Recorder (judge)
Encyclopedia
A Recorder is a judicial officer in England and Wales. It now refers to two quite different appointments. The ancient Recorderships of England and Wales now form part of a system of Honorary Recorderships which are filled by the most senior full-time circuit judges. A modern system of statutory Recorders, on the other hand, has since 1971 appointed barristers and solicitors to part-time positions as judges, who sit for 3–6 weeks a year with the powers of Circuit Judges.
The term Recorder refers to the highest legal officer of a particular area. Formerly, a Recorder was a certain magistrate
or judge
having criminal and civil jurisdiction in a city or borough. A recorder was originally an appointed person with legal knowledge by the mayor and aldermen to 'record' the proceedings of their courts and the customs of the city. Such recordings were regarded as the highest evidence of fact.
The Recorder of London, is still appointed by the Court of Aldermen
and is a member of it. In other areas, the appointment is made by the Crown. The duties of the office are regulated by the Municipal Corporations Act of 5 and 6 William IV and subsequent enactments.
Where the position of borough Recorder is sought to be made by local councils the Lord Chief Justice set out "Guidelines for the Appointment of Honorary Recorders" stating the process of appointment that where it has been the practice of most large City Councils to appoint the Resident Judge to be Honorary Recorder of the city during his tenure of the office.
The appointment of an Honorary Recorder is made by the borough council concerned, and does not require the approval of the Lord Chancellor or the Lord Chief Justice, but the Lord Chief Justice would be pleased if boroughs considering making such an appointment would first consult the Senior Presiding Judge for England and Wales.
The Recorder of London is a senior Circuit Judge sitting at the Central Criminal Court (the Old Bailey
). The office has an ancient association with the City of London
.
Since the Courts Act of 1971, the system has been put on a statutory footing and some new positions have been created (for example, Redbridge). They are now usually filled by full-time judges as a recognition of seniority. To distinguish them from the modern system of part-time Recorderships (see below) which was set up in 1971, historic and full-time Recorders are now usually designated "Honorary Recorders" but are usually styled "The Recorder of Anytown" ie the name of the city or borough which has conferred the title. Slightly confusingly, due to the reorganisation of court buildings and the districts and circuits which have been relocated into them, especially where local government reorganisation has occurred at the same time, such titles although bestowed by one Council may be held by the Senior Resident Judge sitting in another borough; a leading example is that The Recorder of Westminster
presides at Southwark
Crown Court
.
The senior circuit judge of a metropolitan area, for example Manchester
, Liverpool
or Cardiff
, may have the title Honorary Recorder. The practice for appointment of Honorary Recorders is now to be found in the Lord Chief Justice's Guidelines for the Appointment of Honorary Recorders issued in October 2007.
Not all senior circuit judges are Honorary Recorders, but most Honorary Recorders are senior circuit judges.
Honorary Recorders who are also senior circuit judges may wear red robes (which carry more prestige) and are entitled to be addressed in Court as "My Lord/Lady" (like a High Court Judge) instead of "Your Honour" (like other circuit judges, including senior circuit judges who are not Honorary Recorders).
Appointments are made by the Crown by Royal Warrant, on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor. Since 2006, however, the Lord Chancellor's recommendations are based upon an independent appointments process supervised by the Judicial Appointments Commission.
In the Courts of England and Wales
, a Recorder is a barrister
or solicitor
. Recorders were originally required to be of at least 10 years' standing, though that requirement has been reduced in recent years to 7 years' standing. Recorders are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Lord Chancellor
to hold part-time judicial office. A Recorder acting as such has all the powers of a Circuit judge and may sit in the Crown Court
or in the County Court
. If appointed to do so under section 9(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, a Recorder may sit as a part time High Court Judge
.
A Recorder is paid a daily fee and is expected to sit as a judge for between 3 and 6 weeks a year.
