Shankill, Dublin
Encyclopedia
Shankill is a suburb in the South-East of Dublin located in Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County, Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...

. It has a population of 13,242 (2006 census).

History

Name

The name Shankill is believed to derive from either the Irish Sean Chill, meaning Old Church or from the Irish Sean Choill, meaning Old Wood.

Dark Ages

Shankill features a number of antiquities, including ráth
Ringfort
Ringforts are circular fortified settlements that were mostly built during the Iron Age , although some were built as late as the Early Middle Ages . They are found in Northern Europe, especially in Ireland...

s and cromlech
Cromlech
Cromlech is a Brythonic word used to describe prehistoric megalithic structures, where crom means "bent" and llech means "flagstone". The term is now virtually obsolete in archaeology, but remains in use as a colloquial term for two different types of megalithic monument.In English it usually...

s. Around 1230, there were forests that were cleared under the orders of the then owner of Shankill, Archbishop Luke. Courts for serious crimes in the style of assizes were conducted at Shankill during this period. To keep the native Gaelic Irish out fortified gates protected parts of the townland.

The manor of Shankill was overrun by the Irish and completely destroyed a century later. In response to these incursions, a large garrison was re-instated. The Irish were restrained from entering and the land was eventually re-let as grazing land.

Middle Ages

The Lawless family feature prominently in the history of Shankill. In 1408, family members had control of the seigniory of Shanganagh. Several Lawlesses became residents of Shankill by the 1480s.

Several castles which still stand today, Shankill Castle and Shanganagh Castle, as well as a strong house, called Puck's Castle, were built between 1400 and 1600. The Walsh family comes to prominence in the 16th century, building defensive structures throughout Shankill.

From 1640 onwards, the Irish were subdued in numerous battles, which led to greater agricultural use of the lands and consequent prosperity. Shankill was taken into the Rathmichael parish, becoming more populous.

The Walshes quit the lands of Shankill, primarily due to the Act of Commonwealth that redistributed landowners and tenancies. After this, the Lawless families regained possession for the third time of all of Shankill. The last Lawless died in 1795, whereupon the lands became the possessions of the third Sir William Domvile, resident of nearby Loughlinstown House. The Domvile family was granted the lands surrounding Loughlinstown under the Restoration.

19th century

Shankill and Rathmichael were at that time the property of Sir Charles Compton William Domvile (1822–1884). Domvile was known as an uncompromising and ruthless property owner, and sought to change the usage of land from the smallholdings that existed at the time of his inheritance of the estate.

Domvile intended to build grand Georgian
Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I of Great Britain, George II of Great Britain, George III of the United...

 style housing developments, squares and streets, to gentrify the area, making it attractive for wealthy Dublin based professionals to live. At this time, Shankill was a rural village.

During Domvile’s time new roads and streets were laid out, as well as water mains which feed a relief tank from Vartry Reservoir
Vartry Reservoir
Vartry Reservoir is a reservoir at Roundwood in County Wicklow, Ireland. The water is piped from Vartry to a large open service reservoir in Stillorgan in the southern suburbs of Dublin. The reservoir is operated by Dublin City Council....

, continuing on to Stillorgan
Stillorgan
Stillorgan , formerly a village in its own right, is now a suburban area of Dublin in Ireland. Stillorgan is located in Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County, and contains many housing estates, shops and other facilities, with the old village centre still present...

 reservoir.

However, Domvile was an impetuous man, and acted unreasonably with his tenants and prospective buyers of estates on his holdings. His personal debts mounted as a result of his financing two large estates at Shankill and Santry
Santry
Santry is a suburb on the Northside of Dublin, Ireland, bordering Coolock, Glasnevin and Ballymun. Today it straddles the boundary of Dublin City and Fingal County Council area....

, ultimately resulting in his bankruptcy.

The net outcome of Domvile’s actions was to halve the population of Shankill and Rathmichael during the 1860s. He evicted over 100 tenants, during a period of grinding poverty, and many were forced to re-negotiate their tenancies at usurious rates. Many of the evicted ended up in the local workhouse, the Rathdown Work Union, which is now the site of Loughlinstown Hospital.

A landowner with holdings adjacent to the Shankill townland, Benjamin Tilly, granted quarter-acre holdings to several of the evicted tenants. Tilly’s land straddled the townland border into Shanganagh, and the new holdings along the Shanganagh Road became known as Tillystown. In 1871, there were over 60 houses, and at the turn of the century, this village became known as Shankill proper.

In 1911, a large tract of land to the west of Shankill, known as New Vale, was developed as labourers' cottages.

