Shah Waliullah
Encyclopedia
Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlvi (February 21, 1703 – August 20, 1762) was an Islamic scholar and reformer. He was born during the reign of Aurangzeb
. He worked for the revival of Muslim
rule and intellectual learning in South Asia
, during a time of waning Muslim
power. He despised the divisions and deviations within Islam and its practice in India
and hoped to "purify" the religion and unify all Indian Muslims under the "banner of truth". He is also thought to have anticipated a number of progressive
, social
, economic, and political ideas of the modern era such as social reform, equal rights, labour protection, welfare entitlement of all to food, clothing, housing, etc.
on his paternal side. His father, Shah Abdur Rahim
, named his son 'Qutbuddin Ahmad'. He was dubbed as 'Shah Waliullah' because waliullah means "friend of God" and he was a pious individual. He was from the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah
and was an adherent of Hanafi
jurisprudence. His complete name was Shah Waliullah Qutbuddin Ahmad and he was born in Phulat, a town in Muzaffarnagar
, Uttar Pradesh
, India
on February 21, 1703.
. His father was his teacher and source of spiritual guidance.He was a man of letters. He commenced his studies at the age of five and completed the recitation and memorization of the Qur'an
by the age of seven. Thereafter, he commenced primary lessons in Persian
and Arabic, which were completed in a year. Then, he studied the grammar
and syntax
of Persian and Arabic. He completed his studies in philosophy
and theology
at the age of fifteen and then commenced his studies in mantiq, fiqh
, hadith
, tibb
, algebra
, mathematics
, kalaam, spirituality
, mysticism, oratory
and metaphysics
under his father. Thereafter, he was inducted into the tradition of bay'at by his father and, by the age of seventeen, he was permitted to provide spiritual guidance to and reform his fellow Muslims.
On the death of his father when he was hardly seventeen years old, he became a mudarris (teacher) at Madrasa Rahimiyya
. He held this position for twelve years. Then, in 1731, Shah Waliullah performed Hajj
. He reached Makkah on May 21 and performed Hajj
, after which he proceeded to Medina
. There, he attended Shaikh Abu Tahir Muhammad bin Ibrahim Kurdi Madani's discourses on hadith
. Shah Waliullah studied Sihah Sitta, Mu'atta Imam Malik, Masnad Da'armi, and Imam Muhammad's Al A'saar under him. Thereafter, he returned to Makkah, performed another Hajj
, studied Al-Muwatta Imam Malik for a second time under Shaikh Wafadullah Maliki Makki, and attended the discourses of Shaikh Tajuddin Hanafi Qala'i Makki on Sihah Sitta. Then, he was permitted to teach all of the kitabs of hadith
by Shaikh Tajuddin.
Thereafter, Shah Waliullah returned to India
. His journey back to India lasted six months and he reached Delhi
on January 1, 1733.
, he started his work in earnest. This was in a period when Muslims in India were passing through the most critical phase of their history and their entire social, political, economic and spiritual fabric was torn to pieces. On his arrival in Delhi, he started to train his pupils in diverse branches of Islam and entrusted them with the mission of enlightening people with the true nature of Islam. He embarked upon the task of authoring standard works on Islam and was able to complete a number of works on Islam.
Shah Waliullah rose to be an eminent scholar of Islamic studies
. He was a prominent intellectual figure whose mission was to reform the Muslims he saw as misguided. His activities were not confined to spiritual and intellectual spheres only. He lived in troubled times and witnessed a number of rulers occupying the throne of Delhi. With his keen political insight, he observed the deterioration of Muslim rule in India and wrote to a number of political dignitaries to attempt to bolster the political life of Muslims in India. He established several branches of Madrasa Rahimiyya
in Delhi in order to effectively disseminate his knowledge.
. Some of these are still unsurpassed in the domain of Islamic literature
. His most valuable service to Islam was that he codified the vast store of Islam
under separate heads. Both in thought and prediction, his works occupy an outstanding position.
