Sailing/Yachting

Sailing

Sailing is the propulsion of a vehicle and the control of its movement with large foils called sails. By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre board, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the boat relative to its surrounding medium and...

is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad

Olympiad

An Olympiad is a period of four years, associated with the Olympic Games of Classical Greece. In the Hellenistic period, beginning with Ephorus, Olympiads were used as calendar epoch....

 (1896 Olympics in Athens ). With the exception of 1904

1904 Summer Olympics

The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from 1 July 1904, to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University...

 and possible 1916

1916 Summer Olympics

The anticipated 1916 Summer Olympics, which were to be officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were to have been held in Berlin, Germany. However, due to the outbreak of World War I, the games were cancelled.-History:...

 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.
The Sailing program of 1960 consisted of a total of five sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 29 August 1960 to 7 September 1960 of the coast of Naples

Naples

Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...

 at the Gulf of Naples

Gulf of Naples

The Gulf of Naples is a c. 15 km wide gulf located in the south western coast of Italy, . It opens to the west into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered on the north by the cities of Naples and Pozzuoli, on the east by Mount Vesuvius, and on the south by the Sorrentine Peninsula and the main...

.

The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses. The start was made in the center of a set of 8 numbered marks that were places in a circle. During the starting procedure the sequence of the marks was communicated to the sailors. By picking the mark that was most upwind the start could always be made upwind. This system is, at least in certain certain German lakes, still in use.

Venue

In the Gulf of Naples

Gulf of Naples

The Gulf of Naples is a c. 15 km wide gulf located in the south western coast of Italy, . It opens to the west into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered on the north by the cities of Naples and Pozzuoli, on the east by Mount Vesuvius, and on the south by the Sorrentine Peninsula and the main...

, in the zone overlooking Santa Lucia, three ports were used for launching and mooring of the Olympic classes:

• Mergellina, for Finn (Sea Garden) and Flying Dutchman (Posillipo)
• Santa Lucia, for Dragons
• Molosiglio, for Star and 5.5 Metre

Three course areas were used:

Area	Principal race officer	Classes	Committee vessel
Azzurro	Marino Tarabocchia	Finn	Gaggia
Giallo	Egisto Picchi	Flying Dutchman Star	Timo
Rosso	Luigi Mino Poggi	Dragon 5.5 Metre	Giaggiolo

Overview

Continents	Countries	Classes	Boats	Male	Female
6	46	5	138	287	0

Continents

• Africa
• Asia
• Australian continent
  Australia (continent)
  Australia is the world's smallest continent, comprising the mainland of Australia and proximate islands including Tasmania, New Guinea, the Aru Islands and Raja Ampat Islands...
  
  
• Europe
• North America
• South America

Countries

>

Classes (equipment)

Class	Type	Event	Sailors	Trapeze	Mainsail	Jib/Genoa	Spinnaker	First OG	Olympics so far
Finn Finn (dinghy) The Finn dinghy is the men's single-handed, cat-rigged Olympic class for sailing. It was designed by Swedish canoe designer, Rickard Sarby, in 1949 for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki...	Dinghy Dinghy A dinghy is a type of small boat, often carried or towed for use as a ship's boat by a larger vessel. It is a loanword from either Bengali or Urdu. The term can also refer to small racing yachts or recreational open sailing boats. Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor,...		1	0	+	–	–	1952	3
Flying Dutchman Flying Dutchman (dinghy) thumbthumbThe Flying Dutchman is a 20-foot one-design high-performance two-person monohull racing dinghy. Developed in the early 1950s, its large sail area per unit weight allow it to plane easily when sailing upwind. The boat utilizes a trapeze harness for the crew and hiking straps for the...	Dinghy		2	1	+	+	+	1960	1
Star Star (sailboat) The International Star is a 6.9 m one-design racing keelboat for two people.The boat must weigh at least 671 kg with a maximum total sail area of 26.5 m . It is sloop-rigged, with a mainsail larger in proportional size than any other boat of its length...	Keelboat Keelboat Keelboat has two distinct meanings related to two different types of boats: one a riverine cargo-capable working boat, and the other a classification for small- to mid-sized recreational sailing yachts.-Historical keel-boats:...		2	0	+	+	–	1932	6
Dragon Dragon (keelboat) thumbThe International Dragon is a one-design keelboat.The Dragon was designed by Norwegian Johan Anker in 1929. In 1948 the Dragon became an Olympic Class, a status it retained until the Munich Olympics in 1972...	Keelboat		3	0	+	+	+	1948	4
5.5 Metre 5.5 Metre (keelboat) The International 5.5 Metre Class was created to yield a racing keel boat giving a sailing experience similar to that of the International 6 Metre Class, but at a lower cost....	Keelboat		3	0	+	+	+	1952	3