20th, 21st centuries

Shankill initially comprised large agricultural tracts broken into smallholdings for tenant farmers, and larger, grander estates with fine country houses, many which still exist today. Large housing estates have been built on many of these estates, of varying size and quality. Recently, tracts of land such as the caravan park and young offenders prison have been sold to developers, who have built higher density housing than the larger plot housing estates constructed in the 1970s.

There are a large number of local authority housing developments, notably Rathsallagh and Shanganagh Cliffs estates, located near Shankill DART station, stretching to the coastline. Smaller developments are also found on Quinn's Road.

In recent times, several property developers have purchased adjacent large houses with the intention of developing apartment complexes.

Geography

The townland of Shankill was originally located on lands further northwest at Puck’s Castle. Today, the area of Shankill is sometimes taken to include both Shankill proper and Rathmichael
Rathmichael
Rathmichael is a suburb in the south-east of Dublin in the county of Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown. It is situated west of Shankill from which it is separated by the M50/M11 motorways.-Location and nature:...

(though historically Shankill was absorbed into Rathmichael parish, not vice versa), an area of around 6.5 square kilometres (1,606.2 acre).

The townlands are bordered roughly by the points between Carrickgollogan
Carrickgollogan
Carrickgollogan is a hill in Dublin in the Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown administrative county in Ireland. It is high and rises above the village of Shankill on the eastern edge of the Dublin Mountains. Its summit is noted for the panoramic views it offers of south Dublin and north Wicklow. The author...

 hill (278m) to the west, the Ballycorus Leadmines to the northwest, Loughlinstown
Loughlinstown
Loughlinstown is a south Dublin suburb. Located in the County of Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown it lies on the N11 National Primary Route.Loughlinstown is the location of St. Columcille's Hospital, which serves both south Dublin and north Wicklow...

 hospital to the north, stretching to the coast from Rathsallagh River to the southern boundary of Tyrell’s land.

The modern Shankill centre consists primarily of a single Main street, with many amenities such as shops, a pub, cafe, restaurants, and other services. This is located on the road between Shankill church (St. Anne's) and Bray
Bray
Bray is a town in north County Wicklow, Ireland. It is a busy urban centre and seaside resort, with a population of 31,901 making it the fourth largest in Ireland as of the 2006 census...

.

To the north of modern Shankill is Killiney
Killiney
Killiney is a suburb of Dublin in south County Dublin, Ireland. It is within the administrative area of Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County. The area is by the coast, south of neighbouring Dalkey, and north to Shankill area in the most southern outskirt of Dublin....

, with its prominent hill, to the south, the large town of Bray
Bray
Bray is a town in north County Wicklow, Ireland. It is a busy urban centre and seaside resort, with a population of 31,901 making it the fourth largest in Ireland as of the 2006 census...

, County Wicklow
County Wicklow
County Wicklow is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Mid-East Region and is also located in the province of Leinster. It is named after the town of Wicklow, which derives from the Old Norse name Víkingalág or Wykynlo. Wicklow County Council is the local authority for the county...

.

Local antiquities and features

There are several antiquities in the area, including ruined churches and standing stones. The ruins of several castles and defensive type structures remain; including Puck's Castle, Shankill Castle, Shanganagh Castle and a Martello Tower
Martello tower
Martello towers are small defensive forts built in several countries of the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the Napoleonic Wars onwards....

.

Some houses of architectural note include Clontra, a coastal Gothic mansion, Crinken Castle House, Crinken, and Shanganagh House, an imposing mansion now surrounded by housing estates built during the 1960s. Clontra was built for Dublin barrister James Anthony Lawson QC (later Attorney General of Ireland, Judge of the High Court and Privy Councillor) and designed by eminent 19th century architects Sir Thomas Newenham Deane and Benjamin Woodward
Benjamin Woodward
Benjamin Woodward was an Irish architect who, in partnership with Sir Thomas Newenham Deane, designed a number of buildings in Dublin....

 in their trademark Italian medieval style. They are better known for their work on the Kildare Street Club
Kildare Street Club
The Kildare Street Club was a gentlemen's club in Dublin, Ireland, at the heart of the Anglo-Irish Protestant Ascendancy.The Club remained in Kildare Street between 1782 and 1977, when it merged with the Dublin University Club...

 and the museum building at Trinity College, Dublin
Trinity College, Dublin
Trinity College, Dublin , formally known as the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, was founded in 1592 by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I as the "mother of a university", Extracts from Letters Patent of Elizabeth I, 1592: "...we...found and...

