Shah Inayat Shaheed
Encyclopedia
Shah Ïnayatullah (c. 1655 – c. 1718), popularly known as Sufi Shah Inayat Shaheed, Shah Shaheed, sometimes referred as the First Social Reformer of Sindh was a 17th-century Revolutionary
from Jhok
, Sindh
, Pakistan
who was executed by Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
in early eighteenth century. Sufi Inayat was accused of leading small army of farmers (Harees) of his area to challenge the domination of Delhi ruler Farrukhsiyar
, local feudal landlords and Mullahs. His mantra was “Jo Kherray so Khaey” , means the one who ploughs has the foremost right on the yield. The popularity of Sufi Shah Inayat forced the feudal landlords of the area to contact Mughal King Farrukhsiyar who on wrong information ordered the ruler of northern Sindh Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
to uproot the Sufi Inayat and his companions. A prolonged siege of Jhok resulted in the offer of negotiations from Kalhora commander and Sufi Inayat accepted the offer to avoid further bloodshed. As he arrived for the negotiations in the enemy camp he was arrested and later executed in Thatto.
. Sadu langah's ancestors are said have migrated from Baghdad
and settled in Uch
near Multan where they became attached to Suhrawardi
saints of this place. Shah inayat spent entire period of his youth in Sindh.
. After he had apparently transgressed the stage of fana fi'sh Shykh, the complete identification with mystical leader, and had reached the highest degree of mystical leadership himself, Shah Abdul Malik sent him to Delhi
for learning outward sciences at the hand of Shah Ghulam Muhammad; then he returned Sindh. His teacher, deeply inspired by his spiritual achievements, followed him and settled too in Thatta
. Since Shah Inayat had reached highest degree of annihilation and was free from tribulation of outward world, the orthodox theologians of Thatta and 'Scholars of outward knowledge' disapproved him declaring him heretic. The only theologian in Thatta who accepted Shah inayat's claims enthusiastically was Makhdoom Muhammad Moeen Thattvi (d.1748). Shah Inayat considered it wiser to leave hostile atmosphere of Thatta with a group of disciples and returned to his home place: Jhok, literally, a place where camels kneels down or where a large number of people settle down.
It is a solemn event that offers little to common devotees by way of entertainment and creates a spiritual ambience in Jhoke rarely seen at other shrines.The only attraction at Shah Inayat`s Urs is its unending sessions of Sufi singing held here and there on the premises of the vast shrine consecutively for three days and nights.
Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either actively participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.-Definition:...
from Jhok
Jhok (Sindh)
Jhok or Jhok Sareef is small town in district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan.-Battle of Jhok:Jhok is also home-place of SufiShah Inayat Shaheed who battled against Mughal empire over distribution of land among poor HareesJhok or Jhok Sareef is small town in district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan.-Battle of...
, Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
, Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
who was executed by Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro became chieftain of Kalhora clan after his elder brother Mian Din muhammad Kalhoro who was imprisoned and Killed in Multan Jail by Prince Muiz-ud-Din Muhammad, the governor of Multan in 1700 A.D....
in early eighteenth century. Sufi Inayat was accused of leading small army of farmers (Harees) of his area to challenge the domination of Delhi ruler Farrukhsiyar
Farrukhsiyar
Abu'l Muzaffar Muin ud-din Muhammad Shah Farrukh-siyar Alim Akbar Sani Wala Shan Padshah-i-bahr-u-bar [Shahid-i-Mazlum] was the Mughal emperor between 1713 and 1719. Noted as a handsome but weak ruler, easily swayed by his advisers, Farukhsiyar lacked the ability and character to rule independently...
, local feudal landlords and Mullahs. His mantra was “Jo Kherray so Khaey” , means the one who ploughs has the foremost right on the yield. The popularity of Sufi Shah Inayat forced the feudal landlords of the area to contact Mughal King Farrukhsiyar who on wrong information ordered the ruler of northern Sindh Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro became chieftain of Kalhora clan after his elder brother Mian Din muhammad Kalhoro who was imprisoned and Killed in Multan Jail by Prince Muiz-ud-Din Muhammad, the governor of Multan in 1700 A.D....
to uproot the Sufi Inayat and his companions. A prolonged siege of Jhok resulted in the offer of negotiations from Kalhora commander and Sufi Inayat accepted the offer to avoid further bloodshed. As he arrived for the negotiations in the enemy camp he was arrested and later executed in Thatto.
Early Life
Shah Inayat's Lineage is traced through Fazlullah to Sadu Langah whose family was quite influential in MultanMultan
Multan , is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore and from Karachi...
