Sükrü Saracoglu
Encyclopedia
Mehmet Şükrü Saracoğlu (ʃyˈcɾy saˈɾadʒoːɫu; 1 January 1887, Ödemiş
– 27 December 1953, Istanbul
) was a Turkish
politician and the sixth Prime Minister of Republic of Turkey
. He was also the chairman of Fenerbahçe S.K. for 16 years between 1934-1950, including his time as prime minister as well.
, in 1887, he is the son of Saraç (Lorimer) Mehmet Tevfik Usta. He completed the primary and middle school in Ödemiş, high school in the prestigious Izmir Ataturk Lisesi
in Izmir
and graduated from the School of Civil Service (Mekteb-i Mülkiye) halla in 1909. For a while, he worked as officer of attendance and performed as mathematics teacher in İzmir High School (Sultaniye). In 1915, he studied in the Academy of Political Sciences in Geneva, Switzerland for the account of İzmir.
After the occupation of İzmir by the Greeks, he turned back to the homeland and established the struggle front in the region of Kuşadası, Aydın, Nazilli. He attended to the Grand National Assembly as İzmir Deputy in 1923; performed as Minister of Education in the cabinet of Fethi Okyar; and presided to the Commission for Composite Population Exchange that will conduct the negotiations with the Greek Government later on. He was appointed as the Minister of Finance in the third cabinet which was formed by İsmet Pasha. After seceding from the Ministry, he was sent to the US to complete some contacts about economic issues in 1931 and presided to the board going to Paris to solve the Ottoman Public Debt issues. In 1933, he reentered to the cabinet as the Minister of Justice and performed as the Foreign Minister at the first cabinet of Celal Bayar.
In the close days to the World War II
, he took place in the negotiations with the Russians in Moscow
for months.
Upon the death of Refik Saydam in 1942, he was assigned as the Prime Minister and resigned from this duty due to his sickness. He was elected as the President of the Grand National Assembly in 1948 and remained in this position until 1950.
Saracoğlu, who retired from the political life in 1950, was a farsighted statesman raised along with Atatürk, knows French and English. He married and had three children.
He died on 27 December 1953.
The Varlık Vergisi
, a law
on wealth
enacted during his government in 1942, was imposed on wealthy non-Muslim minorities in Turkey in an arbitrary and unrealistic manner. It caused much criticism at home and abroad that led finally to its abolition in 1944. The short living draconian
law effected also a landslide victory of the opposition Democratic Party
in the 1950 general elections.
The home of the Turkish football
club Fenerbahçe, Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
, is named after him.
Ödemis
Ödemiş is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. North of Ödemiş, which is 113 km southeast of İzmir, are the ruins of Hypaiapa...
– 27 December 1953, Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
) was a Turkish
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
politician and the sixth Prime Minister of Republic of Turkey
Prime Minister of Turkey
The Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
. He was also the chairman of Fenerbahçe S.K. for 16 years between 1934-1950, including his time as prime minister as well.
Biography
Born in ÖdemişÖdemis
Ödemiş is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. North of Ödemiş, which is 113 km southeast of İzmir, are the ruins of Hypaiapa...
, in 1887, he is the son of Saraç (Lorimer) Mehmet Tevfik Usta. He completed the primary and middle school in Ödemiş, high school in the prestigious Izmir Ataturk Lisesi
Izmir Ataturk Lisesi
İzmir Atatürk Lisesi is a prominent K-12 educational institution in İzmir, Turkey.-History:İzmir Atatürk Lisesi was established in 1888 as a 5-year preparatory school. The school was subsequently converted to a 7-year preparatory school in 1890 and became a high school in 1910...
in Izmir
Izmir
Izmir is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey...
and graduated from the School of Civil Service (Mekteb-i Mülkiye) halla in 1909. For a while, he worked as officer of attendance and performed as mathematics teacher in İzmir High School (Sultaniye). In 1915, he studied in the Academy of Political Sciences in Geneva, Switzerland for the account of İzmir.
After the occupation of İzmir by the Greeks, he turned back to the homeland and established the struggle front in the region of Kuşadası, Aydın, Nazilli. He attended to the Grand National Assembly as İzmir Deputy in 1923; performed as Minister of Education in the cabinet of Fethi Okyar; and presided to the Commission for Composite Population Exchange that will conduct the negotiations with the Greek Government later on. He was appointed as the Minister of Finance in the third cabinet which was formed by İsmet Pasha. After seceding from the Ministry, he was sent to the US to complete some contacts about economic issues in 1931 and presided to the board going to Paris to solve the Ottoman Public Debt issues. In 1933, he reentered to the cabinet as the Minister of Justice and performed as the Foreign Minister at the first cabinet of Celal Bayar.
In the close days to the World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, he took place in the negotiations with the Russians in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
for months.
Upon the death of Refik Saydam in 1942, he was assigned as the Prime Minister and resigned from this duty due to his sickness. He was elected as the President of the Grand National Assembly in 1948 and remained in this position until 1950.
Saracoğlu, who retired from the political life in 1950, was a farsighted statesman raised along with Atatürk, knows French and English. He married and had three children.
He died on 27 December 1953.
The Varlık Vergisi
Varlik Vergisi
Varlık Vergisi was a Turkish tax levied on the wealthy citizens of Turkey in 1942, with the stated aim of raising funds for the country's defense in case of an eventual entry into World War II....
, a law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
on wealth
Wealth tax
A wealth tax is generally conceived of as a levy based on the aggregate value of all household holdings actually accumulated as purchasing power stock , including owner-occupied housing; cash, bank deposits, money funds, and savings in insurance and pension plans; investment in real estate and...
enacted during his government in 1942, was imposed on wealthy non-Muslim minorities in Turkey in an arbitrary and unrealistic manner. It caused much criticism at home and abroad that led finally to its abolition in 1944. The short living draconian
Draconian
Draconian is an adjective meaning great severity, that derives from Draco, an Athenian law scribe under whom small offences had heavy punishments .Draconian may also refer to:* Draconian , a Death/doom metal band from Sweden...
law effected also a landslide victory of the opposition Democratic Party
Democratic Party (Turkey)
Democratic Party may refer to:* Democratic Party , current party* Democratic Party a historical party * Democratic Party a historical party...
in the 1950 general elections.
The home of the Turkish football
Football (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
club Fenerbahçe, Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
Sükrü Saracoglu Stadium
Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium is a football stadium in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, Turkey, and is the home venue of Fenerbahçe S.K.. It was inaugurated in 1908 and renovated between 1999 and 2006...
, is named after him.