His works can be classified into six categories. The first deals with the Qur'an
. It includes his translation of the Qur'an into Persian
. According to him, the object of studying the Qur'an is to reform human nature and correct wrong beliefs and injurious actions. The second category deals with hadith
, in which he has left behind several works such as commentaries on Al-Muwatta Imam Malik in both Arabic and Persian. Shah Waliullah also wrote a number of works and pamphlets on hadith
. The third category deals with fiqh
or Islamic jurisprudence, which includes lnsaaf fi Bayaan-e-Sahoobul Ikhtilaf, a brief yet informative history of Islamic jurisprudence over the five centuries before his life. The fourth category deals with mysticism
. The fifth category pertains to his works on Muslim philosophy and kalaam. He also wrote a pamphlet on the principles of ijtihad (independent interpretation) and taqlid (conformity). In his principles of ijtihad, he clarifies whether it is obligatory for a Muslim to adhere to one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence or whether he can exercise his own judgment. Shah Waliullah's greatest work is Hujjatullahil Baligha, which deals with such aspects of Islam that are common among all of the Muslim countries. The sixth category deals with his works on the problems between Shias and Sunnis. His theories pertaining to economics and socialism are of revolutionary nature. The miserable condition of Indian Muslims inspired him to improve their character, raise their morale, and inculcate a feeling of selflessness and love for their fellows in them. He overhauled the educational system and separated faith from unlawful invented traditions and unnecessary and unwanted suspicions regarding Islam. He presented what he considered pure and pristine Islam to people.(1976)
1. Fathur Rahman fi Tarjumatul Qur’an: A translation of the Qur'an
into Persian
. A collection of 40 ahadith which are brief yet of inclusive character.
2. Al Faudhul Kabir fi Usoolut Tafsir: A booklet in Persian that follows his Persian translation of the Qur'an. It contains the nucleus of the Qur'an, the rules of interpretation, and interpretations of the Qur'an by various eminent scholars.
3. Hujjatullahil Baligha: Shah Waliullah's greatest literary work. Its title is derived from the Qur'an (Suratul An'aam:149). It is a two-volume Arabic manuscript and elaborates about the jurisprudence from the hadith
and necessities of the Shari’a.
A partial list of the rest of his works is as follows:
Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa
(Persian)
At Tayyabul Naghm fi Madh-e-Sayyidul Arab wal Ajam (Arabic): A collection of odes eulogizing Muhammad, which display Shah Waliullah's poetic talent and love towards Muhammad.
Altaaful Quds (Persian): This work deals with esoteric principles of mysticism.
Al Imdad fi Ma'athirul Ajdaad (Persian): A brochure outlining Shah Waliullah’s genealogical table and containing brief notices about some of his ancestors.
'Tuhftatul Muwahidin' & al Balagh al Mubin are full text forgeries in the name of Shah Waliyullah Dehlavi. Prof.J.N. Jalbani wrote that he had gone through this book and understood that , though this book bears some resemblance to the style of Shah Waliyullahi Dehlawi,it is a clear case of attribution.
[Life of shah .p 41]
http://www.amazon.com/Life-Shah-Wali-Allah-Jalbani/dp/8171513700.
http://www.amazon.com/Muslim-Shrines-India-Character-Significance/dp/0195664272
The whole nation participates in the production of wealth, so the wealth should be distributed throughout the whole nation. He established the principles for distribution of wealth among the people as well as the value of a fair method for wealth consumption. This economic system would be successful in establishing the principles of these four branches.
The first principle is that people living in specific geographic boundaries have the right over the resources of that area. That economic system in which all the people are equal provides that no single person or specific class can control the resources unilaterally. He has narrated Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique in Aizaalatul Khifa “Equality is better in economics than giving priority to one group over another.
The second principle is that every individual should have the right to limited personal property ownership since the abilities of every individual is different. Not that the whole nation should have same clothing, food and houses.
The third principle is that any practice which concentrates wealth in certain hands will not be tolerated and the system will oppose it.
The fourth principle is that such a balance should be maintained so that society may develop as a whole.
Shah Waliullah proposed the creation of a party on such principles which would end the outmoded system and would build a new system which ensures the development of society as a whole.
Muhaddis Dehlvi, Shah Rafiuddin, Shah Abdul Qadir, and Shah Abdul Ghani.
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
. He worked for the revival of Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
rule and intellectual learning in South Asia
South Asia
South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries to the west and the east...
, during a time of waning Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
power. He despised the divisions and deviations within Islam and its practice in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and hoped to "purify" the religion and unify all Indian Muslims under the "banner of truth". He is also thought to have anticipated a number of progressive
Progressivism
Progressivism is an umbrella term for a political ideology advocating or favoring social, political, and economic reform or changes. Progressivism is often viewed by some conservatives, constitutionalists, and libertarians to be in opposition to conservative or reactionary ideologies.The...
, social
Social
The term social refers to a characteristic of living organisms...