. The local library is itself of note, formerly a courthouse built in an old Victorian
Victorian architecture
The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...

 style of granite and mock Tudor features. There are also some folly
Folly
In architecture, a folly is a building constructed primarily for decoration, but either suggesting by its appearance some other purpose, or merely so extravagant that it transcends the normal range of garden ornaments or other class of building to which it belongs...

s such as a mock round tower built of red brick in the Castle Farm Farmyard.

Traces of South Dublin's industrial heritage remain, such as the lead mine chimney. Other features of note include the 'upside down' houses by the Harcourt Street railway line bridge, which was the site of the original post office, and has its guest rooms downstairs, and its kitchen and living room upstairs. Shankill was accessible via the original Kingstown-Bray train line, which is now five metres from the sea in some places. A coastal wall was built from Killiney to Bray to try to stop the erosion; traces of this can still be seen along the beach. The medieval village of Longnon was sited some 200 yards (182.9 m) east of Quinn’s Road beach, but was completely obliterated by coastal erosion.

Ballycorus Leadmines

Site of a lead ore smelter, a mile long stone flue and a granite chimney on Carrickgollogan hill, which is visible from much of southeast Dublin.

Dorney Court

Originally called Clare Mount, built c. 1832, this fine Victorian house was demolished in 1984. Now the site of Shankill Garda Station. The grounds still contain a few Sequoia and Scots Pine
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris, commonly known as the Scots Pine, is a species of pine native to Europe and Asia, ranging from Scotland, Ireland and Portugal in the west, east to eastern Siberia, south to the Caucasus Mountains, and as far north as well inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia...

 trees following the felling of many of them in 1984.

Clonasleigh

Clonasleigh, a house replaced by the Shankill Shopping Centre (now mostly closed), was lived in by Frederick W. Meredith, once President of the Law Society, in the early 1900's. The house name has been retained locally in Clonasleigh, a road with 16 houses, off Corbawn Lane, located close to the original house.

Clontra

Gothic mansion designed by Deane and Woodward, 1860, interior murals by John Hungerford Pollen
John Hungerford Pollen (senior)
John Hungerford Pollen was an English artist and writer on crafts and furniture.-Life:He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. He was ordained as an Anglican priest in 1845, with a parish in Leeds from 1847, writing of his experiences.He became a Catholic convert and left the...

. On 15 acres (60,702.9 m²) of parkland by the coast, adjacent to Corbawn Wood estate.

Puck’s Castle

The "castle,” actually a fortified house, was built in the late 16th century. It provided a refuge in 1690 for James II
James II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...

 and his army fleeing the Battle of the Boyne
Battle of the Boyne
The Battle of the Boyne was fought in 1690 between two rival claimants of the English, Scottish and Irish thronesthe Catholic King James and the Protestant King William across the River Boyne near Drogheda on the east coast of Ireland...

. One explanation for its name is that a ghost or puca inhabited the castle.

Rosedale and Locksley

Twin Victorian country houses, built by Guinness master brewer Perry in the early 1860s.

Shanganagh Castle

Located near Mill Lane, built in 1408 by the Lawless family and inhabited by their descendants until 1763, the castle was left in ruins by a fire in 1783.

During the late 18th century, a mansion of the same name was rebuilt on extensive lands at the border of Shankill with County Wicklow. It was used as an open prison
Open prison
An open prison is an informal description applied to any penal establishment in which the prisoners are trusted to serve their sentences with minimal supervision and perimeter security and so do not need to be locked up in prison cells...

 for juveniles between 1969 and 2002.

Shanganagh House

Later called Shanganagh Park, this Georgian-era mansion was built c. 1823 for William Hopper. Later residents included the Darcy brewing family and racehorse breeder Frank Field. It was compulsorily purchased by Dublin Co. Council
Dublin County Council
Dublin County Council was a local authority for the administrative county of County Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. It was established by the Local Government Act 1898....

 in 1970 and it now serves as a community centre
Community centre
Community centres or community centers or jumping recreation centers are public locations where members of a community tend to gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may sometimes be open for the whole community or for a specialised group within...

 and is surrounded by late 1970s council houses.

Shankill Castle

Built by Archbishop Henry de Loundres
Henry de Loundres
Henry de Loundres was an Anglo-Norman churchman who was Archbishop of Dublin, from 1213 to 1228. He was an influential figure in the reign of John of England, an administrator and loyalist to the king, and is mentioned in the text of the Magna Carta, the terms of which he helped to negotiate.He...

 in 1229; site of the ancient Shankill church. It is one of the oldest surviving structures in the area.