. Sadu langah's ancestors are said have migrated from Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
and settled in Uch
Uch
Uch or Uch Sharif ) is located in 75 km from Bahawalpur in Bahawalpur District, South Punjab, Pakistan Uch is an important historical city, being founded by Alexander the Great. Formerly located at the confluence of the Indus and Chenab rivers, it is now removed to Mithankot, some 100 km...
near Multan where they became attached to Suhrawardi
Suhrawardi
Suhrawardi or al-Suhrawardi is a name that may refer to:** Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi , Iranian philosopher also known as Sohrevardi* The Suhrawardiyya order of Sufism...
saints of this place. Shah inayat spent entire period of his youth in Sindh.
Journey in quest for Truth
He wandered around in search of a mystical leader until he met Shah Abdul malik ibn Shah Ubaidullah Jilani Qadiri (d. 1699) in BijapurBijapur, Karnataka
Bijapur Urdu:بیجاپور city is the district headquarters of Bijapur District of Karnataka state. Bijapur city is well known for its historical monuments of architectural importance built during the rule of Adil Shahi dynasty...
. After he had apparently transgressed the stage of fana fi'sh Shykh, the complete identification with mystical leader, and had reached the highest degree of mystical leadership himself, Shah Abdul Malik sent him to Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
for learning outward sciences at the hand of Shah Ghulam Muhammad; then he returned Sindh. His teacher, deeply inspired by his spiritual achievements, followed him and settled too in Thatta
Thatta
Thatta is a historic town of 220,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. Thatta's major monuments especially its necropolis at Makli are listed among the World Heritage Sites. The Shah Jahan Mosque is also listed...
. Since Shah Inayat had reached highest degree of annihilation and was free from tribulation of outward world, the orthodox theologians of Thatta and 'Scholars of outward knowledge' disapproved him declaring him heretic. The only theologian in Thatta who accepted Shah inayat's claims enthusiastically was Makhdoom Muhammad Moeen Thattvi (d.1748). Shah Inayat considered it wiser to leave hostile atmosphere of Thatta with a group of disciples and returned to his home place: Jhok, literally, a place where camels kneels down or where a large number of people settle down.
Melo
The Urs or Melo of the 18th century socialist Sufi who laid down his life with a large number of disciples in a war to protect a commune he had established in the Jhoke area, is entirely different from other Urs celebrations held at different shrines throughout the year.It is a solemn event that offers little to common devotees by way of entertainment and creates a spiritual ambience in Jhoke rarely seen at other shrines.The only attraction at Shah Inayat`s Urs is its unending sessions of Sufi singing held here and there on the premises of the vast shrine consecutively for three days and nights.
Message
Shah Inayat`s struggle was aimed at exploring hardships faced by humanity on the whole and addressing people`s problems without any discrimination of caste, creed and religion.He preferred to get killed but refused to surrender to the oppressors.Shah Inayat took up sword against tyrant rulers and feudal lords and his massage “Jeko Khere So Khaye” (he who tills has the right to eat) was addressed not only to Sindh but to the entire world, he said.See also
- Mir Janullah ShahMir Janullah ShahMir Jan Muhammad Rizwi of Rohri famous under his nom-de-plume Mir or Mir Janullah was chief Khalifa of Sufi Shah Inayat Shaheed who is related to have told people:"Who ever sees Janullah, sees me,,," for Janullah had reached the complete Fana fil Shaykh, the identification with his mystical...
- Shah Abdul Latif BhittaiShah Abdul Latif BhittaiShah Abdul Latif Bhittai was a Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, poet, and musician. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Sindhi language...
- Sachal SarmastSachal SarmastSachal Sarmast was a Sufi poet from Sindh during the Kalhora era. He was born in daraza near Ranipur, Sindh. His real name was Abdul Wahab and "Sachal" was his nickname. He also used it in his own poetry. Sachu means truthful in Sindhi while Sarmast means mystic in Sindhi and Urdu...
- Qadir Bux BedilQadir Bux BedilFaqir Qadir Bux Bedil better known by his nom de plume Bedil , was a Sufi Poet and scholar of great stature.After Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai and Sachal Sarmast other two stars that shone on the firmament of Sindhi poetry and who could measure up to them in excellence, were the father and son –...
- Shah Inayat RizviShah Inayat RizviShah Ïnayatullah , Shah Inayat or Inat, was a 17th-century Sindhi Sufi Poet from Nasarpur, Sindh, Pakistan.-Early life:...