, economic, and political ideas of the modern era such as social reform, equal rights, labour protection, welfare entitlement of all to food, clothing, housing, etc.
Lineage & Early Life
Shah Waliullah is a descendent of the Quraish tribe of Arabia and his genealogy can be traced to the second khalifa of Islam, UmarUmar
`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c. 2 November , was a leading companion and adviser to the Islamic prophet Muhammad who later became the second Muslim Caliph after Muhammad's death....
on his paternal side. His father, Shah Abdur Rahim
Shah Abdur Rahim
Shah Abdur Rahim was a sufi and a scholar who assisted in the compilation of Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, the voluminous code of Islamic law. He was the father of the Muslim philosopher Shah Waliullah...
, named his son 'Qutbuddin Ahmad'. He was dubbed as 'Shah Waliullah' because waliullah means "friend of God" and he was a pious individual. He was from the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah
Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah
Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah, Ahle Sunnat Wal Jama'at and other variants may refer to:* Sunni Islam, the majority sect of Islam* Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , an Islamic organisation operating in the United Kingdom...
and was an adherent of Hanafi
Hanafi
The Hanafi school is one of the four Madhhab in jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. The Hanafi madhhab is named after the Persian scholar Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man ibn Thābit , a Tabi‘i whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani...
jurisprudence. His complete name was Shah Waliullah Qutbuddin Ahmad and he was born in Phulat, a town in Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar is a major city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was established in Mughal period by a Sayyid Jagirdar, Munawar Lashkar Ali, and so named in honour of his father, Muzaffar Ali Khan. It is the headquarters of the Muzaffarnagar district. It is a...
, Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
on February 21, 1703.
Education
Shah Waliullah received his education at Madrasa RahimiyyaMadrasa Rahimiyya
Madrasa Rahimiyya was an Islamic teaching centre located in Delhi. It was founded by Shah Abdur Rahim during 18th century. Shah Abdur Rahim was the father of Shah Waliullah. It was the institution where Shah Waliullah and Syed Ahmad Barelvi got their education...
. His father was his teacher and source of spiritual guidance.He was a man of letters. He commenced his studies at the age of five and completed the recitation and memorization of the Qur'an
Qur'an
The Quran , also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Alcoran, Qur’ān, Coran, Kuran, and al-Qur’ān, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God . It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language...
by the age of seven. Thereafter, he commenced primary lessons in Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
and Arabic, which were completed in a year. Then, he studied the grammar
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...
and syntax
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of the principles and rules for constructing phrases and sentences in natural languages....
of Persian and Arabic. He completed his studies in philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
and theology
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
at the age of fifteen and then commenced his studies in mantiq, fiqh
Fiqh
Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the code of conduct expounded in the Quran, often supplemented by tradition and implemented by the rulings and interpretations of Islamic jurists....
, hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
, tibb
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, algebra
Algebra
Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning the study of the rules of operations and relations, and the constructions and concepts arising from them, including terms, polynomials, equations and algebraic structures...
, mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
, kalaam, spirituality
Spirituality
Spirituality can refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality; an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being; or the “deepest values and meanings by which people live.” Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and contemplation, are intended to develop...
, mysticism, oratory
Oratory
Oratory is a type of public speaking.Oratory may also refer to:* Oratory , a power metal band* Oratory , a place of worship* a religious order such as** Oratory of Saint Philip Neri ** Oratory of Jesus...
and metaphysics
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world, although the term is not easily defined. Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms:...
under his father. Thereafter, he was inducted into the tradition of bay'at by his father and, by the age of seventeen, he was permitted to provide spiritual guidance to and reform his fellow Muslims.
On the death of his father when he was hardly seventeen years old, he became a mudarris (teacher) at Madrasa Rahimiyya
Madrasa Rahimiyya
Madrasa Rahimiyya was an Islamic teaching centre located in Delhi. It was founded by Shah Abdur Rahim during 18th century. Shah Abdur Rahim was the father of Shah Waliullah. It was the institution where Shah Waliullah and Syed Ahmad Barelvi got their education...
. He held this position for twelve years. Then, in 1731, Shah Waliullah performed Hajj
Hajj
The Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is one of the largest pilgrimages in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, a religious duty that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so...
. He reached Makkah on May 21 and performed Hajj
Hajj
The Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is one of the largest pilgrimages in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, a religious duty that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so...
, after which he proceeded to Medina
Medina
Medina , or ; also transliterated as Madinah, or madinat al-nabi "the city of the prophet") is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, and...
