Stanley Heaps
Encyclopedia
Stanley A. Heaps was an English
architect
responsible for the design of a number of stations on the London Underground
system as well as the design of train depots and bus and trolleybus
garages for London Transport
.
In 1903 Heaps became assistant to Leslie Green
the architect for the Underground Electric Railways Company of London
(UERL) and aided him in the design of the station buildings for the Baker Street & Waterloo Railway
(now part of the Bakerloo line
), the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR, now part of the Northern line
) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway
(part of the Piccadilly line
); all distinctive with their striking red glazed terra cotta
façades and semi-circular windows at first floor.
Following the early death of Green in 1908, Heaps became the UERL's architect and produced designs for a number of new stations on the Bakerloo and Northern lines during the 1910s and early 1920s.
Heaps' first independent station designs were for the four new stations on the Bakerloo line extension from Edgware Road tube station
opened in 1913 and 1915. Although not the first London Underground stations to be provided with escalator
s; Paddington
, Warwick Avenue
, Maida Vale
and Kilburn Park
were the first stations to be designed specifically for their use rather than use lifts
as had the original Bakerloo line stations opened less than ten years earlier.
The station buildings designed for Maida Vale and Kilburn Park (Warwick Avenue is accessed by a subway and has no surface building and Paddington had only a small subway entrance) were based on the earlier Leslie Green design, using the same terra cotta tiling. Green's stations had been two-storey structures; the lift plant housed in part of the first floor level behind the characteristic semi-circular arched windows. By using escalators, Heaps' stations did not require a second floor to accommodate plant and they were designed as more modest single-storey buildings featuring tall windows each with a broad, tiled transom
separating the curved top section to reflect Green's design.
In 1915 Heaps also designed a new frontage for the Central line
's station at Wood Lane
(closed in 1947 and now demolished). This featured mosaic tiled Underground roundels over the entrances similar to those installed at Maida Vale station.
After World War I
, Heaps designed the stations for the 1923-4 extension of the CCE&HR from Golders Green
to Edgware
. Unlike the Bakerloo line stations which had been built in well-developed central London, the five new stations for the CCE&HR were constructed in open countryside and the buildings were given a suburban style more in keeping with the new housing developments that were expected to grow around them. The buildings were built of brick with tiled pitched roofs. Four of the stations (Brent
, Colindale
, Hendon Central
and Edgware
) were given stone colonnade
d frontages somewhat reminiscent of cricket
pavilions. The fifth station, Burnt Oak (Watling)
, opened with a temporary building that was replaced in 1925 by a permanent building that was built without a colonnade.
Hendon Central station was quickly surrounded by and incorporated into a larger block of shops and apartments so that the simple elegant building can no longer be easily discerned. Colindale station was destroyed by a bomb in 1940 but was not fully replaced, in a new design, until 1962.
After the Edgware extension stations, Heaps concentrated on the design of less noteworthy but nonetheless important depot buildings for trains and buses although he designed new stations at Osterley
, Boston Manor
and St John's Wood
. Heaps remained Chief Architect for the UERL and its successor London Transport into the 1940s. He worked throughout that period with the Underground's consultant architect, Charles Holden
, on a number of stations including Hounslow West
and Ealing Common
.
During the Second War World
Heaps served as Director of Construction at the Ministry of Aircraft Production
.
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
responsible for the design of a number of stations on the London Underground
London Underground
The London Underground is a rapid transit system serving a large part of Greater London and some parts of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex in England...
system as well as the design of train depots and bus and trolleybus
Trolleybus
A trolleybus is an electric bus that draws its electricity from overhead wires using spring-loaded trolley poles. Two wires and poles are required to complete the electrical circuit...
garages for London Transport
London Passenger Transport Board
The London Passenger Transport Board was the organisation responsible for public transport in London, UK, and its environs from 1933 to 1948...
.
Works
Leslie Green
Leslie William Green was an English architect known especially for his design of iconic stations constructed on the London Underground railway system in central London during the first decade of the 20th century....
the architect for the Underground Electric Railways Company of London
Underground Electric Railways Company of London
The Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited , known operationally as The Underground for much of its existence, was established in 1902. It was the holding company for the three deep-level "tube"A "tube" railway is an underground railway constructed in a circular tunnel by the use...
(UERL) and aided him in the design of the station buildings for the Baker Street & Waterloo Railway
Baker Street and Waterloo Railway
The Baker Street and Waterloo Railway , also known as the Bakerloo tube, was a railway company established in 1893 that constructed a deep-level underground "tube" railway in London...
