Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X
Encyclopedia
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana X (also seen as Hamengkubuwono) (born BRM Herjuno Darpito, 2 April 1946 in Yogyakarta) is the current monarch
of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate
in Indonesia
, and is currently also the elected governor
of the modern Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Special Region. He was inaugurated on 3 October 1998.
During Dutch Colonialism prior to 1941, the governmental position of Governor was occupied by the Dutch-appointed Dutch Resident of Yogyakarta, with the Sultan maintaining a facade with merely ceremonial powers.
Due to special status granted to the Yogyakarta Region when the Republic of Indonesia was formed in 1945, in recognition of the late Hamengkubuwana IX's heroic support and role in the Indonesian War of Independence, the hereditary monarch was to hold the position of Provincial Governor
. However, this provision was not honored by the Indonesian central government when Bendoro Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito ascended the throne in 1988 as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana X (SS HB X for brevity).
One of the two symbolically important banyan
trees, namely Kiai Dewandaru planted during the reign of SS HB I fell in the Alun-Alun Utara (northern Parade Square) coincidentally concurrently with the funerary rites of his late father SS HB IX, attributed by kejawen Javanese as a sign of immense grief of even the physical lands of the kingdom. The banyan
was replanted with approval of SS HB X although it is diminutive beside the centuries-old Kiai Wijayadaru on the east flank.
Under the Suharto regime, vice-governor Sri Paku Alam VIII
, prince of the subordinate enclave of Paku Alaman within Yogyakarta was instead (controversially) elevated to the position of governor
.
In 1998 the central government required an election be held for the post of Yogyakarta Governor and the 3rd of October 1998 SS HB X was democratically elected
by Yogyakarta Provincial electorate as Governor.
.
SS HB X was active as Chairman DIY KADINDAII (Business Association), Chairman of the DPD Golkar DIY (Golongan Karya Party Yogyakarta), Chairman of the DIY Sports Committee Chairman and Managing Director of PT Punokawan Construction, President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner, and in July 1996 was appointed Chairman of the DIY Expert Counsel to the Governor.
SS HB X followed the tradition of his late father Sri Sultan Hamengkubawana IX in the spirit of Indonesian Nationalism over self-interest by participating in street protests streets in support of the student demonstrations opposing Suharto's rule on May 14 of 1998, and like his illustrious father, wanted to be a pioneer in the Yogyakarta Reformation Movement albeit in a non-violent manner.
SS HB X was also one of the four key figures in the early reform period sparked Ciganjur Declaration urging the government to hold elections as soon as possible, because President BJ Habibie had neither Constitutional nor legal right to resume the presidency of Suharto who had just resigned.
SS HB X has stated his vision for his region and Sultanate is the development of science and technology, development of agriculture, tourism and world famous cultural industries and thus provide a fair and prosperous life to all his citizens.
SS HB X was nominated by popular choice, Golkar Yogyakarta Assembly as a Presidential Candidate for the 2009 Indonesian Presidential Election Campaign. SS HB X, though widely respected across all parties and nation-wide as neutral, honest and uncorrupted was ultimately unsuccessful in garnering support outside Central Java
and was unsuccessful to attain first round voting position.
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu (GKR) Hemas.
Their five daughters (in birth order) are:
SS HB X resides in the Keraton Yogyakarta complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate
Yogyakarta Sultanate
Yogyakarta Sultanate is a Javanese monarchy in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.-History:...
in Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, and is currently also the elected governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the modern Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Special Region. He was inaugurated on 3 October 1998.
During Dutch Colonialism prior to 1941, the governmental position of Governor was occupied by the Dutch-appointed Dutch Resident of Yogyakarta, with the Sultan maintaining a facade with merely ceremonial powers.
Due to special status granted to the Yogyakarta Region when the Republic of Indonesia was formed in 1945, in recognition of the late Hamengkubuwana IX's heroic support and role in the Indonesian War of Independence, the hereditary monarch was to hold the position of Provincial Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
. However, this provision was not honored by the Indonesian central government when Bendoro Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito ascended the throne in 1988 as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana X (SS HB X for brevity).