. There, he attended Shaikh Abu Tahir Muhammad bin Ibrahim Kurdi Madani's discourses on hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
. Shah Waliullah studied Sihah Sitta, Mu'atta Imam Malik, Masnad Da'armi, and Imam Muhammad's Al A'saar under him. Thereafter, he returned to Makkah, performed another Hajj
Hajj
The Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is one of the largest pilgrimages in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, a religious duty that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so...
, studied Al-Muwatta Imam Malik for a second time under Shaikh Wafadullah Maliki Makki, and attended the discourses of Shaikh Tajuddin Hanafi Qala'i Makki on Sihah Sitta. Then, he was permitted to teach all of the kitabs of hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
by Shaikh Tajuddin.
Thereafter, Shah Waliullah returned to India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. His journey back to India lasted six months and he reached Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
on January 1, 1733.
Achievements and Services
After he had performed second hajj, he returned to DelhiDelhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
, he started his work in earnest. This was in a period when Muslims in India were passing through the most critical phase of their history and their entire social, political, economic and spiritual fabric was torn to pieces. On his arrival in Delhi, he started to train his pupils in diverse branches of Islam and entrusted them with the mission of enlightening people with the true nature of Islam. He embarked upon the task of authoring standard works on Islam and was able to complete a number of works on Islam.
Shah Waliullah rose to be an eminent scholar of Islamic studies
Islamic studies
In a Muslim context, Islamic studies can be an umbrella term for all virtually all of academia, both originally researched and as defined by the Islamization of knowledge...
. He was a prominent intellectual figure whose mission was to reform the Muslims he saw as misguided. His activities were not confined to spiritual and intellectual spheres only. He lived in troubled times and witnessed a number of rulers occupying the throne of Delhi. With his keen political insight, he observed the deterioration of Muslim rule in India and wrote to a number of political dignitaries to attempt to bolster the political life of Muslims in India. He established several branches of Madrasa Rahimiyya
Madrasa Rahimiyya
Madrasa Rahimiyya was an Islamic teaching centre located in Delhi. It was founded by Shah Abdur Rahim during 18th century. Shah Abdur Rahim was the father of Shah Waliullah. It was the institution where Shah Waliullah and Syed Ahmad Barelvi got their education...
in Delhi in order to effectively disseminate his knowledge.
Literary career
Shah Waliullah was a prolific writer as well. In the realm of Islam, he produced a number of memorable literary works and, within a period of thirty years, he wrote a total of fifty-one works of merit, twenty-eight in Arabic and twenty-three in PersianPersian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
. Some of these are still unsurpassed in the domain of Islamic literature
Islamic literature
Islamic literature is literature written with an Islamic perspective, in any language.The most well known fiction from the Islamic world was The Book of One Thousand and One Nights , which was a compilation of many earlier folk tales told by the Persian Queen Scheherazade...
. His most valuable service to Islam was that he codified the vast store of Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
under separate heads. Both in thought and prediction, his works occupy an outstanding position.
His works can be classified into six categories. The first deals with the Qur'an
Qur'an
The Quran , also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Alcoran, Qur’ān, Coran, Kuran, and al-Qur’ān, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God . It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language...
. It includes his translation of the Qur'an into Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
. According to him, the object of studying the Qur'an is to reform human nature and correct wrong beliefs and injurious actions. The second category deals with hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
, in which he has left behind several works such as commentaries on Al-Muwatta Imam Malik in both Arabic and Persian. Shah Waliullah also wrote a number of works and pamphlets on hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
. The third category deals with fiqh
Fiqh
Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the code of conduct expounded in the Quran, often supplemented by tradition and implemented by the rulings and interpretations of Islamic jurists....
or Islamic jurisprudence, which includes lnsaaf fi Bayaan-e-Sahoobul Ikhtilaf, a brief yet informative history of Islamic jurisprudence over the five centuries before his life. The fourth category deals with mysticism
Mysticism
Mysticism is the knowledge of, and especially the personal experience of, states of consciousness, i.e. levels of being, beyond normal human perception, including experience and even communion with a supreme being.-Classical origins:...
