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Stigand

Stigand was an English churchman in pre-Norman Conquest England. Although his birthdate is unknown, by 1020, he was serving as a royal chaplain and advisor. He was named Bishop of Elmham in 1043, and then later Bishop of Winchester and Archbishop of Canterbury...

, the last Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury

Archbishop of Canterbury

The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...

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Stigand (died 1087) was the last Bishop of Selsey, and first Bishop of Chichester

Bishop of Chichester

The Bishop of Chichester is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Chichester in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers the Counties of East and West Sussex. The see is in the City of Chichester where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity...

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Life

Shortly after the Norman Conquest of 1066, there was a purge of the English episcopate, Archbishop Stigand was deposed in 1070 along with four other bishops, including Æthelric II

Æthelric II

Æthelric was the second to last medieval Bishop of Selsey in England before the see was moved to Chichester. Consecrated a bishop in 1058, he was deposed in 1070 for unknown reasons and then imprisoned by King William I of England...

 of Selsey

Selsey

Selsey is a seaside town and civil parish, about seven miles south of Chichester, in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England. Selsey lies at the southernmost point of the Manhood Peninsula, almost cut off from mainland Sussex by the sea...

, probably because of his association with the Archbishop. King Williams chaplain, who was also called Stigand, replaced Æthelric, as Bishop of Selsey within the week. Lanfranc

Lanfranc

Lanfranc was Archbishop of Canterbury, and a Lombard by birth.-Early life:Lanfranc was born in the early years of the 11th century at Pavia, where later tradition held that his father, Hanbald, held a rank broadly equivalent to magistrate...

 was consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury

Archbishop of Canterbury

The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...

 on 29 August 1070, and Stigand was listed as one of the assisting bishops, therefore Stigand must have been appointed as bishop prior to that date.

At the Council of London

Council of London (1075)

The Council of London in 1075 AD was a council of the Roman Catholic church in England held by the new Norman archbishop of Canterbury Lanfranc five years after his installation. Other attendees included Gisa and William the Norman...

 in 1075 the South Saxon see

Selsey Abbey

Selsey Abbey was almost certainly built at Church Norton, Selsey, Sussex, England. It was founded in 683AD, and became the seat of the Sussex bishopric, until it was moved in 1075AD to Chichester.-Historical Context :...

 was transferred to Chichester. The medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury

William of Malmesbury

William of Malmesbury was the foremost English historian of the 12th century. C. Warren Hollister so ranks him among the most talented generation of writers of history since Bede, "a gifted historical scholar and an omnivorous reader, impressively well versed in the literature of classical,...

 said that there had been a church dedicated to St Peter, as well as a convent in the town. Presumably it was in the church, or minister, which became the new seat of the diocese. Traditionally, the building of the cathedral has been credited to one of Stigand's successor's, Ralph de Luffa

Ralph de Luffa

Ralph de Luffa was an English bishop of Chichester, from 1091 to 1123. He built extensively on his cathedral as well as being praised by contemporary writers as an exemplary bishop. He took little part in the Investiture Crisis which took place in England during his episcopate...

, but the architectural historian R. D. H. Gem argues it is possible that Stigand began the building of Chichester Cathedral

Chichester Cathedral

The Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, otherwise called Chichester Cathedral, is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Chichester. It is located in Chichester, in Sussex, England...

, and Tatton-Brown goes further, by suggesting that "most of the first church was completed as far as the fourth bay in the nave by the time of Bishop Luffa". The problem for historians, is that virtually no charters or other documents survive from Stigand's time, at least that are not forgeries. The loss of most of the documents were attributed to the sacking of the cathedral by the Parliamentarians

Roundhead

"Roundhead" was the nickname given to the supporters of the Parliament during the English Civil War. Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I and his supporters, the Cavaliers , who claimed absolute power and the divine right of kings...

 in 1642, during the English Civil war

English Civil War

The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...

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The cathedral, that was probably planned during Stigands tenure, consisted of an eight-bay nave with flanking western towers, however evidence from the fabric shows that only the eastern four bays were built in the first phase.

Dispute with the King and Archbishop

The organization of his diocese into prebends may have begun under Stigand. Stigands organisational skills brought him into a dispute with Lanfranc over the Archbishops peculiars in Sussex, which were numerous. Lanfranc wrote a letter to Stigand instructing him not to meddle in future with the Sussex parishes belonging to the see of Canterbury and he also prohibited any of the clergy in those peculiars from attending Stigands diocesan synods.

Stigand also managed to attract the kings displeasure, this was after the king had chosen a monk from Marmoutier Abbey in the Loire Valley, France to be the first abbot of Battle Abbey

Battle Abbey

Battle Abbey is a partially ruined abbey complex in the small town of Battle in East Sussex, England. The abbey was built on the scene of the Battle of Hastings and dedicated to St...

. The king had requested that Stigand go to Battle to consecrate the new abbot, however Stigand refused and insisted that the abbot elect go to Chichester for the purpose instead. The king was insensed and compelled Stigand to go to Battle to consecrate the monk before the altar of St. Martin. The abbey was to remain outside Stigands jurisdiction and become part of the kings own chapel and as a further humiliation Stigand and his retinue were forbidden to be lodged or boarded within the grounds of the abbey on this occasion.

Stigand was Bishop of Chichester until his death in 1087, possibly on 29 August.