Simón de Anda y Salazar
Encyclopedia
Simón de Anda y Salazar (October 28, 1701 – October 30, 1776) was a Spanish Basque
governor of the Philippines
from July, 1770 to October 30, 1776.
of the Royal Audience of Manila
, who was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of the city by the Governor-General of the Philippines and the Audiencia itself during the British occupation of Manila. He departed Manila on October 4, 1762, two days before the city was captured by British forces, and established a new Spanish base in Bacolor, Pampanga
. The governor and capitan-general Archbishop Manuel Rojo, was captured by the British, and with the Real Audiencia ceded the islands to them.
. All early negotiation between him and the British forces proved unsuccessfully, as he returned unopened all letters sent to him that didn't address him as the legitimate Governor-General of the Philippines, something that the British refused to do until the death of Archbishop Rojo, on January 30, 1764.
On March 1764 orders were brought from both the king of England and the king of Spain by governor designate Brigadier Don Francisco de la Torre, requiring the handover of the city to Spain in accordance with the Treaty of Paris (1763)
. British Governor Drake was charged with culpability as governor but forestalled an adverse finding by resigning and leaving the Philippines on 29 March 1764. The Manila Council elected Alexander Dalrymple as governor the same day, but the Manila garrison would not obey him. On 1 April 1764 the Manila garrison ceremonially marched out, embarking for home, and giving the Spanish control of Manila with de la Torre as Governor and Captain-General of the Spanish Philippines.
(General courts), and made Councilor of Castile
by the King, in spite of having written a letter to him complaining of certain disorders in the Philippines, enumerating among them a number against the friars.
On April 12, 1768, he returned to the Philippines and by Royal Decree became Governor-General in July 1770. He proceeded against his predecessor, and other politicians, and roused the opposition and reformed the Spanish and Philippine army, and engaged in other public works. He opposed the king's order of November 9, 1774, to secularize the curacies held by regulars. After his death, the order was repealed on 11 December 1776.
De Anda y Salazar died on 30 October 1776, in the Hospital de San Felipe, in Cavite
at the age of 76 years old.
in Pampanga
, Anda
in Bohol
and Anda
in Pangasinan
were named after him. A street has also been named after him in the Basque capital of Vitoria
, close to his natal town of Subijana
.
Basque Country (historical territory)
The Basque Country is the name given to the home of the Basque people in the western Pyrenees that spans the border between France and Spain on the Atlantic coast....
governor of the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
from July, 1770 to October 30, 1776.
Oidor at the Royal Audience of Manila and Lieutenant Governor
De Anda y Salazar was an OidorOidor
Oidor is the Spanish name of the member judge of the Royal Audiencias and Chancillerías, originally courts of Kingdom of Castile, which became the highest organs of justice within the Spanish Empire...
of the Royal Audience of Manila
Royal Audience of Manila
The Royal Audience of Manila was the highest tribunal of the Spanish Empire with jurisdiction over all territories administered by the Captaincy General of the Philippines, an administrative unit that had been established in 1574 as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.The Governor-General...
, who was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of the city by the Governor-General of the Philippines and the Audiencia itself during the British occupation of Manila. He departed Manila on October 4, 1762, two days before the city was captured by British forces, and established a new Spanish base in Bacolor, Pampanga
Pampanga
Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the City of San Fernando, Pampanga. Pampanga is bordered by the provinces of Bataan and Zambales to the west, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija to the north, and Bulacan to the southeast...
. The governor and capitan-general Archbishop Manuel Rojo, was captured by the British, and with the Real Audiencia ceded the islands to them.
Resistance Movement
Anda organized resistance against the invaders and assumed military power supposedly on behalf of the Real AudienciaRoyal Audience of Manila
The Royal Audience of Manila was the highest tribunal of the Spanish Empire with jurisdiction over all territories administered by the Captaincy General of the Philippines, an administrative unit that had been established in 1574 as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.The Governor-General...