There are also recorders in the courts of Hong Kong.
is a single court sitting at numerous locations throughout England & Wales. At each Crown Court centre, a particular judge is appointed "Resident Judge", leads the team of judges who sit there and provides the essential link between the judiciary and the administration
In the late twentieth century, the role has become either:
The protocol of the use of the title is that it is customary for an Honorary Recorder, when sitting in the Crown Court in the city or town where he holds that office, to be described as such in the published court lists. This should not be done, however, when the judge is sitting in the Crown Court in another city or town, whether or not that city or town has an Honorary Recorder of its own.
The Dress rule is that where those Honorary Recorders who are also Senior Circuit Judges are authorised by the Lord Chief Justice to wear red robes when sitting in court. These robes are based on the design of the robes worn by judges of the County Courts, but in red and black. They were designed for the Recorders of Manchester and Liverpool when Crown Courts were established in those cities in 1956, many years before the establishment of the Crown Court for England and Wales by the Act of 1971. The right to wear them in court was extended in the 1980s to the other Senior Circuit Judges appointed as Honorary Recorders, but has not been extended to those who are not Senior Circuit Judges. Accordingly, when sitting in court. Honorary Recorders who are not Senior Circuit Judges continue to wear the normal robes of a Circuit Judge sitting in the Crown Court.
Boroughs which had a power by Charter to appoint a Recorder before 1971, but which had no Quarter Sessions, have a preserved right to appoint anyone, including non-lawyers, as Honorary Recorder, but an Honorary Recorder who is not a judge cannot sit as a judge in court or exercise any judicial functions.
This variety of Recorder should not be confused with those Recorders who are solicitors and barristers who are appointed as fee-paid part-time judges.
s, traffic violations, and other petty criminal offenses. The Recorder of New York City
was one of the judges of the Court of General Sessions (the local court of general jurisdiction on criminal cases) and presided over most murder trials in New York City
.
or vizier
of the kingdom. He brought all weighty matters under the notice of the king, such as complaints, petition
s, and wishes of subject
s or foreigners. He also drew up papers for the king's guidance, and prepared drafts of the royal will for the scribe
s. All treaties
came under his oversight; and he had the care of the national archives or records, to which, as royal historiographer, he added the current annals
of the kingdom.
The term Recorder refers to the highest legal officer of a particular area. Formerly, a Recorder was a certain magistrate
Magistrate
A magistrate is an officer of the state; in modern usage the term usually refers to a judge or prosecutor. This was not always the case; in ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest government officers and possessed both judicial and executive powers. Today, in common law systems, a...
or judge
Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
having criminal and civil jurisdiction in a city or borough. A recorder was originally an appointed person with legal knowledge by the mayor and aldermen to 'record' the proceedings of their courts and the customs of the city. Such recordings were regarded as the highest evidence of fact.
The Recorder of London, is still appointed by the Court of Aldermen
Court of Aldermen
The Court of Aldermen is an elected body forming part of the City of London Corporation. The Court of Aldermen is made up of the twenty five Aldermen of the City of London, presided over by the Lord Mayor...
and is a member of it. In other areas, the appointment is made by the Crown. The duties of the office are regulated by the Municipal Corporations Act of 5 and 6 William IV and subsequent enactments.
Where the position of borough Recorder is sought to be made by local councils the Lord Chief Justice set out "Guidelines for the Appointment of Honorary Recorders" stating the process of appointment that where it has been the practice of most large City Councils to appoint the Resident Judge to be Honorary Recorder of the city during his tenure of the office.
The appointment of an Honorary Recorder is made by the borough council concerned, and does not require the approval of the Lord Chancellor or the Lord Chief Justice, but the Lord Chief Justice would be pleased if boroughs considering making such an appointment would first consult the Senior Presiding Judge for England and Wales.
Historic office and Honorary Recorders
In England and Wales, the Recorder was the senior judge of some important urban centres, which were given the right to appoint a Recorder by the Crown. Typically, the appointment would be given to a senior and distinguished practitioner at the Bar, and it was, therefore, usually executed part-time only, by a person whose usual practice was as a barrister. It carried a great deal of prestige.The Recorder of London is a senior Circuit Judge sitting at the Central Criminal Court (the Old Bailey
Old Bailey
The Central Criminal Court in England and Wales, commonly known as the Old Bailey from the street in which it stands, is a court building in central London, one of a number of buildings housing the Crown Court...