Rathmichael Church

Commissioned by Charles Domvile in 1860, designed by Benjamin Woodward, in the Hiberno-Romanesque style. The Domviles had their own high-backed chairs, behind red velvet curtains.

Amenities

Sporting options in the area include Three soccer teams, Shankill FC, which caters for schoolboy and schoolgirl football, Valeview Shankill fc who cater for senior football and RSFC who cater for junior football. There is also a Bowling Club with an all-weather surface.

Shankill Tennis Club, which opened a new €940,000 clubhouse during 2007, is located at the bottom of Quinn's Road.

The trailhead
Trailhead
A trailhead is the point at which a trail begins, where the trail is often intended for hiking, biking, horseback riding, or off-road vehicles...

 of the Dublin Mountains Way
Dublin Mountains Way
The Dublin Mountains Way is a waymarked long-distance trail in the Dublin Mountains, County Dublin, Ireland. The route is approximately long and runs from Shankill in the East to Tallaght in the West...

, a long distance walking route (43km trail) across the Dublin Mountains between Shankill in the east and Tallaght
Tallaght
Tallaght is the largest town, and county town, of South Dublin County, Ireland. The village area, dating from at least the 17th century, held one of the earliest settlements known in the southern part of the island, and one of medieval Ireland's more important monastic centres.Up to the 1960s...

 in the west begins in front of Brady's pub on the Main Street.

There is one pub-restaurant complex in Shankill; Brady's of Shankill, located on the Main Street. Brady's comprises a large lounge and a public bar (Mickey Byrne's). Above the pub is a Chinese restaurant, Grace's Garden. Adjacent to Brady's is Cafe Solo, a small cafe/eaterie. Shankill is also served by two grocery and convenience stores. The local credit union
Credit union
A credit union is a cooperative financial institution that is owned and controlled by its members and operated for the purpose of promoting thrift, providing credit at competitive rates, and providing other financial services to its members...

 has a substantial office on the main street. There is also a public library, and until recently, Shankill featured one of Dublin's few remaining campgrounds, the site of which has since been developed into an apartment complex.

Shankill recently won the national 'Best Urban Village Award' and two other awards in the Tidy Towns
Irish Tidy Towns Competition
Tidy Towns is an annual competition, first held in 1958, organised by the Irish Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government in order to honour the tidiest and most attractive cities, towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland...

 Competition. Efforts are ongoing by a very active committee and residents alike, to improve the appearance and quality of the local environment.

Education

Shankill has three primary schools: Saint Anne's National School and Scoil Mhuire (both Roman Catholic), and Rathmichael Parish School (Church of Ireland).

Religion

Shankll has a Roman Catholic church (St Anne's); and two Church of Ireland (Anglican) churches at opposite ends of the area, Crinken (to the South), and Rathmichael
Rathmichael
Rathmichael is a suburb in the south-east of Dublin in the county of Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown. It is situated west of Shankill from which it is separated by the M50/M11 motorways.-Location and nature:...

 (to the West).

Transport

Dublin Bus
Dublin Bus
Dublin Bus is a public transport operator in Ireland. It operates an extensive bus network of 172 radial, cross-city and peripheral routes and 18 night routes in the city of Dublin and the Greater Dublin Area. The company, established in 1987, is a subsidiary of Córas Iompair Éireann which is...

 routes 7b, 45, and 145 connect the area with the city centre, the 84 connects the area to UCD Campus, and the 45A with Dun Laoghaire
Dún Laoghaire
Dún Laoghaire or Dún Laoire , sometimes anglicised as "Dunleary" , is a suburban seaside town in County Dublin, Ireland, about twelve kilometres south of Dublin city centre. It is the county town of Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County and a major port of entry from Great Britain...

.

The Aircoach
Aircoach
Aircoach is a Republic of Ireland based subsidiary company of the United Kingdom based FirstGroup. It provides airport bus express coach services from Cork, Greystones, Bray, South Dublin and Dublin City Centre to Dublin Airport. It also operates contracted bus service for airport car parks...

 service to Dublin Airport from Greystones calls at Mickey Byrne's Bar (aka Brady's) in Shankill, en route to the airport.

The other Shankill

Like its namesake, the Shankill district of Belfast
Belfast
Belfast is the capital of and largest city in Northern Ireland. By population, it is the 14th biggest city in the United Kingdom and second biggest on the island of Ireland . It is the seat of the devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly...

