysian Chinese award-winning singer-songwriter and record producer.-Biography:Moo's mother died when he was 8 and he was raised by his older sister. He was educated at Seh Chuan High School and The Chinese High School in Singapore. He became a permanent resident of...

     (巫啟賢)
  • Blacklist Studio
    Blacklist Studio
    Blacklist Studio was a group of Taiwanese musicians who came together and released a ground-breaking album in 1989 called Songs of Madness . Reportedly five years in the making, this work came out at a critical juncture in Taiwan's history, two years after the lifting of the decades-long martial...

     (黑名單工作室)
  • Jimmy Lin (林志穎)
  • Barbie Hsu
    Barbie Hsu
    Barbie Hsu also known as Dà S |Mars]] with Vic Chou of F4. She has also acted in movies, her first being the Chinese movie The Ghost Inside. She also had a singing career prior to her acting career. She was in a duo group called "S.O.S." with her sister Dee Hsu. Their last album was called...

     (徐熙媛)
  • Hong-long Hong (洪榮宏)
  • Jacky Wu
    Jacky Wu
    Wu Jing , sometimes credited as Jacky Wu or Jing Wu, is a Chinese martial artist, actor and film director. Wu is perhaps best known as Hawkman / Jackie in 1996 film Tai Chi Boxer and Kong Ko in 2006 film Fatal Contact.-Personal life:At age six he was sent to the Beijing Sports Institute at Shichahai...

     (吳宗憲)
  • Jolin Tsai
    Jolin Tsai
    Jolin Tsai was born on 15 September 1980. She is a Taiwanese Golden Melody Award-winning Mandopop singer, dancer and actor. She is managed by Mars Entertainment Ltd .-Career:...

     (蔡依林)
  • Rainie Yang
    Rainie Yang
    Rainie Yang , born June 4th, 1984, is a Taiwanese singer, Golden Bell Awards actress and talk show host.-Career:Yang began her career in 2000, as a member of Taiwanese quartet girl group 4 in Love, where she was given the stage name of Rainie, matching the weather theme of each member. The group's...

     (楊丞琳)
  • Chang Hui Mei (張惠妹)
  • Vivian Hsu
    Vivian Hsu
    Vivian Hsu is a Taiwanese singer, actress, and model who has gained remarkable popularity in East Asia, mainly in Taiwan and Japan.Hsu rose to prominence in Japan, where she made her first appearance in 1995 and has become a highly-recognized celebrity with her countless appearances in media...

     (徐若瑄)
  • Leehom Wang (王力宏)
  • Dee Hsu
    Dee Hsu
    Dee Hsu , more commonly known as Xiǎo S , was born on 14 June 1978. She is a Taiwanese actress, singer and host. She is well known for being co-host of TV program KangXi Lai Le which airs on Chung T'ien Television with fellow host Kevin Tsai, for which they were awarded Best Host in a Variety...

     (徐熙娣)
  • Jody Chiang
    Jody Chiang
    Jody Chiang or Jiang Hui , born as Jiang Shuhui , is a Taiwanese popular singer. She is often called the Queen of Taiwanese music. She began recording in the 1980s and maintains an active career today. Her trademark ballads and folk songs are typically sung in Taiwanese...

     (Jiang Hui, Jodi Jiang 江蕙)
  • Chen Ying-Git
    Chen Ying-Git
    Chen Ying-Git , is a female singer of Taiwanese Hakka heritage. She has produced albums from the 1980s through the 1990s like another singer, Jody Chiang. One of her famous songs is 海海人生. She also sang a famous duet called 酒醉黑白話 with Taiwanese male singer 余天....

     (Chen Ying Jie 陳盈潔)
  • Ye Qi-Tian(Ye Qi Tian 葉啟田)
  • Cool Silly
    Cool Silly
    Cool Silly is a Taiwanese-American mainstream pop duo consisting of producer/singer Tone and rapper/actor Leeway. Renowned artist Tone formed this band after releasing his first debut album titled "我的6:57am" , and recruited two other members to form Cool Silly: Rapper/actor Leeway Cool Silly is...