). The office has an ancient association with the City of London
City of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
.
Since the Courts Act of 1971, the system has been put on a statutory footing and some new positions have been created (for example, Redbridge). They are now usually filled by full-time judges as a recognition of seniority. To distinguish them from the modern system of part-time Recorderships (see below) which was set up in 1971, historic and full-time Recorders are now usually designated "Honorary Recorders" but are usually styled "The Recorder of Anytown" ie the name of the city or borough which has conferred the title. Slightly confusingly, due to the reorganisation of court buildings and the districts and circuits which have been relocated into them, especially where local government reorganisation has occurred at the same time, such titles although bestowed by one Council may be held by the Senior Resident Judge sitting in another borough; a leading example is that The Recorder of Westminster
Westminster
Westminster is an area of central London, within the City of Westminster, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, southwest of the City of London and southwest of Charing Cross...
presides at Southwark
Southwark
Southwark is a district of south London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Southwark. Situated east of Charing Cross, it forms one of the oldest parts of London and fronts the River Thames to the north...
Crown Court
Crown Court
The Crown Court of England and Wales is, together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, one of the constituent parts of the Senior Courts of England and Wales...
.
The senior circuit judge of a metropolitan area, for example Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
, Liverpool
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
or Cardiff
Cardiff
Cardiff is the capital, largest city and most populous county of Wales and the 10th largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for...
, may have the title Honorary Recorder. The practice for appointment of Honorary Recorders is now to be found in the Lord Chief Justice's Guidelines for the Appointment of Honorary Recorders issued in October 2007.
Not all senior circuit judges are Honorary Recorders, but most Honorary Recorders are senior circuit judges.
Honorary Recorders who are also senior circuit judges may wear red robes (which carry more prestige) and are entitled to be addressed in Court as "My Lord/Lady" (like a High Court Judge) instead of "Your Honour" (like other circuit judges, including senior circuit judges who are not Honorary Recorders).
Recorders as part-time appointments
Since 1971, a system of part-time appointments has been in place in England and Wales, designed to give experience of judicial office to those not yet ready to take a full time appointment. It is now the practice to require all full time appointees to have had some part time judicial experience. The part-time appointees were initially designated as "Assistant Recorders", with a view to promotion to full "Recorders". The position of Assistant Recorder no longer exists, and all appointments are made as "Recorders".Appointments are made by the Crown by Royal Warrant, on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor. Since 2006, however, the Lord Chancellor's recommendations are based upon an independent appointments process supervised by the Judicial Appointments Commission.
In the Courts of England and Wales
Courts of England and Wales
Her Majesty's Courts of Justice of England and Wales are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in England and Wales; they apply the law of England and Wales and are established under Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.The United Kingdom does not have...
, a Recorder is a barrister
Barrister
A barrister is a member of one of the two classes of lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions with split legal professions. Barristers specialise in courtroom advocacy, drafting legal pleadings and giving expert legal opinions...
or solicitor
Solicitor
Solicitors are lawyers who traditionally deal with any legal matter including conducting proceedings in courts. In the United Kingdom, a few Australian states and the Republic of Ireland, the legal profession is split between solicitors and barristers , and a lawyer will usually only hold one title...
. Recorders were originally required to be of at least 10 years' standing, though that requirement has been reduced in recent years to 7 years' standing. Recorders are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Lord Chancellor
Lord Chancellor
The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom. He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State, ranking only after the Lord High Steward. The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign...
to hold part-time judicial office. A Recorder acting as such has all the powers of a Circuit judge and may sit in the Crown Court
Crown Court
The Crown Court of England and Wales is, together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, one of the constituent parts of the Senior Courts of England and Wales...
or in the County Court
County Court
A county court is a court based in or with a jurisdiction covering one or more counties, which are administrative divisions within a country, not to be confused with the medieval system of county courts held by the High Sheriff of each county.-England and Wales:County Court matters can be lodged...