= Male, = Female, = Open

Medal summary

Finn:
Flying Dutchman:	Peder Lunde, jr. Peder Lunde, Jr. Peder Lunde, jr. is a Norwegian sailor and Olympic champion.He won a gold medal in the Flying Dutchman class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with Bjørn Bergvall.... Bjørn Bergvall Bjørn Bergvall Bjørn Bergvall is a Norwegian sailor and Olympic champion.He won a gold medal in the Flying Dutchman class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with Peder Lunde, jr.-References:...	Hans Fogh Hans Fogh Hans Fogh, is one of the very successful competitive sailors in history, with dozens of national and international championships and in many different classes, including two Olympic medals. Born March 8, 1938, in Copenhagen, Denmark, Hans grew up on in a family of gardners and was expected to take... Ole Erik Petersen	Rolf Mulka Ingo Von Bredow
Star:	Timir Pinegin Timir Pinegin Timir Alekseevich Pinegin was a Russian sailor who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1956 Summer Olympics, in the 1960 Summer Olympics, in the 1964 Summer Olympics, in the 1968 Summer Olympics, and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.... Fyodor Shutkov Fyodor Shutkov Fyodor Vasilevich Shutkov was a Russian sailor who competed for the Soviet Union in the Summer Olympics of 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, and 1968....	Mario Gentil Jose Gentil	William Parks William Parks (sailor) William Parks was an American competitive sailor and Olympic medalist.He and Robert Halperin won a bronze medal for the United States in the Star class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Their yacht was the Shrew II.-References:... Robert Halperin Robert Halperin Robert Sherman "Bob" Halperin , nicknamed "Buck", was an American competitive Star class sailor, and Olympic bronze medalist and Pan American Games gold medalist....
Dragon:	HRH Crown Prince Constantine Constantine II of Greece |align=right|Constantine II was King of Greece from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1973, the sixth and last monarch of the Greek Royal Family.... Odysseus Eskidioglou Georgios Zaimis Georgios Zaimis Georgios Zaimis is a Greek sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and won a gold medal in the Dragon class with the boat Nirefs. He finished 8th at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.-References:...	Jorge Salas Chávez Jorge Salas Chávez Jorge Alberto Salas Chávez is an Argentinian sailor. Born in Buenos Aires, he competed at five Olympics between 1948 and 1972.... Héctor Calegaris Jorge del Río Sálas Jorge del Río Sálas Jorge Alberto del Río Sálas is an Argentinian sailor. Born in Buenos Aires, he competed at four Olympics between 1948 and 1964....	Antonio Cosentino Antonio Ciciliano Antonio Ciciliano Antonio Ciciliano is an Italian competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the Dragon class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.-References:... Giulio De Stefano
5.5 Metre:	George O'Day George O'Day George O'Day was an American sailor, Olympic champion and world champion, and boat designer.-Sailor:O'Day received a gold medal in the 5.5 Metre class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome... James Hunt James Hunt (sailor) James Hunt is an American sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and won a gold medal in the 5.5 metre class, with the boat Minotaur.-References:... David Smith David Smith (sailor) David Smith is an American sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and won a gold medal in the 5.5 metre class, with the boat Minotaur.-References:...	William Berntsen William Berntsen William Berntsen was a Danish competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a silver medal in the 5.5 Metre class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with Søren Hancke and Steen Christensen.-References:... Sören Hancke Steen Christensen Steen Christensen (sailor) Steen Christensen is a Danish competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a silver medal in the 5.5 Metre class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with William Berntsen and Søren Hancke.-References:...	Henri Copponex Henri Copponex Henri Copponex was a Swiss competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the 5.5 Metre class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with Manfred Metzger and Pierre Girard.-References:... Manfred Metzger Manfred Metzger Manfred Metzger is a Swiss competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the 5.5 Metre class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with Henri Copponex and Pierre Girard.-References:... Pierre Girard Pierre Girard (sailor) Pierre Girard is a Swiss competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the 5.5 Metre class at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, together with Henri Copponex and Manfred Metzger.-References:...

