Riyad Hassan El-Khoudary
Encyclopedia
Riyad Hassan El Khoudary , (born July 27, 1943), is a well known Palestinian academic. He heads the Education and Higher Education Department of PLO, being a member of its executive committee and a member of the Palestinian National Council
(PNC) and the Palestinian Central Council
(PCC). He is also the Vice President of the Board of Trustees of Al-Quds Open University
.
He is the founder of Al-Azhar University - Gaza
and was its president during the period from 1991–2005.
He was also the leader of the founding team of the Gaza University (Formerly known as Gaza Women University) and was its president From 2007–2010.
Being Specialized in Geology; Prof. Dr. Riyad El Khoudary shared strongly on the Middle East multilateral peace talks and headed the Palestinian delegation in the working group on water resources since 1992.
City – then in the British mandate of Palestine, where he attended primary, preparatory, and secondary schools, and completed his secondary school education in June 1960.
In September 1960, he moved to Egypt
and studied Geology at the Faculty of Science of the University of Cairo and got his B.Sc., special degree in Geology in June 1964.
In the Spring of 1965 he was awarded a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD
) for post graduate studies in Geology. Subsequently he left to Germany in the summer of 1965, studied German language for 6 months and then started his postgraduate studies. In December 1968 he got his M.Sc. in Geology and in August 1972 he earned his PhD in the same field from the University of Stuttgart
. The title of his published doctoral dissertation was "Investigations in the Upper Jurassic of the Iberian Cordillera with special regard to the Micro fauna (Province of Teruel and Rincon de Ademuz)".
in August 1972; El Khoudary moved subsequently to Libya
to work as a lecturer at the Faculty of Petroleum & Mining Engg. Of Al Fateh University
in Tripoli
and stayed at that university until the Summer of 1983.
During the mentioned period he shared strongly on the establishment and development of The Geological & Geophysical Engg. Dept. of the mentioned faculty and was named as the Head of the Dept. from 1979 to 1983. In addition, and beside his teaching activities he was able to devote some of his time to research and to publish papers and write books in his field of specialization (See list of publications).
During his stay in Tripoli
and depending on his Academic, research and establishing services he was promoted to assistant professor in April 1976, and to associate professor in August 1979.
(IUG).
During the period of his work at the mentioned university (1983–1991) he was very active in fulfilling his duties.
Beside his teaching activities he was charged with the following administrative positions:
He also published some papers (See list of publications) and he was promoted to full professor in 1986.
(PLO) leadership in Tunisia decided to establish a national university in the Gaza Strip (Al-Azhar University - Gaza
) and Prof. El Khoudary was heading the team of preparation and establishment of the new University in Gaza
, he was its first president from 1991 to 2005.
During the mentioned period it was possible for Prof. El Khoudary and his colleagues to establish a modern university with about 14000 students studying in 9 faculties in addition to other facilities and centers.
In 1995 Prof. El Khoudary established and headed the Water Research Center at the same university until 2005.
in the West bank and Gaza and Prof. El Khoudary was charged with the establishment of the branch of Gaza and was named as its vice president for Gaza Strip
affairs Until December 1999, In March 2006 Prof. El Khoudary was assigned as the Vice Chairman of the board of trustees of Al-Quds Open University
of Palestine.
Prof. El Khoudary was its president from 2007–2010.
Through this activity he was able to share the Palestinian delegation on studies on water (See publication list).
During the meeting of the PNC in Gaza in 1996, El Khoudary was elected as a member of the P.L.O. executive committee headed by the president Yasser Arafat
.
In February 2005 Prof El Khoudary was assigned by president Mahmood Abbas to be the head of the department of education and higher education of the P.L.O., taking the responsibility of the Palestinians in the diaspora.
Palestinian National Council
The Palestinian National Council is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization and elects its Executive Committee, which assumes leadership of the organization between its sessions. The Council normally meets every two years. Resolutions are passed by a simple majority with a...