. If appointed to do so under section 9(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, a Recorder may sit as a part time High Court Judge
High Court judge
A High Court judge is a judge of the High Court of Justice, and represents the third highest level of judge in the courts of England and Wales. High Court judges are referred to as puisne judges...
.
A Recorder is paid a daily fee and is expected to sit as a judge for between 3 and 6 weeks a year.
There are also recorders in the courts of Hong Kong.
Formal Appointments of Titular and Honorific Recorders
With the major changes in both local government and the courts services through implementation of the Courts Act 1971 and the establishment of the Crown Court for England and Wales, the councils of boroughs have had the power to appoint a Circuit Judge or a Recorder of the Crown Court as Honorary Recorder of the borough concerned. The Crown CourtCrown Court
The Crown Court of England and Wales is, together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, one of the constituent parts of the Senior Courts of England and Wales...
is a single court sitting at numerous locations throughout England & Wales. At each Crown Court centre, a particular judge is appointed "Resident Judge", leads the team of judges who sit there and provides the essential link between the judiciary and the administration
In the late twentieth century, the role has become either:
- titular, automatically the title of the senior Judge of a borough coincident with an ancient Assize. In the larger city court centres, the Resident Judge is usually a Senior Circuit Judge who is recruited and appointed specifically to that post. Those cities continue to elect the Resident Judge as Honorary Recorder. Such a judge holds office as Resident Judge and (if so elected) as Honorary Recorder until his retirement from the post, or
- honorific, granted by a local authority to the senior Resident Judge of its principal Crown Court. In the many smaller towns and cities where the Resident Judge is not a Senior Circuit Judge, the position is different. The Resident Judge is deployed specifically to that post by the Lord Chief Justice (with the concurrence of the Lord Chancellor) from the ranks of the circuit bench, and holds office as Resident Judge for a set period, normally four years (renewable). It is hoped that when such a city or borough council resolves to elect its Resident Judge as Honorary Recorder, it will expressly make that appointment for no longer than the duration of the judge’s tenure of the post of Resident Judge.
The protocol of the use of the title is that it is customary for an Honorary Recorder, when sitting in the Crown Court in the city or town where he holds that office, to be described as such in the published court lists. This should not be done, however, when the judge is sitting in the Crown Court in another city or town, whether or not that city or town has an Honorary Recorder of its own.
The Dress rule is that where those Honorary Recorders who are also Senior Circuit Judges are authorised by the Lord Chief Justice to wear red robes when sitting in court. These robes are based on the design of the robes worn by judges of the County Courts, but in red and black. They were designed for the Recorders of Manchester and Liverpool when Crown Courts were established in those cities in 1956, many years before the establishment of the Crown Court for England and Wales by the Act of 1971. The right to wear them in court was extended in the 1980s to the other Senior Circuit Judges appointed as Honorary Recorders, but has not been extended to those who are not Senior Circuit Judges. Accordingly, when sitting in court. Honorary Recorders who are not Senior Circuit Judges continue to wear the normal robes of a Circuit Judge sitting in the Crown Court.
Boroughs which had a power by Charter to appoint a Recorder before 1971, but which had no Quarter Sessions, have a preserved right to appoint anyone, including non-lawyers, as Honorary Recorder, but an Honorary Recorder who is not a judge cannot sit as a judge in court or exercise any judicial functions.
This variety of Recorder should not be confused with those Recorders who are solicitors and barristers who are appointed as fee-paid part-time judges.