One of the two symbolically important banyan
Banyan
A banyan is a fig that starts its life as an epiphyte when its seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host tree...
trees, namely Kiai Dewandaru planted during the reign of SS HB I fell in the Alun-Alun Utara (northern Parade Square) coincidentally concurrently with the funerary rites of his late father SS HB IX, attributed by kejawen Javanese as a sign of immense grief of even the physical lands of the kingdom. The banyan
Banyan
A banyan is a fig that starts its life as an epiphyte when its seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host tree...
was replanted with approval of SS HB X although it is diminutive beside the centuries-old Kiai Wijayadaru on the east flank.
Under the Suharto regime, vice-governor Sri Paku Alam VIII
Sri Paku Alam VIII
Sri Paku Alam VIII was the son of Sri Paku Alam VII and Gusti Bendara Raden Ayu Retno Poewoso. His child name was Gusti Raden Mas Harya Sularso Kunto Sratno and his adult name was Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Prabu...
, prince of the subordinate enclave of Paku Alaman within Yogyakarta was instead (controversially) elevated to the position of governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
.
In 1998 the central government required an election be held for the post of Yogyakarta Governor and the 3rd of October 1998 SS HB X was democratically elected
Elected
Elected is the latest EP by Dutch Progressive metal project Ayreon. It was released on April 25, 2008 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and on April 28 in the rest of Europe...
by Yogyakarta Provincial electorate as Governor.
Background
SS HB X was a graduate of Public Administration at the Faculty of Law of Gajah Mada University in YogyakartaYogyakarta (city)
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to...
.
SS HB X was active as Chairman DIY KADINDAII (Business Association), Chairman of the DPD Golkar DIY (Golongan Karya Party Yogyakarta), Chairman of the DIY Sports Committee Chairman and Managing Director of PT Punokawan Construction, President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner, and in July 1996 was appointed Chairman of the DIY Expert Counsel to the Governor.
SS HB X followed the tradition of his late father Sri Sultan Hamengkubawana IX in the spirit of Indonesian Nationalism over self-interest by participating in street protests streets in support of the student demonstrations opposing Suharto's rule on May 14 of 1998, and like his illustrious father, wanted to be a pioneer in the Yogyakarta Reformation Movement albeit in a non-violent manner.
SS HB X was also one of the four key figures in the early reform period sparked Ciganjur Declaration urging the government to hold elections as soon as possible, because President BJ Habibie had neither Constitutional nor legal right to resume the presidency of Suharto who had just resigned.
SS HB X has stated his vision for his region and Sultanate is the development of science and technology, development of agriculture, tourism and world famous cultural industries and thus provide a fair and prosperous life to all his citizens.
SS HB X was nominated by popular choice, Golkar Yogyakarta Assembly as a Presidential Candidate for the 2009 Indonesian Presidential Election Campaign. SS HB X, though widely respected across all parties and nation-wide as neutral, honest and uncorrupted was ultimately unsuccessful in garnering support outside Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
and was unsuccessful to attain first round voting position.
Personal life
SS HB X has discontinued the polygamist tradition of Javanese royalty with kings having several wives and possible multiple concubines, as per his late father's wishes to modernize the royal system and thus women's rights, and to lead by example and is married to Queen consortQueen consort
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's rank and holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles. Historically, queens consort do not share the king regnant's political and military powers. Most queens in history were queens consort...
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu (GKR) Hemas.
Their five daughters (in birth order) are:
- Gusti Raden Ayu Nurmalitasari
- Gusti Raden Ayu Nurmagupita
- Gusti Raden Ayu Nurkamnari Dewi
- Gusti Raden Ayu Nurabra Juwita
- Gusti Raden Ayu Nurwijareni
SS HB X resides in the Keraton Yogyakarta complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.
Titles
In Javanese Kraton (palaces) - names of individuals change with respect to change in status:-- From birth until marriage: Bendoro Raden Mas (Flag Lord) Herjuno Darpito
- Post-nuptial until appointment as Crown Prince: Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo (KGPH) Mangkubumi
- As Heir ApparentHeir apparentAn heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting, except by a change in the rules of succession....
Crown Prince: Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya (KGPAA) Hamengku Negara Sudibyo Raja Putra Nalendra Mataram. - As Sultan: Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono Senapati ing Ngalogo Ngabdurrokhman Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang jumeneng kaping X