(PNC) and the Palestinian Central Council
Palestinian Central Council
The Palestinian Central Council , also known as PLO Central Council, is one of the institutions of the Palestine Liberation Organization . The PCC makes policy decisions when the Palestinian National Council is not in session. The PCC is acting as a link between the PNC and the PLO Executive...
(PCC). He is also the Vice President of the Board of Trustees of Al-Quds Open University
Al-Quds Open University
Al-Quds Open University is an administratively, academically and financially independent public university. According to the university's website, it was established in Amman, Jordan, by a decree issued by the Palestinian Liberation Organization and started operating in the Palestinian territories...
.
He is the founder of Al-Azhar University - Gaza
Al-Azhar University - Gaza
Al-Azhar University – Gaza is a Palestinian university established in 1992 in Gaza City, Palestinian territories.-History:The department of desalination was established on 1995 by Riyad Hassan El-Khoudary. The water research center is an independent non-government Palestinian institution...
and was its president during the period from 1991–2005.
He was also the leader of the founding team of the Gaza University (Formerly known as Gaza Women University) and was its president From 2007–2010.
Being Specialized in Geology; Prof. Dr. Riyad El Khoudary shared strongly on the Middle East multilateral peace talks and headed the Palestinian delegation in the working group on water resources since 1992.
Childhood and education
Riyad Hassan El Khoudary was born in 1943 in GazaGaza
Gaza , also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of about 450,000, making it the largest city in the Palestinian territories.Inhabited since at least the 15th century BC,...
City – then in the British mandate of Palestine, where he attended primary, preparatory, and secondary schools, and completed his secondary school education in June 1960.
In September 1960, he moved to Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
and studied Geology at the Faculty of Science of the University of Cairo and got his B.Sc., special degree in Geology in June 1964.
In the Spring of 1965 he was awarded a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD
German Academic Exchange Service
The German Academic Exchange Service or DAAD is the largest German support organisation in the field of international academic co-operation....
) for post graduate studies in Geology. Subsequently he left to Germany in the summer of 1965, studied German language for 6 months and then started his postgraduate studies. In December 1968 he got his M.Sc. in Geology and in August 1972 he earned his PhD in the same field from the University of Stuttgart
University of Stuttgart
The University of Stuttgart is a university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized in 10 faculties....
. The title of his published doctoral dissertation was "Investigations in the Upper Jurassic of the Iberian Cordillera with special regard to the Micro fauna (Province of Teruel and Rincon de Ademuz)".
Al Fateh University – Tripoli
After earning his PhD in Geology from the University of StuttgartUniversity of Stuttgart
The University of Stuttgart is a university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized in 10 faculties....
in August 1972; El Khoudary moved subsequently to Libya
Libya
Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
to work as a lecturer at the Faculty of Petroleum & Mining Engg. Of Al Fateh University
Al Fateh University
University of Tripoli , formerly known as the Al Fateh University, is the largest and most important institute of higher education in Libya, providing undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels of study. It is located in the capital Tripoli...
in Tripoli
Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three...
and stayed at that university until the Summer of 1983.
During the mentioned period he shared strongly on the establishment and development of The Geological & Geophysical Engg. Dept. of the mentioned faculty and was named as the Head of the Dept. from 1979 to 1983. In addition, and beside his teaching activities he was able to devote some of his time to research and to publish papers and write books in his field of specialization (See list of publications).
During his stay in Tripoli
Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three...
and depending on his Academic, research and establishing services he was promoted to assistant professor in April 1976, and to associate professor in August 1979.
Islamic University – Gaza
In 1983 El Khoudary returned to Gaza to work at the faculty of Science of the Islamic University of GazaIslamic University of Gaza
Islamic University of Gaza is an independent Palestinian university established in 1978 in Gaza City, Palestinian territories. The university, according to its website, has 10 faculties capable of awarding either B.A., B.Sc., M.A., M.Sc., Diploma and higher diploma in their respective disciplines...