Sailing 1960

1		1	2	0	3
2		1	1	0	2
3		1	0	1	2
4		1	0	0	1
		1	0	0	1
6		0	1	0	1
		0	1	0	1
8		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
Total		5	5	5	15

Sailing 1896–1960

1		15	9	1	25
2		11	5	5	21
3	USA	8	3	4	15
4		7	7	7	21
5		5	7	7	19
6		4	6	1	11
7		3	3	4	10
8		2	3	2	7
9		2	1	1	4
10		1	2	2	5
11		1	1	0	2
12		1	0	1	2
13		1	0	0	1
		1	0	0	1
		1	0	0	1
16		0	2	1	3
17		0	2	0	2
18		0	1	5	6
19		0	1	1	2
		0	1	1	2
21		0	1	0	1
22		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
	(EUA)	0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
Total	26	63	55	48	166

Sailing

• Again this Olympic sailing event was gender independent, but tuned out to be a Mens only event. This was one of the triggers to create gender specific events. This however had to wait until 1988
  Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics
  Sailing/Yachting is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad . With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program....
  
  .
• Since the distance between Rome and Naples a separate organization was created for the Sailing events. The name of this organization was Solo Mio.
• The Italian Navy was responsible for the courses and the towing in and out of the yachts. According to the official report this was done on a very prompt manner. and we quote:

The only accident to occur, which resulted in the loss of the Lebanese Flying Dutchman, cannot be imputed to the method employed by the rescue crew after the boat had overturned, but to the incompetence of the Lebanese F.D. crew who attached the tow cable around a belaying cleat fixed to the deck.

• According to current standards a huge amount of sails was allowed for use during the Olympics (not every boat measured in the maximum number):
  • Finn, 1 sail (for the whole Finn fleet a total of 25 sails were available as spare.)
  • Flying Dutchman, 4 sets of sails (12)
  • Star, 6 sets of sails (12)
  • Dragon 6 sets of sails (18)
  • 5.5 Metre 6 sets of sails (18)
• 106 journalists of 52 countries were reporting the sailing event.
• Many former Olympiers acted in the race committee, the International jury or measurement committee. Examples are: Peter Scott
  Peter Scott
  Sir Peter Markham Scott, CH, CBE, DSC and Bar, MID, FRS, FZS, was a British ornithologist, conservationist, painter, naval officer and sportsman....
  
  , Beppe Croce
  Beppe Croce
  Giuseppe "Beppe" Croce was an Italian sailor. From 1969 - 1986 he was the president of the International Sailing Federation. Croce competed in the 6 metre class at the 1948 Summer Olympics.- References :*...
  
  , Eddy Stutterheim, Jean-Jacques Herbulot and Edgar Beyn.

Sailors

During the Sailing regatta's at the 1960 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:, Paul Elvstrøm winning his fourth consecutive Gold medal, this time in the Finn, Prince of Thailand

Thailand

Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...

, Prinz Bhanubanda Bira in the Star, Past president International Sailing Federation

International Sailing Federation

The International Sailing Federation is recognised by the International Olympic Committee as the world governing body for the sport of sailing....

, Peter Tallberg in the 5.5 Metre