United States
In some U.S. and Canadian jurisdictions, the Recorder's Court is a local court of limited jurisdiction, most often hearing misdemeanorMisdemeanor
A misdemeanor is a "lesser" criminal act in many common law legal systems. Misdemeanors are generally punished much less severely than felonies, but theoretically more so than administrative infractions and regulatory offences...
s, traffic violations, and other petty criminal offenses. The Recorder of New York City
Recorder of New York City
The Recorder of New York City was a municipal officer of New York City from 1683 until the early 20th century. He was at times a judge of the Court of General Sessions, of the Court of Special Sessions, and the New York Court of Common Pleas; Vice-President of the Board of Supervisors of New York...
was one of the judges of the Court of General Sessions (the local court of general jurisdiction on criminal cases) and presided over most murder trials in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
.
Biblical usage
In historic times, the recorder was the chancellorChancellor
Chancellor is the title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the Cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers who sat at the cancelli or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the...
or vizier
Vizier
A vizier or in Arabic script ; ; sometimes spelled vazir, vizir, vasir, wazir, vesir, or vezir) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in a Muslim government....
of the kingdom. He brought all weighty matters under the notice of the king, such as complaints, petition
Petition
A petition is a request to do something, most commonly addressed to a government official or public entity. Petitions to a deity are a form of prayer....
s, and wishes of subject
British subject
In British nationality law, the term British subject has at different times had different meanings. The current definition of the term British subject is contained in the British Nationality Act 1981.- Prior to 1949 :...
s or foreigners. He also drew up papers for the king's guidance, and prepared drafts of the royal will for the scribe
Scribe
A scribe is a person who writes books or documents by hand as a profession and helps the city keep track of its records. The profession, previously found in all literate cultures in some form, lost most of its importance and status with the advent of printing...
s. All treaties
Treaty
A treaty is an express agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an agreement, protocol, covenant, convention or exchange of letters, among other terms...
came under his oversight; and he had the care of the national archives or records, to which, as royal historiographer, he added the current annals
Annals
Annals are a concise form of historical representation which record events chronologically, year by year. The Oxford English Dictionary defines annals as "a narrative of events written year by year"...
of the kingdom.
List of Recorders
This is a list of the current Titular and Honorary Recorders, together with the Crown Court venue at which they sit.Titular Recorders
- Recorder of Liverpool (His Honour Judge Goldstone, QC) (Liverpool)
- Recorder of London (His Honour Judge Beaumont, QC) (Central Criminal CourtCentral Criminal CourtCentral Criminal Court may refer to:*Central Criminal Court, commonly known as the Old Bailey, London, England*Central Criminal Court, name for the High Court when it is hearing a criminal case, in Dublin or elsewhere, Republic of Ireland...
) - Recorder of Manchester (His Honour Judge Gilbart, QC) (Manchester)
Honorary Recorders
- Recorder of Amersham (His Honour Judge The Lord Parmoor) (Aylesbury sitting at Amersham)
- Recorder of Aylesbury (His Honour Judge Sheridan) (Aylesbury)
- Recorder of Birmingham (His Honour Judge William Davis, QC) (Birmingham)
- Recorder of Bolton (His Honour Judge William Morris) (Bolton)
- Recorder of Bradford (His Honour Judge James Stewart, QC) (Bradford)
- Recorder of Brighton and Hove (His Honour Judge Richard Brown, DL) (LewesLewes Crown CourtLewes Crown Court is a Crown Court in Lewes, East Sussex, England. It is housed in the Lewes Combined Court Centre which it shares with Lewes County Court in the Lewes High Street...
) - Recorder of Bristol (His Honour Judge Ford, QC) (BristolBristol Crown CourtThe Crown Court at Bristol is a Crown Court venue in Bristol, England. It is located at the Law Courts in Small Street.The building which was known as the Bristol Guildhall was built in the 1840s by Richard Shackleton Pope. The assize courts were attached to the rear of the Guildhall between...
) - Recorder of Burnley (Her Honour Judge Watson) (Burnley)
- Recorder of Cardiff (His Honour Judge Cooke, QC) (CardiffCardiff Crown CourtCardiff Crown Court is a historic building situated in Cathays Park, Cardiff, Wales. The building is a Grade I listed building. The Crown Court is part of the Wales Circuit of Her Majesty's Courts Service.-External links:*...
