Rufus Anderson Lyman
Encyclopedia
Rufus Anderson Lyman was a son of a missionary who became a lawyer and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii
, founded the Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company, and had many notable descendants.
(1803–1883), missionaries in the fifth company from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
.
He was the namesake
of Rev Rufus Anderson
who was foreign secretary of the mission board and visited his parent's mission in 1863. He attended Punahou School
from 1856 to 1862 (as would ten of his children).
Rufus Lyman married Hualani Ahung (1844–1906) who had a Chinese father and Cherokee-Hawaiian mother. As customary at the time, she also took a Christian first name for her baptism. Her mother, a descendant of King Kūalii of Oahu
, remarried Honolulu postmaster Arthur. P. Brickwood, so Hualani's name was anglicized to "Rebecca Brickwood" on official records for their wedding in 1866.
Her Hawaiian name comes from hua lani which means "offspring from heaven" in the Hawaiian language
.
They had fifteen children, many of whom would become influential in different ways.
Inheriting his mother's interest in observing nearby volcanoes, Lyman developed a theory for the formation of lava tree molds discovered on the ranch of fellow missionary son William Herbert Shipman
(who also married the daughter of Hawaiian nobility).
This area is now Lava Tree State Monument
.
Rufus Anderson became circuit judge in 1866, lieutenant governor of the island in 1868, and served on several other boards and commissions.
While working with the Royal Governor Princess Ruth Keelikōlani
, he became her business advisor, helping her build one of the largest land holdings in the islands. He became tax assessor and collected both taxes and rents on the crown lands. He became friends with King Kamehameha V
and wrote a short biography of the king.
and opened the sugarcane
plantation in Paauhau
. His business partners were Samuel Parker
, William G. Irwin, and Claus Spreckels
. It was headquartered at coordinates 20°5′9"N 155°26′6"W, on a cliff about 300 feet (100m) above the ocean. Fields reached up the slopes of Mauna Kea
, with an innovative transportation system. It became one of the first fully irrigated plantations in 1911. A small town for worker housing grew up above the mill. He opened the first post office in Hāmākua and served as its postmaster. The company was sold to Honokaa Sugar Company in 1972, and it shut down in 1994.
He was called to testify on conditions in Hawaii when a committee of the United States Senate
visited Hawaii island after the annexation. He was in favor of building a breakwater on Hilo Bay. he made clear he was not involved in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, but favored annexation over the Republic of Hawaii
. He favored encouraging settlers to live on their own land, instead of the system that encouraged speculation.
Son Rufus Anderson Jr. (or Rufus Anderson Mahaiula) Lyman, was born January 14, 1868 and died August 20, 1933.
Arthur Brickwood Keonelehua Lyman was born June 12, 1869 and died August 5, 1871.
Son Henry Joiner Kaleiokalani Lyman was born December 18, 1870. He became county supervisor for the Puna district in 1912 and elected to the state House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921. He died on October 29, 1932.
Son Richard Jewell Kahekili Lyman was born August 13, 1872 married Phoebe Hoakalie Williams in 1902, and died on December 10, 1954.
Richard Jewell Hailihiwaokalani also known as Richard J. Lyman Jr. (1903–1988) was a member of the a member of the 1950 Constitutional Convention, and first State Senate 1959–1962.
Richard J. Jr was appointed to a lifetime term as trustee of the Kamehameha Schools
in 1959.
Richard J. Lyman Jr. was named a Living Treasures of Hawai'i
in 1982, and an award at the Kamehameha Schools Song Contest
, Ōlelo Makuahine was named for him in 1989.
Son Norman Kalanilehua Lyman was born March 28, 1875. He married Emmeline Brown, was elected to the territorial House of Representatives from 1913 to 1927. He died on July 22, 1936.
Son Eugene Hollis Kekahuna Lyman was born on January 5, 1876 and died on March 22, 1931.
Son David Belden Kuaana Lyman was born on December 13, 1876 and died on April 4, 1953 in Honolulu. His son David Belden Kuaana Lyman Jr. was born on January 9, 1913, died March 23, 1970, and was buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
.
