Satire on False Perspective is the title of an engraving

Engraving

Engraving is the practice of incising a design on to a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an intaglio printing plate, of copper or another metal, for printing...

 produced by William Hogarth

William Hogarth

William Hogarth was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic and editorial cartoonist who has been credited with pioneering western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects"...

 in 1754 for his friend John Joshua Kirby

John Joshua Kirby

John Joshua Kirby , was an 18th century landscape painter, engraver, and writer from the United Kingdom, famed for his pamphlet on linear perspective based on Brook Taylor's math.-Biography:...

's pamphlet on linear perspective.

The intent of the work is clearly given by the subtitle:

Summary

The work shows a scene that provides many deliberate examples of confused and misplaced perspective

Perspective (graphical)

Perspective in the graphic arts, such as drawing, is an approximate representation, on a flat surface , of an image as it is seen by the eye...

 effects. Although the individual components of the scene seem self-consistent, the scene itself can be classed as an example of an impossible object

Impossible object

An impossible object is a type of optical illusion consisting of a two-dimensional figure which is instantly and subconsciously interpreted by the visual system as representing a projection of a three-dimensional object although it is not actually possible for such an object to exist An impossible...

.

Partial list of "Errors"

The most immediately prominent errors are the first three or four:

• The man in the foreground's fishing rod
  Fishing rod
  A fishing rod or a fishing pole is a tool used to catch fish, usually in conjunction with the pastime of angling, and can also be used in competition casting. . A length of fishing line is attached to a long, flexible rod or pole: one end terminates in a hook for catching the fish...
  
  's line passes behind that of the man behind him.
• The sign is moored to two buildings, one in front of the other, with beams that show no difference in depth
• The sign is overlapped by two distant trees.
• The man climbing the hill is lighting his pipe with the candle of the woman leaning out of the upper story window.
• The crow
  Crow
  Crows form the genus Corvus in the family Corvidae. Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-size jackdaws to the Common Raven of the Holarctic region and Thick-billed Raven of the highlands of Ethiopia, the 40 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate continents and several...
  
   perched on the tree is massive in comparison to it.
• The church appears to front onto the river. Both ends of the church are viewable at the same time.
• The left horizon on the water declines precipitously.
• The man in the boat under the bridge fires at the swan on the other side, which is impossible as he's aiming straight at the bridge abutments.
• The right-hand end of the arch above the boat meets the water further from the viewer than does the left-hand end.
• The two story building, though viewed from below shows the top of the roof. As does the church tower in the distance.
• The barrel closest to the foreground fisherman reveals both its top and bottom simultaneously.
• The tiles the foreground fisherman stands on have a vanishing point that converge towards the viewer.
• A tree is growing out of the top of the bridge.
• The vanishing point for the near side of the first building transforms midway down the wall.
• The line of trees obscuring the sign are likely representative of how objects should decrease in scale as they move further away, but in this case reversed.
• The sheep on the left-hand side increase in scale as they get further away.
• The swan behind the boat is larger than the men manning the boat.

Aside from the impossibilities of scale there are in fact approximately 10 different horizons based on the various vanishing points.

Historiography of perspective instruction

Until Brook Taylor

Brook Taylor

Brook Taylor FRS was an English mathematician who is best known for Taylor's theorem and the Taylor series.- Life and work :...

 treatise on linear perspective was published in 1715, artists were taught perspective by studying methods used in earlier works by famous artists rather than studying the mathematics behind the methods. Hogarth created the St Martin’s Lane Academy partially to remedy this gap in studies, and he invited his friend Kirby to become a perspective teacher there. Kirby obliged and later, by publishing his pamphlet, became famous enough to gain a royal appointment as a perspective teacher.