) - Recorder of Chester (His Honour Judge Edwards, DL) (Chester)
- Recorder of Coventry (His Honour Judge Griffith-Jones) (Coventry)
- Recorder of Croydon (His Honour Judge McKinnon) (Croydon)
- Recorder of Derby (His Honour Judge Burgess) (Derby)
- Recorder of Durham (His Honour Judge Prince) (Durham)
- Recorder of Exeter (His Honour Judge Cottle) (Exeter)
- Recorder of Guildford (His Honour Judge Critchlow, DL) (Guildford)
- Recorder of Hereford (His Honour Judge Hooper, QC) (Worcester sitting at Hereford)
- Recorder of Hull and the East Riding (His Honour Judge Mettyear) (Kingston upon Hull)
- Recorder of Ipswich (His Honour Judge Devaux) (Ipswich)
- Recorder of Leeds (His Honour Judge Collier, QC) (LeedsLeeds Crown CourtLeeds Crown Court is the highest court in West Yorkshire, England. The buildings are situated in Westgate in Leeds city centre, adjacent to Leeds magistrates courts.-Notable cases:...
) - Recorder of LincolnRecorder of LincolnThe office of the Recorder of Lincoln is currently occupied by His Honour Judge Sean Morris. Judge Morris was installed as honorary recorder on 9 August 2011. He is a circuit judge having been appointed to the Midland Circuit on 24 October 2008....
(His Honour Judge Sean Morris) (Lincoln) - Recorder of Middlesbrough (His Honour Judge Fox, QC) (Teesside)
- Recorder of Newcastle (His Hounour Judge Goss, QC) (NewcastleNewcastleNewcastle commonly refers to:*Newcastle upon Tyne, a city in Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom*Newcastle, New South Wales, a city in AustraliaNewcastle or New Castle may also refer to:-Australia:...
) - Recorder of Norwich (His Honour Judge Jacobs) (Norwich)
- Recorder of NottinghamRecorder of NottinghamThe Recorder of Nottingham is the highest appointed legal officer of the Crown within the Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire County areas.The current appointed Recorder of Nottingham is His Honour Judge Michael Stokes QC...
(His Honour Judge Stokes, QC) (NottinghamNottingham Crown CourtNottingham Crown Court, or more formally the High Court of Justice and Crown Court, Nottingham is a Crown Court and High Court of Justice in Nottingham, England.-Description:...
) - Recorder of Oxford (His Honour Judge Risius, CB) (Oxford)
- Recorder of Portsmouth (His Honour Judge Richard Price) (Portsmouth)
- Recorder of Preston (His Honour Judge Russell, QC) (Preston)
- Recorder of Reading (Her Honour Judge Zoe Smith) (Reading)
- Recorder of Redbridge (His Honour Judge Radford) (Snaresbrook)
- Recorder of Salisbury (His Honour Judge Andrew Barnett) (Salisbury)
- Recorder of Sheffield (His Honour Judge Goldsack, QC) (Sheffield)
- Recorder of Southampton (His Honour Judge Hope) (Southampton)
- Recorder of Stafford (His Honour Judge Tonking) (Stafford)
- Recorder of Stoke on Trent (His Honour Judge Glenn) (Stoke on Trent)
- Recorder of Westminster (His Honour Judge McCreath) (SouthwarkSouthwark Crown CourtSouthwark Crown Court is one of three Crown Court buildings in London SE1, along with Inner London Crown Court and Blackfriars Crown Court.Opened in 1983, the brick building is located close to the River Thames at the south of London Bridge, next to Hay's Galleria...
) - Recorder of Winchester (His Honour Judge Cutler) (WinchesterWinchester Crown CourtWinchester Crown Court is a law court in Winchester, Hampshire, England. It is owned and operated by HMCS. The most high profile case to be heard there was the Rose West murder trial in 1995....
) - Recorder of York (His Honour Judge Ashurst) (York)