Shapsugsky National District
Encyclopedia
Shapsugsky National District is a district that was established in 1924 as a national district for the Adyghe
(Shapsug) of the Black Sea
tribe witin the currently subject of Krasnodar Krai
in the Soviet Union
currently Russia
. and was abolished after the end of the Second World War in 1945.
in 1864 which lasted about a century between the Adyghe
who formed historical Circassia
and the Russian Empire
a major part of the Shapsugs
, who lived on the territory of modern Sochi
to Tuapse
in the North, were either killed in the Circassian Genocide or expelled to the Ottoman Empire
like the other Adyghe
tribes.
Because the Shapsugs were one of the most stubborn enemies of the Rssuain Empire
; they suffered more than the other Adyghe tribes, because they were with their alliance
s the last to surrender to the occupiers' army, and kept resisting the Russians in a holly war, even after the end of the Circassian Russian War
in 1864 and for more than 20 years.
As a result of the Tsars policy to kill the Mountaineers
in the Circassian Genocide or expelling them to the Ottoman Empire
, the remaining Shapsugs
who servived abandoned their remained coastal villages to the eastern mountains of the Shapsug to protect their selves against the tyranny of their occupiers the Zaporozhian cossacks -laterly their descendants renamed their selves Kuban Cossacks
and adopted the Circassians dress and uniform to falsify the history of the Kuban
and Circassia
and to depicts that the Kuban civilizations are related to the Cossacks not the Circassians (The indigenous dwellers of the North West Caucasus
) - and the Russians
. The other goal for settling the mountains was to keep resisting and striking against the Russians outpost in the Circassian coast.
When the Shapsugs felt that the resistance was impossible to carry on; due to the cut of the marine logistics
' lines and to the lack of weapons , they stopped resisting , and some of them went to the Kuban previously occupied settlements for other Adyghe
tribes and established their own villages. and the remaining returned back to their regions in the Circassian coast
; on the Black Sea
, and established newer one in the place of their previous burned villages between 1870-1880.
. The district contained around 3400 person from the Shapsugs
, and the center of the district was the coastal city of Tuapse
.
In the earlier year of 1925 the district was divided into 4 villages' councils, Kraboviski, Jail, Kalaj , and Pseshko. it area was around 462 square Kilometre.
In 1930 the center of the district was changed to Kalaj instead of Tuapse
, and the district again was divided into 8 villages' councils.
In 1945 the district was abolished and renamed lazarevskoy and to be part of Sochi
, however; the Shapsug called it instead of Lazarevskoy because their national district was named by the Russians based on one of the enemies of the Circassians Adyghe
nation , Mikhail Lazarev, who facilitated the invasion/capture over Circassia
, and put a siege over it during the Circassian Russian War
. taking into consideration that one of the Russians outpost to cut the military logistics lines named (former Lazarevskoye Fortress), which existed in 1839–1854.
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
(Shapsug) of the Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
tribe witin the currently subject of Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai
-External links:* **...
in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
currently Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. and was abolished after the end of the Second World War in 1945.
The History of the Region
After the end of the Circassian Russian WarRussian-Circassian War
The Russian–Circassian War refers to a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, which were part of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus lasting approximately 150 years, starting under the reign of Tsar Peter the Great and being completed in 1864...
in 1864 which lasted about a century between the Adyghe
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
who formed historical Circassia
Circassia
Circassia was an independent mountainous country located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia and was the largest and most important country in the Caucasus. Circassia was located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea...
and the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
a major part of the Shapsugs
Shapsugs
Shapsugs are a people/tribe of the Adyghe branch, who are currently living in Tuapsinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Republic of Adygea in Russia...
, who lived on the territory of modern Sochi
Sochi
Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains...
to Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. It serves as the administrative center of Tuapsinsky District, although administratively it is separate from it...
in the North, were either killed in the Circassian Genocide or expelled to the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
like the other Adyghe
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
tribes.
Because the Shapsugs were one of the most stubborn enemies of the Rssuain Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
; they suffered more than the other Adyghe tribes, because they were with their alliance
Alliance
An alliance is an agreement or friendship between two or more parties, made in order to advance common goals and to secure common interests.See also military alliance and business alliance.-International relations:...
s the last to surrender to the occupiers' army, and kept resisting the Russians in a holly war, even after the end of the Circassian Russian War
Russian-Circassian War
The Russian–Circassian War refers to a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, which were part of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus lasting approximately 150 years, starting under the reign of Tsar Peter the Great and being completed in 1864...
in 1864 and for more than 20 years.
