Stuart Card
Encyclopedia
Stuart K. Card is an American researcher and Senior Research Fellow at Xerox PARC
. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of applying human factors
in human–computer interaction.
in physics
from the Oberlin College
in 1966, and a Ph.D. in psychology
from Carnegie Mellon University
.
He started working as an adjunct faculty member at Stanford University
in the late 1960s. Since 1974 he has been working at PARC and was the Area Manager of the User Interface Research group. He retired from PARC in 2010.
Card received several awards. In 2000 he was awarded the CHI Lifetime Achievement Award from the Association for Computing Machinery
's SIGCHI, and became Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery
. In 2001 he was elected to the CHI Academy
. And in 2007, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, and was awarded The Franklin Institute
's Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science. On May 26, 2008, Card was made an Honorary Doctor of Science by Oberlin College
.
The 1983 book The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction, which he co-wrote with Thomas P. Moran
and Allen Newell
, became a very influential book in the field, partly for introducing the Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules (GOMS
) framework.
At PARC his "study of input devices led to the Fitts's Law characterization of the mouse and was a major factor leading to the mouse's commercial introduction by Xerox". Further research into the theoretical characterizations of human–machine interaction led to developments like "the Model Human Processor, the GOMS theory of user interaction, information foraging
theory, and statistical descriptions of Internet use".
In the new millennium his research has been focusing on developing a "supporting science of human–information interaction and visual-semantic prototypes to aid sense making".
Xerox PARC
PARC , formerly Xerox PARC, is a research and co-development company in Palo Alto, California, with a distinguished reputation for its contributions to information technology and hardware systems....
. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of applying human factors
Human factors
Human factors science or human factors technologies is a multidisciplinary field incorporating contributions from psychology, engineering, industrial design, statistics, operations research and anthropometry...
in human–computer interaction.
Biography
Card received an A.B.Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
in physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
from the Oberlin College
Oberlin College
Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio, noteworthy for having been the first American institution of higher learning to regularly admit female and black students. Connected to the college is the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, the oldest continuously operating...
in 1966, and a Ph.D. in psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
from Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States....
.
He started working as an adjunct faculty member at Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
in the late 1960s. Since 1974 he has been working at PARC and was the Area Manager of the User Interface Research group. He retired from PARC in 2010.
Card received several awards. In 2000 he was awarded the CHI Lifetime Achievement Award from the Association for Computing Machinery
Association for Computing Machinery
The Association for Computing Machinery is a learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947 as the world's first scientific and educational computing society. Its membership is more than 92,000 as of 2009...
's SIGCHI, and became Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery
Association for Computing Machinery
The Association for Computing Machinery is a learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947 as the world's first scientific and educational computing society. Its membership is more than 92,000 as of 2009...
. In 2001 he was elected to the CHI Academy
CHI Academy
The CHI Academy is a group of researchers honored by SIGCHI, the Special Interest Group in Computer–Human Interaction of the Association for Computing Machinery. Each year, 5–7 new members are elected for having made a significant, cumulative contributions to the development of thefield of...
. And in 2007, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, and was awarded The Franklin Institute
Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States, dating to 1824. The Institute also houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial.-History:On February 5, 1824, Samuel Vaughn Merrick and...
's Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science. On May 26, 2008, Card was made an Honorary Doctor of Science by Oberlin College
Oberlin College
Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio, noteworthy for having been the first American institution of higher learning to regularly admit female and black students. Connected to the college is the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, the oldest continuously operating...
.
Work
Card's research interests are in the interdisciplinary field between psychology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. He has been one of the pioneers of applying human factors in human–computer interaction.The 1983 book The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction, which he co-wrote with Thomas P. Moran
Thomas P. Moran
Thomas P. Moran is a Distinguished Engineer at the IBM Almaden Research Center near San Jose, California. He has been active in the field of human computer interaction for a long time. In 1983 the book he wrote along with Stuart Card and Allen Newell The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction...
and Allen Newell
Allen Newell
Allen Newell was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation and at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science, Tepper School of Business, and Department of Psychology...
, became a very influential book in the field, partly for introducing the Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules (GOMS
GOMS
GOMS is a kind of specialized human information processor model for human computer interaction observation. Developed in 1983 by Stuart Card, Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell, it was explained in their book The Psychology of Human Computer Interaction...
) framework.
At PARC his "study of input devices led to the Fitts's Law characterization of the mouse and was a major factor leading to the mouse's commercial introduction by Xerox". Further research into the theoretical characterizations of human–machine interaction led to developments like "the Model Human Processor, the GOMS theory of user interaction, information foraging
Information foraging
Information foraging is a theory that applies the ideas from optimal foraging theory to understand how human users search for information. The theory is based on the assumption that, when searching for information, humans use "built-in" foraging mechanisms that evolved to help our animal ancestors...
theory, and statistical descriptions of Internet use".
In the new millennium his research has been focusing on developing a "supporting science of human–information interaction and visual-semantic prototypes to aid sense making".
Publications
Card has written three books and more than 70 papers, and holds 22 patents.- 1983. The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. With Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell.
- 1990. Human Performance Models for Computer-Aided Engineering. Edited with J.I. Elkind, J. Hochberg and B.M. Heuy. San Diego, CA : Academic Press.
- 1996. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization ’96 : proceedings, October 28–29, 1996, San Francisco, California. Edited with Stephen G. Eick and Nahum Gershon. Los Alamitos, Calif. : IEEE Computer Society.
- 1999. Readings in information visualization : using vision to think. With Jock D. MackinlayJock D. MackinlayJock D. Mackinlay is an American information visualization expert and Director of Visual Analysis at Tableau Software. With Stuart K. Card, George G...
and Ben ShneidermanBen ShneidermanBen Shneiderman is an American computer scientist, and professor for Computer Science at the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory at the University of Maryland, College Park...
.
External links
- Stuart Card at PARC.
- SIGCHI Awards