Muriel Constance Kaniu Hualani Lyman born October 25, 1878 in Paauhau and died April 9, 1883.
Sarah Irene Beatrice Laamaikahiki was born on April 30, 1880, and died in 1966.
Clarence Kumukoa Lyman was born February 28, 1882, was the first Hawaiian admitted to U.S. Military Academy at West Point
. He died May 16, 1915, from an injury during a polo
match.
Rebekkah Agnes Lyman was born October 21, 1883 and died soon after on October 31, 1883.
Son Albert Kualii Brickwood Lyman was born May 5, 1885, graduated from West Point in 1909, and served as an officer of the U.S. Army the rest of his life. Over 35 years, he was posted in Panama
, France
, Cuba
and Philippines
. In May 1940 as Colonel
he was assigned to Schofield Barracks, commanding the 34th Engineer Combat Regiment of the 804th Engineer Aviation Battalion and 3rd Engineer Combat Battalion of the 25th Infantry Division. After the attack on Pearl Harbor
, the 804th Engineers worked to salvage Wheeler Army Airfield
, and the 3rd Engineers worked on defenses for the expected invasion. Albert was promoted to Brigadier General
only a few days before his death August 13, 1942, and had the Hilo International Airport
named after him (later the name was applied to a new terminal building).
Son Charles Reed Bishop Lyman, born August 20, 1888 graduated from West Point in 1913 where he played on the football team. He was namesake of Charles Reed Bishop
who founded a system of boarding schools based on the one founded by Rufus Lyman's parents, using an endowment that included the property of Princess Ruth Keelikōlani. He married Polly Richmond (1907–2004). In July 1942, after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Charles, a full colonel, was appointed military governor of the islands of Maui
, Lānai
and Molokai
. Charles was promoted to brigadier general in 1944 and commanded a brigade of the 32nd Infantry Division. In June 1945 he deployed in the Battle of Leyte
and Battle of Luzon
in the Philippines
. He participated in the signing of the peace treaty at Baguio City
. He retired to West Chester, Pennsylvania
and died April 15, 1981. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery
.
His grandson continued operating his horse ranch called "Maui Meadow Farm".
Lewis Thorton Lyman was born September 20, 1891 and died October 13, 1948.
Albert and Charles were the first Hawaiians (and perhaps mixed-race Asian American
s) to become Generals
in the U.S. Army.
Kingdom of Hawaii
The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
, founded the Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company, and had many notable descendants.
Life
He was born on June 23, 1842 at Hilo and died July 4, 1910 at Hilo. His mother was Sarah Joiner (1805–1885) and father was David Belden LymanDavid Belden Lyman
David Belden Lyman was an early American missionary to Hawaii who opened a boarding school for Hawaiians. His wife Sarah Joiner Lyman taught at the boarding school and kept an important journal. They had several notable descendants.-Family life:David Belden Lyman was born in on July 28, 1803 in...
(1803–1883), missionaries in the fifth company from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was the first American Christian foreign mission agency. It was proposed in 1810 by recent graduates of Williams College and officially chartered in 1812. In 1961 it merged with other societies to form the United Church Board for World...
.
He was the namesake
Namesake
Namesake is a term used to characterize a person, place, thing, quality, action, state, or idea that has the same, or a similar, name to another....
of Rev Rufus Anderson
Rufus Anderson
Rufus Anderson was an American minister who spent several decades organizing overseas missions.-Life:Rufus Anderson was born in North Yarmouth, Maine, on August 17, 1796. His father, also named Rufus Anderson, was Congregationalist pastor of the church in North Yarmouth. His mother was Hannah...
who was foreign secretary of the mission board and visited his parent's mission in 1863. He attended Punahou School
Punahou School
Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private, co-educational, college preparatory school located in Honolulu CDP, City and County of Honolulu in the U.S. State of Hawaii...
from 1856 to 1862 (as would ten of his children).