. All early negotiation between him and the British forces proved unsuccessfully, as he returned unopened all letters sent to him that didn't address him as the legitimate Governor-General of the Philippines, something that the British refused to do until the death of Archbishop Rojo, on January 30, 1764.
On March 1764 orders were brought from both the king of England and the king of Spain by governor designate Brigadier Don Francisco de la Torre, requiring the handover of the city to Spain in accordance with the Treaty of Paris (1763)
Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War...
. British Governor Drake was charged with culpability as governor but forestalled an adverse finding by resigning and leaving the Philippines on 29 March 1764. The Manila Council elected Alexander Dalrymple as governor the same day, but the Manila garrison would not obey him. On 1 April 1764 the Manila garrison ceremonially marched out, embarking for home, and giving the Spanish control of Manila with de la Torre as Governor and Captain-General of the Spanish Philippines.
Governor-General of the Philippines
Anda traveled to Spain, and was well received by the Cortes GeneralesCortes Generales
The Cortes Generales is the legislature of Spain. It is a bicameral parliament, composed of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate . The Cortes has power to enact any law and to amend the constitution...
(General courts), and made Councilor of Castile
Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval and modern state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne...
by the King, in spite of having written a letter to him complaining of certain disorders in the Philippines, enumerating among them a number against the friars.
On April 12, 1768, he returned to the Philippines and by Royal Decree became Governor-General in July 1770. He proceeded against his predecessor, and other politicians, and roused the opposition and reformed the Spanish and Philippine army, and engaged in other public works. He opposed the king's order of November 9, 1774, to secularize the curacies held by regulars. After his death, the order was repealed on 11 December 1776.
De Anda y Salazar died on 30 October 1776, in the Hospital de San Felipe, in Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
at the age of 76 years old.
Legacy
A monument to his legacy was erected on Bonifacio Drive in Manila, and the municipalities of San SimonSan Simon, Pampanga
San Simon is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 48,050 people in 7,680 households.-Barangays:San Simon is politically subdivided into 14 barangays.* Concepcion...
in Pampanga
Pampanga
Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the City of San Fernando, Pampanga. Pampanga is bordered by the provinces of Bataan and Zambales to the west, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija to the north, and Bulacan to the southeast...
, Anda
Anda, Bohol
Anda is a 5th class municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 16,616 people. Anda has sandy white beaches excellent for sun worshipers and snorkelers.-History:...
in Bohol
Bohol
Bohol is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, consisting of Bohol Island and 75 minor surrounding islands. Its capital is Tagbilaran City. With a land area of and a coastline long, Bohol is the tenth largest island of the Philippines...
and Anda
Anda, Pangasinan
Anda is a 4th class island-municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. The people of Anda generally speak Bolinao. The island is near the Hundred Islands, a popular tourist destination for its caves and beaches....
in Pangasinan
Pangasinan
Pangasinan is a province of the Republic of the Philippines. The provincial capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is located on the west central and peripheral area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf, with the total land area being 5,368.82 square kilometers . According to the latest census,...
were named after him. A street has also been named after him in the Basque capital of Vitoria
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Vitoria-Gasteiz is the capital city of the province of Álava and of the autonomous community of the Basque Country in northern Spain with a population of 235,661 people. It is the second largest Basque city...
, close to his natal town of Subijana
Subijana de Álava
Subijana de Álava is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain....
.
See also
- British occupation of Manila
- Royal Audience of ManilaRoyal Audience of ManilaThe Royal Audience of Manila was the highest tribunal of the Spanish Empire with jurisdiction over all territories administered by the Captaincy General of the Philippines, an administrative unit that had been established in 1574 as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.The Governor-General...
- History of the PhilippinesHistory of the PhilippinesThe history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. The first recorded visit from the West is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, who sighted Samar on March 16, 1521 and landed on Homonhon Island southeast of Samar...