Strobilomyces
Encyclopedia
Strobilomyces is a genus
of bolete
s (mushroom
s having a spongy mass of pores under the cap). The only well-known Europe
an species is the type species S. strobilaceus
(also named S. floccopus), known in English as old man of the woods.
Members of the genus can be distinguished by the following characteristics:
(suborder Boletineae). These results corroborate older DNA analyses by K. Høiland (1987), which suggested that Strobilomyces is only distantly related to more familiar boletes such as Suillus
, but was in fact more closely related to the Earth Balls
(Scleroderma).
Many more species have come to light from warmer countries. The mycologist E. J. H. Corner
described several new species from Malaysia including S. mirandus .
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of bolete
Bolete
A bolete is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus that is clearly differentiated from the stipe, with a spongy surface of pores on the underside of the pileus...
s (mushroom
Mushroom
A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi that...
s having a spongy mass of pores under the cap). The only well-known Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
an species is the type species S. strobilaceus
Strobilomyces strobilaceus
Strobilomyces strobilaceus, also called Strobilomyces floccopus and commonly known as Old Man of the Woods, is a species of fungus in the Boletaceae family. It is native to Europe and North America...
(also named S. floccopus), known in English as old man of the woods.
Members of the genus can be distinguished by the following characteristics:
- the capCapA cap is a form of headgear. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head and have no brim or only a visor. They are typically designed for warmth and, when including a visor, blocking sunlight from the eyes...
and stipeStipe (mycology)thumb|150px|right|Diagram of a [[basidiomycete]] stipe with an [[annulus |annulus]] and [[volva |volva]]In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal...
are covered in soft hairy or woolly scales, - while most boletes have smooth elongated sporeSporeIn biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many bacteria, plants, algae, fungi and some protozoa. According to scientist Dr...
s, those of Strobilomyces are roughly spherical and prominently ornamented, and - as might be expected from its "dry" fibrous appearance, it is resistant to decay (whereas most mushrooms in the BoletaceaeBoletaceaeBoletaceae are a family of mushrooms, primarily characterized by developing their spores in small pores on the underside of the mushroom, instead of gills, as are found in agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as agarics, they include the Cep or King Bolete , much sought after by mushroom hunters...
are soft and decompose notoriously rapidly).
Taxonomy and classification
The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek word Strobilos (στρόβιλος), meaning "pine cone", a reference to the appearance of S. strobilaceus. The ending "-myces" is a standard suffix meaning "mushroom" (Ancient Greek: μύкης). In some older classification systems it is assigned to a separate family Strobilomycetaceae , but more recent phylogenetic evidence merges it into the larger family BoletaceaeBoletaceae
Boletaceae are a family of mushrooms, primarily characterized by developing their spores in small pores on the underside of the mushroom, instead of gills, as are found in agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as agarics, they include the Cep or King Bolete , much sought after by mushroom hunters...
(suborder Boletineae). These results corroborate older DNA analyses by K. Høiland (1987), which suggested that Strobilomyces is only distantly related to more familiar boletes such as Suillus
Suillus
Suillus is a genus of basidiomycete fungi in the family Suillaceae and order Boletales. Species in the genus are associated with coniferous trees, and are mostly distributed in northern temperate locations, although some species have been introduced to the Southern Hemisphere.-Taxonomy:The genus...
, but was in fact more closely related to the Earth Balls
Scleroderma (genus)
Scleroderma is a genus of fungi, commonly known as earth balls, now known to belong to the Boletales order, in suborder Sclerodermatineae.. The best known species are S. citrinum and S. verrucosum...
(Scleroderma).
Many more species have come to light from warmer countries. The mycologist E. J. H. Corner
E. J. H. Corner
Edred John Henry Corner FRS was a botanist who occupied the posts of assistant director at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and Professor of Tropical Botany at the University of Cambridge...
described several new species from Malaysia including S. mirandus .
List of species
- Strobilomyces alpinus - (YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
province, Mainland ChinaMainland ChinaMainland China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China . According to the Taipei-based Mainland Affairs Council, the term excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and...
) - Strobilomyces ananaeceps
- Strobilomyces annamiticus
- Strobilomyces annulatus - (Malaysia)
- Strobilomyces areolatus
- Strobilomyces atrosquamosus
- Strobilomyces benoisii
- Strobilomyces camphoratus
- Strobilomyces coccineus
- Strobilomyces confusus - (East Asia, North America)
- Strobilomyces coturnix - (MadagascarMadagascarThe Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
) - Strobilomyces dryophilus - (United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
) - Strobilomyces echinatus
- Strobilomyces excavatus
- Strobilomyces fasciculatus
- Strobilomyces foveatusStrobilomyces foveatusStrobilomyces foveatus is a little-known species of fungus in the Boletaceae family. It was first reported by mycologist E.J.H. Corner in 1972, from specimens he collected in Malaysia in 1959, and has since been found in Australia. Fruit bodies are characterized by the small dark brown to black...
- (Malaysia) - Strobilomyces fusisporus
- Strobilomyces giganteus - (SichuanSichuan' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
province, Mainland China) - Strobilomyces gilbertianus - (Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the CongoThe Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...
) - Strobilomyces glabellus - (Yunnan province, Mainland China)
- Strobilomyces glabriceps
- Strobilomyces hongoi - Japan
- Strobilomyces hydriensis
- Strobilomyces immutabilis - (Madagascar)
- Strobilomyces indica
- Strobilomyces kalimpongensis
- Strobilomyces latirimosus - (GuangxiGuangxiGuangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
province, Mainland China) - Strobilomyces ligulatus
- Strobilomyces mirandus - (Malaysia)
- Strobilomyces mollis - (Malaysia)
- Strobilomyces montosus
- Strobilomyces nigricans - (East Asia, North America)
- Strobilomyces pallescens
- Strobilomyces paradoxus
- Strobilomyces parvirimosus - (Yunnan province, Mainland China)
- Strobilomyces pauper - (BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
) - Strobilomyces polypyramis - (Malaysia)
- Strobilomyces porphyrius
- Strobilomyces retisporus
- Strobilomyces rufescens
- Strobilomyces sanmingensis
- Strobilomyces seminudus - (ŌtsuOtsuŌtsu, or Otsu, may refer to:* Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan** Ōtsu Station, a railway station on the Tōkaidō Main Line ** Ōtsu incident, an assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich of Russia...
, JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
) - Strobilomyces strobilaceusStrobilomyces strobilaceusStrobilomyces strobilaceus, also called Strobilomyces floccopus and commonly known as Old Man of the Woods, is a species of fungus in the Boletaceae family. It is native to Europe and North America...
= S. floccopus - (North America, Europe) - Strobilomyces subnigricans - (HubeiHubei' Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting...
province, Mainland China) - Strobilomyces subnudus - (JiangsuJiangsu' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...
province, Mainland China) - Strobilomyces velutinus - (Yunnan province, Mainland China)
- Strobilomyces velutipes - (Malaysia)