In developmental psychology

Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology, also known as human development, is the scientific study of systematic psychological changes, emotional changes, and perception changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to...

, a scale error is a serious attempt made by a child to perform a task that is patently impossible because of the extreme differences in the size of the objects involved. An example of this would be a child attempting to slide down a toy slide or attempting to enter and drive a miniature toy car.

Criteria for Scale Errors

For an action to be considered a scale error under the strictest definition, a child must:

• perform or attempt to perform part or all of the actions done with the large object, on the smaller object.
• make actual physical contact with the relevant body part.
• perform the behavior with such seriousness that they are obviously not pretending; often the behavior is repetitive, and the lack of success becomes frustrating to the child.

Basically, a scale error is an attempt to perform an impossible action combined with very precise motor activity.

DeLoache Study

In this study, children were introduced to large (normal-sized) objects and given a chance to familiarize themselves with them. Some were also prompted to engage in play behavior with the objects. After several minutes, the large objects were replaced with smaller versions of the same object. In several cases, regardless of prompting, the child attempted to interact with the small object in the same way they would have interacted with the large object.

The study also found that if the child is given the choice, they will never choose to interact with the smaller object over the larger object.

It is believed that the error is caused by a disassociation between the part of the brain

Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals—only a few primitive invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, sea squirts and starfishes do not have one. It is located in the head, usually close to primary sensory apparatus such as vision, hearing,...

 that controls the actual physical movement with the part that controls the planning of the action. The occipital lobe

Occipital lobe

The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. The primary visual cortex is Brodmann area 17, commonly called V1...

, which sees the object and controls the planning of the action, recognizes the object as a chair but does not take the size of the chair into account. The motor cortex

Motor cortex

Motor cortex is a term that describes regions of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary motor functions.-Anatomy of the motor cortex :The motor cortex can be divided into four main parts:...

, which controls the physical movement of the action, knows that you sit

SIT

- Organizations :* Singapore Improvement Trust, a government public-housing organization* Society of Instrument Technology, a British learned society* Strategic Information Technology, a banking-software company...

in a chair, and recognizes the small size of the object. The child then takes "appropriate" action—attempts to sit in the chair, and aims remarkably accurately for the reduced space.

According to surveys taken by the researchers, the phenomenon is not common; parents more often reported that their child did not engage in the behavior. It is speculated, however, that parents may not remember less striking errors or they may not have been present to witness them.

Age

Very young children and older children do not engage in these behaviors. Infants and young toddlers do not know enough about the physical world and the objects in it to attempt such errors. Older children, it is believed, develop inhibitions; that is, they realize that performing the desired action on a tiny object is inappropriate. It may be irrelevant that the action wouldn't work anyway.