     (傻酷樂團)
  • Chen Ya-Lan (陳亞蘭)
  • Chang Hsiu-Ching(張秀卿)
  • Fei-Fei Feng (Feng Fei-Fei 鳳飛飛)
  • Huang Fei (Huang Li-Hua 黄妃)
  • Julia Peng (彭佳慧)
  • Phil Chang
    Phil Chang
    Phil Chang is a male Taiwanese singer-songwriter.By the time he graduated from Feng Chia University in Financial Services, he was already known as an accomplished folk singer, pianist and guitar-player. He issued his first album, Walking the Wind, in 1992, and achieved success with his second,...

     (張宇)
  • Jeff Chang
    Jeff Chang
    Jeff Chang is a Taiwanese male singer, who performs sentimental Mandarin pop ballads.Chang was born in Yunlin, Taiwan. He started off his showbiz career by winning a singing competition while in college...

     (張信哲)
  • Jerry Yan
    Jerry Yan
    Jerry Yan was born 1 January 1977. He is a Taiwanese actor and member of Taiwanese boy band F4. His birth name is Liao Yangzhen .-Career:...

     (言承旭)
  • Ken Chu
    Ken Chu
    Ken Chu |F4]]. Educated in Singapore , he speaks Mandarin, Cantonese and English.-Biography:Chu was working as a waiter in Taiwan when he was discovered by Cai Zhiping, the creator of the boy band F4...

     (朱孝天)
  • Stella Chang (Zhang Qing-Fang 張清芳)
  • Mei-Feng Chen
  • Nicky Wu
    Nicky Wu
    Nicky Wu is a Taiwanese singer and actor. Wu found fame in 1988, by joining the Taiwanese boy band, Little Tigers Team, performing alongside Alec Su and Julian Chen. Since then, his career has also expanded into film and television in Taiwan, Hong Kong and mainland China.-Childhood:Nicky Wu is the...

     (吳奇隆)
  • Vanness Wu
    Vanness Wu
    Van Ness Wu is a American actor, singer, director, producer based in Asia. He was born on August 7, 1978 in Santa Monica, California and worked as a telemarketer before moving to Taiwan...

     (吴建豪)
  • Vic Chou
    Vic Chou
    Vic Chou is a Taiwanese actor, singer and commercial model. He is a member of the Taiwanese boy band F4, and has starred in Taiwanese dramas. His stage name, 周渝民, literally means “a completely changed person”...

     (周渝民)
  • Chen Lei (陳雷)
  • F.I.R.
    F.I.R.
    F.I.R. is a Taiwanese Mandopop pop rock band. The band currently consists of Faye Chan , Ian Chen and Real Huang . Producer Ian Chen formed his own band and recruited the other two members to form F.I.R. They are well known throughout Asia with their hit "Lydia", which was the theme song for the...

     (Feier Yuetuan 飛兒樂團)
  • MACHI
    Machi
    -Mythology and religious tradition:*Machi, a minor Biblical figure appearing in Numbers 13:15*Machi , the shaman of the Mapuche indigenous culture.*Machi, a Japanese neighborhood district 田丁 or address.-Popular culture:...

  • Weng Li-You (翁立友)
  • Fahrenheit
    Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band)
    Fahrenheit is a Taiwanese boy band who has been active in Asia since 2005. The group debut with four members: Jiro Wang, Calvin Chen, Aaron Yan and Wu Chun. They are managed by Comic International Productions . The group's music is distributed by HIM International Music in Taiwan, by WOW Music in...

     (飛輪海)
  • Xiao Huang-Chi
    Xiao Huang-Chi
    Xiao Huang-Chi , born 22nd September 1976 in Banciao, is a blind Taiwanese Tai-pop and Mandopop artist. Xiao Huang-Chi emerged in the Tai-pop scene after winning the Best Tai-pop male artist 2008 award in the Golden Melody Awards....

    (蕭煌奇)

External links

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