Sadhu bhasa
Encyclopedia
Shadhu-Bhasha is a literary variation of Bengali language
. It remained as a form only to be used in written form unlike the Cholito-bhasa or the colloquial form.
ised form of Bengali is notable for its variations in verb forms and the vocabulary which is mainly composed of Sanskrit
words or totshomo words. It was plainly an artificial vocabulary made it easier for literary works in Sanskrit to be translated and understood at that time. Notably Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar standardised the alphabets and paved the path for literary works. The colloquial usage of Bengali consisted of its mostly Pali
base, Persian
and Arabic
words embedded into the vocabulary, as a result the Hindu
pundits chose the path of sanskritisation to make a so-called "pure" language which is not to be used in day to day conversation but will be used as a modern representative of classical languages into what the works of Sanskrit literature can be translated. This shifted Bengali from it's Pali roots and inserted Sanskrit in its place. This in turn increased the commonality in Bengali vocabulary with other Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindi
and Urdu
.
The development of Shadhu-bhasha and Cholito-bhasha were more or less a parallel development. By the time Vidyasagar
, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
are creating the ground work for Shadhu bhasha, Kaliprasanna Singha
, Peary Chand Mitra
and others are realising the strength of the cholito bhasha.
By the time of Rabindranath Tagore
the shadhu (pure) part of Shadhu bhasha has waned into just a set of verb forms. And in a decade or two he himself would choose Cholito bhasha as a literary form of Bengali
.
Bengali language
Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...
. It remained as a form only to be used in written form unlike the Cholito-bhasa or the colloquial form.
History
This highly artificially sanskritSanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
ised form of Bengali is notable for its variations in verb forms and the vocabulary which is mainly composed of Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
words or totshomo words. It was plainly an artificial vocabulary made it easier for literary works in Sanskrit to be translated and understood at that time. Notably Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar standardised the alphabets and paved the path for literary works. The colloquial usage of Bengali consisted of its mostly Pali
Páli
- External links :* *...
base, Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
and Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
words embedded into the vocabulary, as a result the Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
pundits chose the path of sanskritisation to make a so-called "pure" language which is not to be used in day to day conversation but will be used as a modern representative of classical languages into what the works of Sanskrit literature can be translated. This shifted Bengali from it's Pali roots and inserted Sanskrit in its place. This in turn increased the commonality in Bengali vocabulary with other Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
and Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
.
The development of Shadhu-bhasha and Cholito-bhasha were more or less a parallel development. By the time Vidyasagar
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar CIE , born Ishwar Chandra Bandopadhyaya , was an Indian Bengali polymath and a key figure of the Bengal Renaissance....
, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was a famous Bengali writer, poet and journalist. He was the composer of India’s national song Vande Mataram, originally a Bengali and Sanskrit stotra personifying India as a mother goddess and inspiring the activists during the Indian Freedom Movement...
are creating the ground work for Shadhu bhasha, Kaliprasanna Singha
Kaliprasanna Singha
Kaliprasanna Singha is remembered for his two immortal contributions to Bengali literature viz. translation of Mahabharata, the largest epic, and his book Hutom Pyanchar Naksha...
, Peary Chand Mitra
Peary Chand Mitra
Peary Chand Mitra , was an Indian writer, journalist and a member of Derozio’s Young Bengal group, who played a leading role in the Bengal renaissance with the introduction of simple Bengali prose...
and others are realising the strength of the cholito bhasha.
By the time of Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore , sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his region's literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse", he became the first non-European Nobel laureate by earning the 1913 Prize in Literature...
the shadhu (pure) part of Shadhu bhasha has waned into just a set of verb forms. And in a decade or two he himself would choose Cholito bhasha as a literary form of Bengali
Bengali language
Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...
.