(now part of the Bakerloo line
Bakerloo Line
The Bakerloo line is a line of the London Underground, coloured brown on the Tube map. It runs partly on the surface and partly at deep level, from Elephant and Castle in the south-east to Harrow & Wealdstone in the north-west of London. The line serves 25 stations, of which 15 are underground...
), the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR, now part of the Northern line
Northern Line
The Northern line is a London Underground line. It is coloured black on the Tube map.For most of its length it is a deep-level tube line. The line carries 206,734,000 passengers per year. This is the highest number of any line on the London Underground system, but the Northern line is unique in...
) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway
Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway
The Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway , also known as the Piccadilly tube, was a railway company established in 1902 that constructed a deep-level underground "tube" railway in London. The GNP&BR was formed through a merger of two older companies, the Brompton and Piccadilly Circus...
(part of the Piccadilly line
Piccadilly Line
The Piccadilly line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. It is the fifth busiest line on the Underground network judged by the number of passengers transported per year. It is mainly a deep-level line, running from the north to the west of London via Zone 1, with...
); all distinctive with their striking red glazed terra cotta
Glazed architectural terra-cotta
Glazed architectural terra-cotta is a ceramic masonry building material popular in the United States from the late 19th century until the 1930s, and still one of the most common building materials found in U.S. urban environments...
façades and semi-circular windows at first floor.
Following the early death of Green in 1908, Heaps became the UERL's architect and produced designs for a number of new stations on the Bakerloo and Northern lines during the 1910s and early 1920s.
Heaps' first independent station designs were for the four new stations on the Bakerloo line extension from Edgware Road tube station
Edgware Road tube station
Edgware Road station is a London Underground station on the corner of Chapel Street and Cabbell Street Road in Travelcard Zone 1 serving the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines. The separate Edgware Road tube station is about 150 metres away on the opposite side of the Marylebone Road...
opened in 1913 and 1915. Although not the first London Underground stations to be provided with escalator
Escalator
An escalator is a moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building. The device consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.Escalators are used around the...
s; Paddington
Paddington station
Paddington railway station, also known as London Paddington, is a central London railway terminus and London Underground complex.The site is a historic one, having served as the London terminus of the Great Western Railway and its successors since 1838. Much of the current mainline station dates...
, Warwick Avenue
Warwick Avenue tube station
Warwick Avenue tube station is a London Underground station near Little Venice in inner north-west London. The station is on the Bakerloo Line, between Paddington and Maida Vale stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 2....
, Maida Vale
Maida Vale tube station
Maida Vale tube station is a London Underground station in Maida Vale in inner north-west London. The station is on the Bakerloo Line, between Kilburn Park and Warwick Avenue stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 2....
and Kilburn Park
Kilburn Park tube station
Kilburn Park tube station is a London Underground station at Kilburn in the London Borough of Brent. The station is on the Bakerloo Line, between Queen's Park and Maida Vale stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 2....
were the first stations to be designed specifically for their use rather than use lifts
Elevator
An elevator is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building, vessel or other structures...
as had the original Bakerloo line stations opened less than ten years earlier.
The station buildings designed for Maida Vale and Kilburn Park (Warwick Avenue is accessed by a subway and has no surface building and Paddington had only a small subway entrance) were based on the earlier Leslie Green design, using the same terra cotta tiling. Green's stations had been two-storey structures; the lift plant housed in part of the first floor level behind the characteristic semi-circular arched windows. By using escalators, Heaps' stations did not require a second floor to accommodate plant and they were designed as more modest single-storey buildings featuring tall windows each with a broad, tiled transom
Transom (architectural)
In architecture, a transom is the term given to a transverse beam or bar in a frame, or to the crosspiece separating a door or the like from a window or fanlight above it. Transom is also the customary U.S. word used for a transom light, the window over this crosspiece...
separating the curved top section to reflect Green's design.
In 1915 Heaps also designed a new frontage for the Central line
Central Line
The Central line is a London Underground line, coloured red on the tube map. It is a deep-level "tube" line, running east-west across London, and, at , has the greatest total length of track of any line on the Underground. Of the 49 stations served, 20 are below ground...
's station at Wood Lane
Wood Lane (Central Line) tube station
Wood Lane tube station is a disused station on the Central Line of the London Underground. It was built to serve the Franco-British Exhibition of 1908 and the 1908 Summer Olympics....