Rufus Lyman married Hualani Ahung (1844–1906) who had a Chinese father and Cherokee-Hawaiian mother. As customary at the time, she also took a Christian first name for her baptism. Her mother, a descendant of King Kūalii of Oahu
Kualii
Kūalii Kunuiakea Kuikealaikauaokalani, the 19th Alii Aimoku of Oahu and 20th Alii Aimoku of Kauai. He ruled as titular King or chief of Oahu and of Kauai. Kūalii is remembered for his famous kanawai, Law of Ni'aupi'o Kolowalu, which required farmers and fishermen to welcome and feed hungry strangers...
, remarried Honolulu postmaster Arthur. P. Brickwood, so Hualani's name was anglicized to "Rebecca Brickwood" on official records for their wedding in 1866.
Her Hawaiian name comes from hua lani which means "offspring from heaven" in the Hawaiian language
Hawaiian language
The Hawaiian language is a Polynesian language that takes its name from Hawaii, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed. Hawaiian, along with English, is an official language of the state of Hawaii...
.
They had fifteen children, many of whom would become influential in different ways.
Inheriting his mother's interest in observing nearby volcanoes, Lyman developed a theory for the formation of lava tree molds discovered on the ranch of fellow missionary son William Herbert Shipman
William Herbert Shipman
William Herbert Shipman was a wealthy businessman on the island of Hawaii. One estate of his family was used to preserve an endangered species of Hawaiian Goose. A historic house associated with his family for over a hundred years is called the W. H. Shipman House in Hilo, Hawaii...
(who also married the daughter of Hawaiian nobility).
This area is now Lava Tree State Monument
Lava Tree State Monument
Lava Tree State Monument is a public park located southeast of Pāhoa in the Puna District on the island of Hawaii.It preserves lava molds of the tree trunks that were formed when a lava flow swept through a forested area in 1790.-Features:...
.
Rufus Anderson became circuit judge in 1866, lieutenant governor of the island in 1868, and served on several other boards and commissions.
While working with the Royal Governor Princess Ruth Keelikōlani
Keelikolani
Princess Ruth Luka Keanolani Kauanahoahoa Keelikōlani , was a member of the Kamehameha family, the founding dynasty of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She served as Royal Governor of the Island of Hawaii. As primary heir to the Kamehameha family, Ruth became a landholder of what would become the Bernice...
, he became her business advisor, helping her build one of the largest land holdings in the islands. He became tax assessor and collected both taxes and rents on the crown lands. He became friends with King Kamehameha V
Kamehameha V
aloghaKamehameha V , born as Lot Kapuāiwa, reigned as monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872. His motto was "Onipa`a": immovable, firm, steadfast or determined; he worked diligently for his people and kingdom and was described as the last great traditional chief...
and wrote a short biography of the king.
Planter
In 1878 the family moved to the Hāmākua districtHamakua
thumb|right|280px|Districts of [[Hawaii |Hawaii island]]: from northernmost, clockwise; [[Kohala, Hawaii|Kohala]], Hāmākua , [[Hilo, Hawaii|Hilo]], [[Puna, Hawaii|Puna]], [[Kau, Hawaii|Kaū]], [[Kona District, Hawaii|Kona]]...
and opened the sugarcane
Sugarcane
Sugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species of tall perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum . Native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six metres tall...
plantation in Paauhau
Paauhau, Hawaii
Paauhau is an unincorporated community on the island of Hawaii in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. Paauhau is located near the north coast of the island, east-northeast of Honokaa.-History:...
. His business partners were Samuel Parker
Samuel Parker (Hawaii)
Samuel Parker, known as Kamuela Parker was a major landowner and businessman on the island of Hawaii, heir to the Parker Ranch estate...
, William G. Irwin, and Claus Spreckels
Claus Spreckels
Claus Spreckels, formally Adolph Claus J. Spreckels , , was a major industrialist in Hawai'i during the kingdom, republican and territorial periods of the islands' history...
. It was headquartered at coordinates 20°5′9"N 155°26′6"W, on a cliff about 300 feet (100m) above the ocean. Fields reached up the slopes of Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii. Standing above sea level, its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. However, much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over tall—significantly taller than Mount Everest...
, with an innovative transportation system. It became one of the first fully irrigated plantations in 1911. A small town for worker housing grew up above the mill. He opened the first post office in Hāmākua and served as its postmaster. The company was sold to Honokaa Sugar Company in 1972, and it shut down in 1994.