. The fifth category pertains to his works on Muslim philosophy and kalaam. He also wrote a pamphlet on the principles of ijtihad (independent interpretation) and taqlid (conformity). In his principles of ijtihad, he clarifies whether it is obligatory for a Muslim to adhere to one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence or whether he can exercise his own judgment. Shah Waliullah's greatest work is Hujjatullahil Baligha, which deals with such aspects of Islam that are common among all of the Muslim countries. The sixth category deals with his works on the problems between Shias and Sunnis. His theories pertaining to economics and socialism are of revolutionary nature. The miserable condition of Indian Muslims inspired him to improve their character, raise their morale, and inculcate a feeling of selflessness and love for their fellows in them. He overhauled the educational system and separated faith from unlawful invented traditions and unnecessary and unwanted suspicions regarding Islam. He presented what he considered pure and pristine Islam to people.(1976)
Literary works
The biographers of Shah Waliullah state that the number of his published literary works are above fifty. Shah Waliullah was a prolific writer who wrote extensively on several Islamic topics. His literary masterpieces are as follows:1. Fathur Rahman fi Tarjumatul Qur’an: A translation of the Qur'an
Qur'an
The Quran , also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Alcoran, Qur’ān, Coran, Kuran, and al-Qur’ān, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God . It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language...
into Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
. A collection of 40 ahadith which are brief yet of inclusive character.
- Al Irshad ila Muhim
2. Al Faudhul Kabir fi Usoolut Tafsir: A booklet in Persian that follows his Persian translation of the Qur'an. It contains the nucleus of the Qur'an, the rules of interpretation, and interpretations of the Qur'an by various eminent scholars.
3. Hujjatullahil Baligha: Shah Waliullah's greatest literary work. Its title is derived from the Qur'an (Suratul An'aam:149). It is a two-volume Arabic manuscript and elaborates about the jurisprudence from the hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
and necessities of the Shari’a.
A partial list of the rest of his works is as follows:
Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa
Izalat al-Khafa'an Khilafat al-Khulfa is a book by the Islamic scholar Shah Waliullah in the Persian.-Overview:...
(Persian)
- Al Intibah fi Salaasil ul Auliaullah (Persian): A book which details the history of and a brief introduction to various mystic orders.
- Insanul 'Ain fi Mashaaikhul Haramayn (Persian)
- Al Insaf fi Bayaanul Asbabul Ikhtilaf (Arabic)
- Anfaasul Arifeen (Persian)
- Al Budurul Bazigha (Arabic): This work on theology employs philosophical terminology in discussing human nature and social behaviour.
- Bawaariqul Wilaaya (Persian): This tract forms part of the Anfaasul Arifeen, in which Shah Waliullah has described the life and spiritual attainments of his father, Shah Abdur Rahim.
- Tawillul Ahadith (Arabic): It recount the stories of different prophets mentioned in the Qur'an in order to draw out lessons and rules of Shari'a from the Qur'anic description.
- Tuhfatul Mu'ahhidin: This is a Persian tract explaining the creed of tauhid.
- Taraajimul Abwaabul Bukhari (Arabic): It expounds the principles which would be found helpful in understanding certain difficult portions of Sahih al-BukhariSahih al-BukhariṢaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī , as it is commonly referred to, is one of the six canonical hadith collections of Islam. These prophetic traditions, or hadith, were collected by the Persian Muslim scholar Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, after being transmitted orally for generations. Muslims view this as one of...
. - Al Juz ul Latif fi Tarjumata ul Abdul Dha'if (Persian)
- Husnul Aqidah (Arabic): The fundamental creed of Islam, as accepted by the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jam'aat sect, has been expounded in this work according to the Qur'an and hadithHadithThe term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
. - Al Khair ul Kathir (Arabic): This work on the philosophy of religion elucidates the concept of ma'arifah and the wisdom of divine names, revelation, etc.
- Ad Duroos Thama'in fi Mubashshiratul Nabi'ul Amin (Arabic): A collection of the glad tidings that Shah Waliullah and his ancestors received from Muhammad.
- Diwanul Ashar (Arabic): A collection of the Arabic poetry of Shah Waliullah.
- Risala: This pamphlet was written in reply to certain mystical issues raised by Shaikh Abdullah bin Abdul Baqi.
- Risala Danishmandi (Persian): A valuable tract containing detailed directions with regards to the methodology of teaching.
- Zahrawain: A commentary on Al-BaqaraAl-BaqaraSura al-Baqarah is the second and longest chapter of the Qur'an. It is a Medinan sura and comprises 286 verses, including the single longest verse in the Qur'an...
and Al-i-Imran. - Sururul Mahzun (Persian): A concise Persian translation of Kitab Nurul 'Uyoonul Aminul Ma'mun, a well-known biography of Muhammad.