As a result of the Tsars policy to kill the Mountaineers
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
in the Circassian Genocide or expelling them to the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, the remaining Shapsugs
Shapsugs
Shapsugs are a people/tribe of the Adyghe branch, who are currently living in Tuapsinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Republic of Adygea in Russia...
who servived abandoned their remained coastal villages to the eastern mountains of the Shapsug to protect their selves against the tyranny of their occupiers the Zaporozhian cossacks -laterly their descendants renamed their selves Kuban Cossacks
Kuban Cossacks
Kuban Cossacks or Kubanians are Cossacks who live in the Kuban region of Russia. Most of the Kuban Cossacks are of descendants of two major groups who were re-settled in the Western Northern Caucasus during the Caucasus War in the late 18th century...
and adopted the Circassians dress and uniform to falsify the history of the Kuban
Kuban
Kuban is a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga Delta and the Caucasus...
and Circassia
Circassia
Circassia was an independent mountainous country located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia and was the largest and most important country in the Caucasus. Circassia was located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea...
and to depicts that the Kuban civilizations are related to the Cossacks not the Circassians (The indigenous dwellers of the North West Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
) - and the Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
. The other goal for settling the mountains was to keep resisting and striking against the Russians outpost in the Circassian coast.
When the Shapsugs felt that the resistance was impossible to carry on; due to the cut of the marine logistics
Military logistics
Military logistics is the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of military forces. In its most comprehensive sense, it is those aspects or military operations that deal with:...
' lines and to the lack of weapons , they stopped resisting , and some of them went to the Kuban previously occupied settlements for other Adyghe
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
tribes and established their own villages. and the remaining returned back to their regions in the Circassian coast
Circassian Coast
Circassian Coast ; was the coast of historical Circassia on the Black Sea before 1864 , extending from Anapa in the North to Adler in the south, and including cities like Tuapse and Sochi....
; on the Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
, and established newer one in the place of their previous burned villages between 1870-1880.
The establishment of Shapsugsky National District
The Shapsugsky Nation District was established on the 6th of September 1924 in the era of the Soviet UnionCCCP
CCCP is a Russian abbreviation for the Soviet Union.CCCP may also refer to:* Combined Community Codec Pack, a filter pack developed for Microsoft Windows to play back rich multimedia content* Central Committee of the Communist Party...
. The district contained around 3400 person from the Shapsugs
Shapsugs
Shapsugs are a people/tribe of the Adyghe branch, who are currently living in Tuapsinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Republic of Adygea in Russia...
, and the center of the district was the coastal city of Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. It serves as the administrative center of Tuapsinsky District, although administratively it is separate from it...
.
In the earlier year of 1925 the district was divided into 4 villages' councils, Kraboviski, Jail, Kalaj , and Pseshko. it area was around 462 square Kilometre.
In 1930 the center of the district was changed to Kalaj instead of Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. It serves as the administrative center of Tuapsinsky District, although administratively it is separate from it...
, and the district again was divided into 8 villages' councils.
In 1945 the district was abolished and renamed lazarevskoy and to be part of Sochi
Sochi
Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains...
, however; the Shapsug called it instead of Lazarevskoy because their national district was named by the Russians based on one of the enemies of the Circassians Adyghe
Adyghe people
The Adyghe or Adygs , also often known as Circassians or Cherkess, are in origin a North Caucasian ethnic groupwho were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1862.Adyghe people mostly speak Adyghe and most...
nation , Mikhail Lazarev, who facilitated the invasion/capture over Circassia
Circassia
Circassia was an independent mountainous country located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia and was the largest and most important country in the Caucasus. Circassia was located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea...
, and put a siege over it during the Circassian Russian War
Russian-Circassian War
The Russian–Circassian War refers to a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, which were part of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus lasting approximately 150 years, starting under the reign of Tsar Peter the Great and being completed in 1864...
. taking into consideration that one of the Russians outpost to cut the military logistics lines named (former Lazarevskoye Fortress), which existed in 1839–1854.