(IUG).
During the period of his work at the mentioned university (1983–1991) he was very active in fulfilling his duties.
Beside his teaching activities he was charged with the following administrative positions:
- Vice president for administrative affairs from Jan 1984 to Dec 1985 and from Oct 1987 to Oct 1989.
- Vice president of scientific research from Dec 1989 to Nov 1990.
- Dean of the faculty of Science from Dec 1985 to Oct 1987.
He also published some papers (See list of publications) and he was promoted to full professor in 1986.
Al-Azhar University – Gaza
In 1991 the Palestine Liberation OrganizationPalestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed...
(PLO) leadership in Tunisia decided to establish a national university in the Gaza Strip (Al-Azhar University - Gaza
Al-Azhar University - Gaza
Al-Azhar University – Gaza is a Palestinian university established in 1992 in Gaza City, Palestinian territories.-History:The department of desalination was established on 1995 by Riyad Hassan El-Khoudary. The water research center is an independent non-government Palestinian institution...
) and Prof. El Khoudary was heading the team of preparation and establishment of the new University in Gaza
Gaza
Gaza , also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of about 450,000, making it the largest city in the Palestinian territories.Inhabited since at least the 15th century BC,...
, he was its first president from 1991 to 2005.
During the mentioned period it was possible for Prof. El Khoudary and his colleagues to establish a modern university with about 14000 students studying in 9 faculties in addition to other facilities and centers.
In 1995 Prof. El Khoudary established and headed the Water Research Center at the same university until 2005.
Al-Quds Open University
The year of 1992 witnessed the establishment of Al-Quds Open UniversityAl-Quds Open University
Al-Quds Open University is an administratively, academically and financially independent public university. According to the university's website, it was established in Amman, Jordan, by a decree issued by the Palestinian Liberation Organization and started operating in the Palestinian territories...
in the West bank and Gaza and Prof. El Khoudary was charged with the establishment of the branch of Gaza and was named as its vice president for Gaza Strip
Gaza Strip
thumb|Gaza city skylineThe Gaza Strip lies on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The Strip borders Egypt on the southwest and Israel on the south, east and north. It is about long, and between 6 and 12 kilometres wide, with a total area of...
affairs Until December 1999, In March 2006 Prof. El Khoudary was assigned as the Vice Chairman of the board of trustees of Al-Quds Open University
Al-Quds Open University
Al-Quds Open University is an administratively, academically and financially independent public university. According to the university's website, it was established in Amman, Jordan, by a decree issued by the Palestinian Liberation Organization and started operating in the Palestinian territories...
of Palestine.
Gaza University – Gaza
In the year of 2006 a group of active Palestinians led by Prof. El Khoudary decided to establish a private University in Gaza under the name of Gaza Women University. The university started its academic activities in September – 2009 and its name was changed in 2010 to Gaza University to enable both genders to join it.Prof. El Khoudary was its president from 2007–2010.
Involvement with P.L.O. activities
Being Geologist Prof. El Khoudary was nominated by P.L.O. in 1992 to be a member of the Palestinian team of the Middle East Peace talks and headed the Palestinian delegation in the multilateral working group on water resources.Through this activity he was able to share the Palestinian delegation on studies on water (See publication list).
During the meeting of the PNC in Gaza in 1996, El Khoudary was elected as a member of the P.L.O. executive committee headed by the president Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat
Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...
.
In February 2005 Prof El Khoudary was assigned by president Mahmood Abbas to be the head of the department of education and higher education of the P.L.O., taking the responsibility of the Palestinians in the diaspora.
Achievements
- Founder of The Geological Engg. Dept. at Al Fateh UniversityAl Fateh UniversityUniversity of Tripoli , formerly known as the Al Fateh University, is the largest and most important institute of higher education in Libya, providing undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels of study. It is located in the capital Tripoli...
(TripoliTripoliTripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three...
) – LibyaLibyaLibya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
(1979). - Founder of Al-Azhar University - GazaAl-Azhar University - GazaAl-Azhar University – Gaza is a Palestinian university established in 1992 in Gaza City, Palestinian territories.-History:The department of desalination was established on 1995 by Riyad Hassan El-Khoudary. The water research center is an independent non-government Palestinian institution...
(1991). - Founder of Al-Quds Open UniversityAl-Quds Open UniversityAl-Quds Open University is an administratively, academically and financially independent public university. According to the university's website, it was established in Amman, Jordan, by a decree issued by the Palestinian Liberation Organization and started operating in the Palestinian territories...
Branch in GazaGazaGaza , also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of about 450,000, making it the largest city in the Palestinian territories.Inhabited since at least the 15th century BC,...
(1992). - Founder of The Water Research Center at Al-Azhar University - GazaAl-Azhar University - GazaAl-Azhar University – Gaza is a Palestinian university established in 1992 in Gaza City, Palestinian territories.-History:The department of desalination was established on 1995 by Riyad Hassan El-Khoudary. The water research center is an independent non-government Palestinian institution...
(1995). - Head of the founding team of Gaza University (2006) (Formerly known as Gaza Women University).
Membership of associations and committees
- Head of the Palestinian Delegation in the Middle East Multilateral Working Group on Water Resources since 1992.
- Head of the Water Research Center of Al-Azhar University - GazaAl-Azhar University - GazaAl-Azhar University – Gaza is a Palestinian university established in 1992 in Gaza City, Palestinian territories.-History:The department of desalination was established on 1995 by Riyad Hassan El-Khoudary. The water research center is an independent non-government Palestinian institution...
(1995–2005). - Member of the Arab Association of Geologists.
- Member of the Committee of Higher Education Council for Higher Education in Jerusalem.
- Member of PNCPalestinian National CouncilThe Palestinian National Council is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization and elects its Executive Committee, which assumes leadership of the organization between its sessions. The Council normally meets every two years. Resolutions are passed by a simple majority with a...
and PCCPalestinian Central CouncilThe Palestinian Central Council , also known as PLO Central Council, is one of the institutions of the Palestine Liberation Organization . The PCC makes policy decisions when the Palestinian National Council is not in session. The PCC is acting as a link between the PNC and the PLO Executive...
since 1996. - Member of the P.L.O. – Executive Committee since April 1996.
- Member of the Water Academy, chair no. 43, OsloOsloOslo is a municipality, as well as the capital and most populous city in Norway. As a municipality , it was established on 1 January 1838. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by fire in 1624. The city was moved under the reign of Denmark–Norway's King...
– NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
.
Publications
17 published papers in International Journals and (3) books written in Arabic language for students of Geology.List of Publications
1. | EL KHOUDARY, R.H.: Investigations in the Upper Jurassic of the Iberian Cordillera with special regards to the microfauna (Province Teruel and Rincon de Ademuz).N. Jb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh, 144, no. 3, p. 296–341, Stuttgart Stuttgart Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million .... – 1974. |
2. | EL KHOUDARY, R.H.: Upper Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera from Wadi Bakur, S. E. Tukrah, NE-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... .Lib. J. Sci. vol. 6B, P.55-78, 9 pls.,Tripoli Tripoli Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three... – 1976. |
3. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Truncorotaloides libyaensis, a new planktonic Foraminifer from Jabal Al Akhdar, NE-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... .Rev. Esp. Micropal,. vol.9, no.3, p. 327–336, 2 plc.,Madrid Madrid Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan... – 1977. |
4. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Studies on the genus Truncorotaloides (Foram.) from the North Eastern Libyan Jamahiriya.Lib. J. Sci., vol. 8A, P.55-67, 3 pls.Tripoli Tripoli Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three... – 1978. |
5. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Agglutinated foraminifera from the Cenomanian Sidi as' Sid formation of NW-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... .FPME Journal, vol. 1, p. 59–64, 2 pls.,Tripoli Tripoli Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three... – 1978. |
6. | HELMDACH, F. F. & EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Ostacoda and Planktonic Foraminifera from the Late Eocene of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... .In the Geology of Libya, vol. 1, p. 255–270, 2 pls. Academic Press,London – 1980. |
7. | EL KHOUDARY, R.H.: Planktonic Foraminifera from the Middle Eocene of the northern escarpment of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... In the Geology of Libya, vol. 1, p. 193–204, 2 pls. Academic Press,London – 1980. |
8. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H. & HELMDACH, F. F.: Biostratigraphic studies on the Middle Eocene of the northern escarpment of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE-Libya.FPME Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 35–46, 3 pls.,Tripoli Tripoli Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three... – 1980. |
9. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H. & HELMDACH, F. F.: Biostratigraphic studies on the Upper Eocene Apollonia Formation of N. W. Jabal Al Akhdar, NE-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... Rev. Esp. Micropal., vol 13, no. 1, p. 5–23, 8 pls.Madrid Madrid Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan... – 1981. |
10. | HELMDACH, F. F. & EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Three new Ostracod species from the Middle Eocene of the northern escarpment of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... FPME Journal, vol. 3, p. 23–28, 1pl., Tripoli Tripoli Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three... – 1982. |
11. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Micropaleontology of the Eocene Apollonia Formation of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE-Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... .In proceedings of the Second Jordanian Geological Conference, 22–24. April 1985, p. 290–305,Amman Amman Amman is the capital of Jordan. It is the country's political, cultural and commercial centre and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The Greater Amman area has a population of 2,842,629 as of 2010. The population of Amman is expected to jump from 2.8 million to almost... – 1985. |
12. | EL KHOUDARY, R.H. & ANAN H. S.: Preliminary study on the Geology and Geomorphology of Wadi Ghazzah, Gaza Strip Gaza Strip thumb|Gaza city skylineThe Gaza Strip lies on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The Strip borders Egypt on the southwest and Israel on the south, east and north. It is about long, and between 6 and 12 kilometres wide, with a total area of... .Ibid, p. 531–539,Amman Amman Amman is the capital of Jordan. It is the country's political, cultural and commercial centre and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The Greater Amman area has a population of 2,842,629 as of 2010. The population of Amman is expected to jump from 2.8 million to almost... – 1985. |
13. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Rocks and Soil in Palestine (in Arabic), in Proceedings of the First Palestinian Ecology Conference, p. 29–34,Bethlehem Bethlehem Bethlehem is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank of the Jordan River, near Israel and approximately south of Jerusalem, with a population of about 30,000 people. It is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority and a hub of Palestinian culture and tourism... – 1987. |
14. | EL KHOUDARY, R.H. & ZAROUR, H.: Water in Palestine (in Arabic), In proceeding of the fifth meeting of the Arabic committee for The Hydrologic programme. 6 pages,Cairo Cairo Cairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life... – 1992. |
15. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H.: Water Crisis in the Gaza Strip and proposed solutions, in Water as an Element of cooperation and Development in the Middle East, p. 363–370,Ankara Ankara Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million.... – 1994. |
16. | EL KHOUDARY, R. H. et al. "Water laws, Water Institutions, and Water Supply Economics, vol. 1, Palestinian part". Report edited by J.M. Trolldalen for the Center of Environmental Studies and Research Management,Oslo Oslo Oslo is a municipality, as well as the capital and most populous city in Norway. As a municipality , it was established on 1 January 1838. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by fire in 1624. The city was moved under the reign of Denmark–Norway's King... – 1997. |
17. | Middle East Regional Study on Water Supply and Demand Development, a study prepared by the Multilateral working group on water resources,GTZ – Palestinian TeamGermany 1996, 1997, 1998 |