He was called to testify on conditions in Hawaii when a committee of the United States Senate
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
visited Hawaii island after the annexation. He was in favor of building a breakwater on Hilo Bay. he made clear he was not involved in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, but favored annexation over the Republic of Hawaii
Republic of Hawaii
The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands...
. He favored encouraging settlers to live on their own land, instead of the system that encouraged speculation.
Children
Daughter Lilian Louisa Hanakahi Lyman, was born November 2, 1866 and died June 5, 1894.Son Rufus Anderson Jr. (or Rufus Anderson Mahaiula) Lyman, was born January 14, 1868 and died August 20, 1933.
Arthur Brickwood Keonelehua Lyman was born June 12, 1869 and died August 5, 1871.
Son Henry Joiner Kaleiokalani Lyman was born December 18, 1870. He became county supervisor for the Puna district in 1912 and elected to the state House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921. He died on October 29, 1932.
Son Richard Jewell Kahekili Lyman was born August 13, 1872 married Phoebe Hoakalie Williams in 1902, and died on December 10, 1954.
Richard Jewell Hailihiwaokalani also known as Richard J. Lyman Jr. (1903–1988) was a member of the a member of the 1950 Constitutional Convention, and first State Senate 1959–1962.
Richard J. Jr was appointed to a lifetime term as trustee of the Kamehameha Schools
Kamehameha Schools
Kamehameha Schools , formerly called Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estate , is a private co-educational college-preparatory institution that specializes in Native Hawaiian language and cultural education. It is located in Hawaii and operates three campuses: Kapālama , Pukalani , and Keaau...
in 1959.
Richard J. Lyman Jr. was named a Living Treasures of Hawai'i
Living Treasures of Hawai'i
The Living Treasures of Hawaii program was created by the Buddhist temple Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawai'i to honor residents of Hawaii. The criteria for selection are, "First, the designee must demonstrate continuous growth in his or her field; second, the potential Living Treasure must have...
in 1982, and an award at the Kamehameha Schools Song Contest
Kamehameha Schools Song Contest
The Kamehameha Schools Song Contest is an annual choral music competition between the grades 9-12 graduating classes of the Kamehameha Schools Kapālama Campus. The contest is televised live throughout the state of Hawaii on KGMB. It is also webcast live on the school's website and has previously...
, Ōlelo Makuahine was named for him in 1989.
Son Norman Kalanilehua Lyman was born March 28, 1875. He married Emmeline Brown, was elected to the territorial House of Representatives from 1913 to 1927. He died on July 22, 1936.
Son Eugene Hollis Kekahuna Lyman was born on January 5, 1876 and died on March 22, 1931.
Son David Belden Kuaana Lyman was born on December 13, 1876 and died on April 4, 1953 in Honolulu. His son David Belden Kuaana Lyman Jr. was born on January 9, 1913, died March 23, 1970, and was buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
The National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific is a cemetery located in Honolulu, Hawaii that serves a memorial to those men and women who served in the United States Armed Forces...
.
Muriel Constance Kaniu Hualani Lyman born October 25, 1878 in Paauhau and died April 9, 1883.
Sarah Irene Beatrice Laamaikahiki was born on April 30, 1880, and died in 1966.
Clarence Kumukoa Lyman was born February 28, 1882, was the first Hawaiian admitted to U.S. Military Academy at West Point
United States Military Academy
The United States Military Academy at West Point is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located at West Point, New York. The academy sits on scenic high ground overlooking the Hudson River, north of New York City...
. He died May 16, 1915, from an injury during a polo
Polo
Polo is a team sport played on horseback in which the objective is to score goals against an opposing team. Sometimes called, "The Sport of Kings", it was highly popularized by the British. Players score by driving a small white plastic or wooden ball into the opposing team's goal using a...
match.
Rebekkah Agnes Lyman was born October 21, 1883 and died soon after on October 31, 1883.