(closed in 1947 and now demolished). This featured mosaic tiled Underground roundels over the entrances similar to those installed at Maida Vale station.
After World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, Heaps designed the stations for the 1923-4 extension of the CCE&HR from Golders Green
Golders Green tube station
Golders Green tube station is a London Underground station in Golders Green, north London. The station is on the Edgware branch of the Northern Line between Hampstead and Brent Cross...
to Edgware
Edgware tube station
Edgware tube station is a London Underground station in Edgware, in the London Borough of Barnet, in North London. The station is the terminus of the Edgware branch of the Northern Line and the next station towards central London is . Edgware is in Travelcard Zone 5.-Location:The station is in...
. Unlike the Bakerloo line stations which had been built in well-developed central London, the five new stations for the CCE&HR were constructed in open countryside and the buildings were given a suburban style more in keeping with the new housing developments that were expected to grow around them. The buildings were built of brick with tiled pitched roofs. Four of the stations (Brent
Brent Cross tube station
Brent Cross tube station is a London Underground station located on Highfield Avenue in the Golders Green area of north west London. The station is a Grade II listed building....
, Colindale
Colindale tube station
Colindale tube station is a London Underground station in Colindale, a suburb of north London. The station is on the north-south Edgware branch of the Northern Line, between Burnt Oak and Hendon Central stations, and in Travelcard Zone 4.-History:...
, Hendon Central
Hendon Central tube station
Hendon Central tube station is a London Underground station in North West London on the A41.The station is on the Edgware branch of the Northern Line, between Colindale and Brent Cross stations, and is on the boundary between Travelcard Zone 3 and Zone 4. Its postcode is NW4 2TE...
and Edgware
Edgware tube station
Edgware tube station is a London Underground station in Edgware, in the London Borough of Barnet, in North London. The station is the terminus of the Edgware branch of the Northern Line and the next station towards central London is . Edgware is in Travelcard Zone 5.-Location:The station is in...
) were given stone colonnade
Colonnade
In classical architecture, a colonnade denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building....
d frontages somewhat reminiscent of cricket
Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the...
pavilions. The fifth station, Burnt Oak (Watling)
Burnt Oak tube station
Burnt Oak tube station is a London Underground station in Burnt Oak, north London, on Watling Avenue, off the A5...
, opened with a temporary building that was replaced in 1925 by a permanent building that was built without a colonnade.
Hendon Central station was quickly surrounded by and incorporated into a larger block of shops and apartments so that the simple elegant building can no longer be easily discerned. Colindale station was destroyed by a bomb in 1940 but was not fully replaced, in a new design, until 1962.
After the Edgware extension stations, Heaps concentrated on the design of less noteworthy but nonetheless important depot buildings for trains and buses although he designed new stations at Osterley
Osterley tube station
Osterley is a London Underground station in Osterley in west London. The station is on the Heathrow branch of the Piccadilly Line, between Boston Manor and Hounslow East. The station is located on Great West Road close to the National Trust-owned Osterley Park. It is in Travelcard Zone 4...
, Boston Manor
Boston Manor tube station
Boston Manor is a London Underground station serving the Boston Manor area between Brentford and Hanwell in west London. The station is on the Heathrow branch of the Underground's Piccadilly Line, between Osterley and Northfields stations...
and St John's Wood
St John's Wood tube station
St John's Wood tube station is a London Underground station at St John's Wood. It is on the Jubilee Line, between Swiss Cottage and Baker Street. It is in Travelcard Zone 2...
. Heaps remained Chief Architect for the UERL and its successor London Transport into the 1940s. He worked throughout that period with the Underground's consultant architect, Charles Holden
Charles Holden
Charles Henry Holden, Litt. D., FRIBA, MRTPI, RDI was a Bolton-born English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s, for Bristol Central Library, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadway and for the...
, on a number of stations including Hounslow West
Hounslow West tube station
Hounslow West is a London Underground station in Hounslow in west London. The station is on the Heathrow branch of the Piccadilly Line, between Hatton Cross and Hounslow Central stations. The station is located on Bath Road about 600m from the junction of Bath Road, Great West Road and Great...
and Ealing Common
Ealing Common tube station
Ealing Common is a London Underground station on the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly Line, and on the Ealing Broadway branch of the District Line...
.
During the Second War World
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
Heaps served as Director of Construction at the Ministry of Aircraft Production
Minister of Aircraft Production
The Minister of Aircraft Production was the British government position in charge of the Ministry of Aircraft Production, one of the specialised supply ministries set up by the British Government during World War II...
.