Sunan Giri
Encyclopedia
Sunan Giri Muhammad Ainul Yakin (born 1442 CE in Blambangan (now Banyuwangi
) is considered to be one of the Wali Sanga
of Indonesia
.
princess, who had come to Blambangan as a missionary. The princess was forced to abandon him in a crisis and set him adrift on the ocean in a small boat, from which he was rescued by sailors, a story reminiscent of the Biblical Moses
. (see Sejarah Banten
).
His tomb is at Sunan Giri Mosque
, near Grisik, 45 km from Surabaya
.
, whose daughter he eventually married, and where Raden Patah was his fellow student.
He later established his own school in Desa Sidomukti at Southern Gresik in East Java
—a location from which he got his name ("Giri" means "hill"). The Islamic School which he established was not only an institute of religious studies, but also center for various local civic activities and social development.
Sunan Giri foretold the rise of Mataram
, and spread Islam to Lombok
, Sulawesi
, and Maluku
. He was a proponent of orthodox Islam, and disapproved of innovation (much like "modernist" Islamic scholars of the 1800s and 1900s).
and to Amangkurat II, who collaborated with the Dutch colonization efforts.
The creation of popular children's toys and games such as Jelungan, Jamuran, lir-ilir and Cublak Suweng is attributed to Sunan Giri. His name is also associated with Gending Asmaradana and Pucung (Javanese poetry
)—although they had been mostly influenced by pre-Islamic Javanese beliefs
and traditions, but show signs of eventual Islamization.
Banyuwangi
The Regency of Banyuwangi is located at the easternmost end of the Indonesian island of Java and it is a very strategic area for those who want to go to Bali, since it also serves as an important ferry port between Java and Bali. It is surrounded by mountains and forests to the west; by sea to the...
) is considered to be one of the Wali Sanga
Wali Sanga
The Wali Sanga are revered saints of Islam in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java, because of their historic role in the Spread of Islam in Indonesia. The word wali is Arabic for "trusted one" or "friend of God" , while the word songo is Javanese for the number nine...
of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
.
History
He was the son of Dewi Sekardadu and Maulana Ishak of Melaka (brother of Maulana Malik Ibrahim), but later adopted as a son by Nyai Semboja (a female merchant). A traditional story says that he was the son of a HinduHindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
princess, who had come to Blambangan as a missionary. The princess was forced to abandon him in a crisis and set him adrift on the ocean in a small boat, from which he was rescued by sailors, a story reminiscent of the Biblical Moses
Moses
Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed...
. (see Sejarah Banten
Sejarah Banten
Sejarah Banten is a Javanese chronicle containing stories of conversion to Islam in Indonesia. The manuscripts of the chronicle date from the late nineteenth century, although two are known to be copies written from the originals in the 1730s and 1740s.Due to the scarcity and limitations of...
).
His tomb is at Sunan Giri Mosque
Sunan Giri Mosque
Sunan Giri Mosque is located near Gresik about 45 kilometres from the Indonesian city of Surabaya. Its pavilion shelters the tomb of Sunan Giri, one of the nine Islamic prophets of Java , and like the tombs of the other wali sanga, it is a significant and highly auspicious pilgrimage point.Its wood...
, near Grisik, 45 km from Surabaya
Surabaya
Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million , and the capital of the province of East Java...
.
Education and contributions
As a young man Sunan Giri studied in the school of Sunan AmpelSunan Ampel
Sunan Ampel was one of Wali Songo, who spread Islam in Java. He can be considered a focal point of the wali songo, because several of them were descended from him and/or studied with him....
, whose daughter he eventually married, and where Raden Patah was his fellow student.
He later established his own school in Desa Sidomukti at Southern Gresik in East Java
East Java
East Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and islands to its east and to its north East Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and...
—a location from which he got his name ("Giri" means "hill"). The Islamic School which he established was not only an institute of religious studies, but also center for various local civic activities and social development.
Political leadership
The king of Majapahit granted Giri the authority to expand his role in political leadership, which later on to lead to the greater development of the school, popularly known as Giri Kedaton. Sunan Giri was also known as Prabu Satmata, due to his remarkable record.Sunan Giri foretold the rise of Mataram
Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram was the last major independent Javanese empire on Java before the island was colonized by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force in interior Central Java from the late 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century....
, and spread Islam to Lombok
Lombok
Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It forms part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east...
, Sulawesi
Sulawesi
Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
, and Maluku
Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands are an archipelago that is part of Indonesia, and part of the larger Maritime Southeast Asia region. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone...
. He was a proponent of orthodox Islam, and disapproved of innovation (much like "modernist" Islamic scholars of the 1800s and 1900s).
Later history of the Giri Kedaton school
Giri Kedaton, as a center of religious and political authority led by century head Pangeran Singosari was known for his most persistent resistance to the Dutch VOCDutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
and to Amangkurat II, who collaborated with the Dutch colonization efforts.
The creation of popular children's toys and games such as Jelungan, Jamuran, lir-ilir and Cublak Suweng is attributed to Sunan Giri. His name is also associated with Gending Asmaradana and Pucung (Javanese poetry
Javanese poetry
Javanese poetry is traditionally recited in song form. The standard forms are divided into three types, sekar ageng, sekar madya, and tembang macapat. All three types follow strict rules of poetic construction...
)—although they had been mostly influenced by pre-Islamic Javanese beliefs
Javanese beliefs
Javanese beliefs have principles embodying a search for inner self but at the core is the concept of peace of mind. Although Kejawen is not strictly a religious affiliation, it addresses ethical and spiritual values as inspired by Javanese tradition. It is not a religion in usual sense of the...
and traditions, but show signs of eventual Islamization.
See also
- Islam in IndonesiaIslam in IndonesiaIslam is the dominant religion in Indonesia, which also has a larger Muslim population than any other country in the world, with approximately 202.9 million identified as Muslim as of 2009....
- The spread of Islam in Indonesia (1200 to 1600)The spread of Islam in Indonesia (1200 to 1600)Islam was brought into Indonesia by traders from Gujarat, India during the eleventh century, although Muslims had visited the archipelago early in the Muslim era. By the end of the 16th century, Islam, through conversion, had surpassed Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion of the peoples...
- Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-SadiqAli al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-SadiqAli al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, better known simply as Ali al-Uraidhi, was the son of Ja'far al-Sadiq and the brother of Musa al-Kadhim, Isma'il, Abdullah al-Aftah, and Muhammad Al-Dibaj. He was known by the title al-Uraidhi, because he lived in an area called Uraidh, about 4 miles from...
External links
- http://www.petra.ac.id/eastjava/walisongo/giri.htm