Son Albert Kualii Brickwood Lyman was born May 5, 1885, graduated from West Point in 1909, and served as an officer of the U.S. Army the rest of his life. Over 35 years, he was posted in Panama
Panama
Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
and Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. In May 1940 as Colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
he was assigned to Schofield Barracks, commanding the 34th Engineer Combat Regiment of the 804th Engineer Aviation Battalion and 3rd Engineer Combat Battalion of the 25th Infantry Division. After the attack on Pearl Harbor
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941...
, the 804th Engineers worked to salvage Wheeler Army Airfield
Wheeler Army Airfield
Wheeler Army Airfield , also known as Wheeler Field and formerly as Wheeler Air Force Base, is a United States Army post located in the City & County of Honolulu and in the Wahiawa District of the Island of O'ahu, Hawaii...
, and the 3rd Engineers worked on defenses for the expected invasion. Albert was promoted to Brigadier General
Brigadier General
Brigadier general is a senior rank in the armed forces. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries, usually sitting between the ranks of colonel and major general. When appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000...
only a few days before his death August 13, 1942, and had the Hilo International Airport
Hilo International Airport
Hilo International Airport , formerly General Lyman Field, is owned and operated by the Hawaii state Department of Transportation. Located in Hilo, Hawaii County, the airport encompasses and is one of two major airports on Hawaii Island and one of five major airports in the state...
named after him (later the name was applied to a new terminal building).
| West Point graduates Clarence, Albert, and Charles Lyman | ||
Son Charles Reed Bishop Lyman, born August 20, 1888 graduated from West Point in 1913 where he played on the football team. He was namesake of Charles Reed Bishop
Charles Reed Bishop
Charles Reed Bishop was a businessman and philanthropist in Hawaii.Born in Glens Falls, New York, he sailed to Hawaii in 1846 at the age of 24, and made his home there. Bishop was one of the first trustees of and a major donor to the Kamehameha Schools in Hawaii...
who founded a system of boarding schools based on the one founded by Rufus Lyman's parents, using an endowment that included the property of Princess Ruth Keelikōlani. He married Polly Richmond (1907–2004). In July 1942, after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Charles, a full colonel, was appointed military governor of the islands of Maui
Maui
The island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the state of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Lānai, Kahoolawe, and Molokai. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444,...
, Lānai
Lanai
Lānai or Lanai is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is also known as the Pineapple Island because of its past as an island-wide pineapple plantation. The only town is Lānai City, a small settlement....
and Molokai
Molokai
Molokai or Molokai is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles in size with a land area of , making it the fifth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States. It lies east of Oahu across the 25-mile wide Kaiwi Channel and north of...
. Charles was promoted to brigadier general in 1944 and commanded a brigade of the 32nd Infantry Division. In June 1945 he deployed in the Battle of Leyte
Battle of Leyte
The Battle of Leyte in the Pacific campaign of World War II was the invasion and conquest of the island of Leyte in the Philippines by American and Filipino guerrilla forces under the command of General Douglas MacArthur, who fought against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Philippines led by...
and Battle of Luzon
Battle of Luzon
The Battle of Luzon was a land battle fought as part of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony The Philippines, and Mexico against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory...
in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. He participated in the signing of the peace treaty at Baguio City
Baguio City
The City of Baguio is a highly urbanized city in northern Luzon in the Philippines. Baguio City was established by Americans in 1900 at the site of an Ibaloi village known as Kafagway...
. He retired to West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester, Pennsylvania
The Borough of West Chester is the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,461 at the 2010 census.Valley Forge, the Brandywine Battlefield, Longwood Gardens, Marsh Creek State Park, and other historical attractions are near West Chester...
and died April 15, 1981. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States of America, established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, formerly the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna Lee, a great...
.
His grandson continued operating his horse ranch called "Maui Meadow Farm".
Lewis Thorton Lyman was born September 20, 1891 and died October 13, 1948.
Albert and Charles were the first Hawaiians (and perhaps mixed-race Asian American
Asian American
Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau definition of Asians as "Asian” refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan,...
s) to become Generals
General (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, general is a four-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-10. General ranks above lieutenant general and below General of the Army or General of the Air Force; the Marine Corps does not have an...
in the U.S. Army.