, Dublin's Shankill also has its own Falls Road. Occasionally the primary schools and community groups in both Shankills hold football or other sporting events to promote better North-South relationships. Shankill (Co. Dublin) native Charlie Martin
Charlie Martin
Charles Edward Capel Martin was an auto racing driver from Wales.- Early career :...

 received an honorary MBE
MBE
MBE can stand for:* Mail Boxes Etc.* Management by exception* Master of Bioethics* Master of Bioscience Enterprise* Master of Business Engineering* Master of Business Economics* Mean Biased Error...

 in April 2006 for his work in this field.

People

  • Pádraig Harrington
    Padraig Harrington
    Pádraig P. Harrington is an Irish professional golfer who plays on The European Tour and The PGA Tour. He has won three major championships: The Open Championship in 2007 and 2008 and the PGA Championship, also in 2008.-Background:...

    , Three time major winner.
  • Eamon Gilmore
    Eamon Gilmore
    Eamon Gilmore is an Irish Labour Party politician and the current Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade. He has been the Leader of the Labour Party since September 2007, and a Teachta Dála for the Dún Laoghaire constituency since 1989, first with the Workers' Party of Ireland, and...

     Leader of the Irish Labour Party and Tánaiste (2011).
  • Des Cahill
    Des Cahill
    Desmond 'Des' Cahill is an Irish sports presenter and commentator with national broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann. He presents a daily radio programme called Drivetime Sport on RTÉ Radio 1, while on television he has presented The Sunday Game, The Road to Croker, Play It Again, Des, and Up for...

    , RTÉ
    RTE
    RTÉ is the abbreviation for Raidió Teilifís Éireann, the public broadcasting service of the Republic of Ireland.RTE may also refer to:* Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, 25th Prime Minister of Turkey...

     sports commentator and pundit.
  • George Morrison
    George Morrison (documentary maker)
    George Morrison is an Irish director of film documentaries. His works include Mise Éire and Saoirse?.Morrison was born in Tramore, Co. Waterford. His mother was an actress at Dublin's Gate Theatre, while his father worked as a neurological anaesthetist...

    , director of Mise Éire
    Mise Éire
    Mise Éire is a 1912 Irish-language poem by the Irish poet and Republican revolutionary leader Patrick Pearse. In the poem, Pearse personifies Ireland as an old woman whose glory is past and who has been sold by her children. The poem inspired a 1959 film of the same name by George Morrison and a...

    and other documentaries.
  • Kevin Burns
    Kevin Burns
    Kevin Burns is an American television and film producer, director, and screenwriter. His work can be seen on A&E, National Geographic Channel, E!, Animal Planet, AMC, Bravo, Travel Channel, Lifetime, and The History Channel.-Early life:...

    , RTÉ producer.
  • Anthony Murnane, RTÉ Deputy Foreign Editor

Transport

There is a DART Dublin Area Rapid Transit
Dublin Area Rapid Transit
The Dublin Area Rapid Transit is part of the suburban railway network in Ireland, running mainly along the coastline of Dublin Bay on the Trans-Dublin route, from Greystones in County Wicklow, through Dublin to Howth and Malahide in County Dublin.Trains are powered via a 1500V DC overhead catenary...

 station
Shankill railway station
Shankill railway station serves Shankill, Dublin in County Dublin, Ireland. It is served by DART light suburban rail services, and at peak times it is served by commuter trains. It is not served by Inter City services....

 located in Shankill; it is the third-last stop on the south side of the line. The old Harcourt Street railway line also connected close to Shankill centre. The Dublin Transportation Office
Dublin Transportation Office
The Dublin Transportation Office was a government agency, formed in 1996, which provides transport and land use advice to organisations operating in the Greater Dublin Area. It had relatively limited powers and is not a full transport authority...

's 'Platform for Change' strategy envisaged reopening this as a metro
Rapid transit
A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...

 connection, connecting with the existing Luas
Luas
Luas , also promoted in the development stage as the Dublin Light Rail System, is a tram or light rail system serving Dublin, the first such system in the decades since the closure of the last of the Dublin tramways. In 2007, the system carried 28.4 million passengers, a growth of 10% since...

 green line. However, the recently announced Luas
Luas
Luas , also promoted in the development stage as the Dublin Light Rail System, is a tram or light rail system serving Dublin, the first such system in the decades since the closure of the last of the Dublin tramways. In 2007, the system carried 28.4 million passengers, a growth of 10% since...

 line B2 extension will instead now run parallel to the M11, not through Shankill on the old railway alignment. The nearest Luas stop is the terminus at Bride's Glen, Loughlinstown.

The N11 national route used to run through the Shankill, until the M11 bypass was built nearby.

External links

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