- Sharhul Taraajimul Abwaabul Sahih ul Bukhari (Arabic): An annotation on certain chapters of Sahih al-BukhariSahih al-BukhariṢaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī , as it is commonly referred to, is one of the six canonical hadith collections of Islam. These prophetic traditions, or hadith, were collected by the Persian Muslim scholar Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, after being transmitted orally for generations. Muslims view this as one of...
. - Shifahul Quloob (Persian): A tract on mysticism.
- Shawaariqul Ma'arifah (Persian): This is a biography of Shah Waliullah's uncle, Shaikh Abdul Raza.
- Al Atiyyatus Samadiyya fi Anfaasul Muhammadiyya (Persian): A small brochure which contains a biographical sketch of Shah Waliullah's maternal grandfather, Shaikh Muhammad Phulti.
- Iqdul Jid fi Aakhamul Ijtihad wat Tajdid (Arabic)
- Fathul Kabir (Arabic): A glossary of the intricate words of the Qur'an.
- Fathul Wadud lil Ma'arifatul Junood (Arabic): It pertains to ethics and mysticism.
- Al Fadhlul Mubin fil Musalsal min Hadithul Nabi'ul Amin (Arabic)
- Izalatul Akhfa : An explanation of the Qur'an
'Tuhftatul Muwahidin' & al Balagh al Mubin are full text forgeries in the name of Shah Waliyullah Dehlavi. Prof.J.N. Jalbani wrote that he had gone through this book and understood that , though this book bears some resemblance to the style of Shah Waliyullahi Dehlawi,it is a clear case of attribution.
[Life of shah .p 41]
http://www.amazon.com/Life-Shah-Wali-Allah-Jalbani/dp/8171513700.
http://www.amazon.com/Muslim-Shrines-India-Character-Significance/dp/0195664272
Shah Waliullah’s 4 basic principles of economics
Shah Waliullah discussed the four basic principles of economics; the production of wealth, the consumption of wealth, the distribution of wealth and the exchange of wealth.The whole nation participates in the production of wealth, so the wealth should be distributed throughout the whole nation. He established the principles for distribution of wealth among the people as well as the value of a fair method for wealth consumption. This economic system would be successful in establishing the principles of these four branches.
The first principle is that people living in specific geographic boundaries have the right over the resources of that area. That economic system in which all the people are equal provides that no single person or specific class can control the resources unilaterally. He has narrated Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique in Aizaalatul Khifa “Equality is better in economics than giving priority to one group over another.
The second principle is that every individual should have the right to limited personal property ownership since the abilities of every individual is different. Not that the whole nation should have same clothing, food and houses.
The third principle is that any practice which concentrates wealth in certain hands will not be tolerated and the system will oppose it.
The fourth principle is that such a balance should be maintained so that society may develop as a whole.
Shah Waliullah proposed the creation of a party on such principles which would end the outmoded system and would build a new system which ensures the development of society as a whole.
Family
Shah Waliullah had a son and 5 daughters from his first wife. His second wife bore him four sons: Shah Abdul AzizShah Abdul Aziz
Al Muhaddith Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi was one of the great Sunni Islamic scholar scholars of Hadith in India.-Biography:Shah Abdul Aziz was the eldest son of Shah Waliullah was only 17 years old when Shah Waliullah died...
Muhaddis Dehlvi, Shah Rafiuddin, Shah Abdul Qadir, and Shah Abdul Ghani.
Death
On August 20, 1762, Shah Waliullah died and was buried in the graveyard of Munhadian, beside his father.See Also
- Imam Ahmed Raza Khan
- Mustafa Raza KhanMustafa Raza KhanMustafa Raza Khan, commonly known among the Muslims of South Asia as Mufti e Azam e Hind, was born in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1892. His father, Ahmed Raza Khan was the founder of the Barelvi school of Sunni Islam in South Asia.. His grandfather, Moulana Naqi Ali Khan Mustafa Raza Khan,...
- Hamid Raza KhanHamid Raza KhanHamid Raza Khan Qaadiri: was an Islamic scholar and mystic of the Barelvi movement. Qaaderi was born in 1875 , in the city of Bareilly, India...
- Abdul Aleem Siddiqi
- Syed Shujaat Ali QadriSyed Shujaat Ali QadriJustice Dr Mufti Syed Shuja’at Ali Qadri was a member of the Pakistani Council of Islamic Ideology and a renowned scholar of Islamic Sciences and modern science, and had a deep and authoritative understanding of traditional and modern Arabic language...
- Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui