Raymon Anning
Encyclopedia
Raymon Harry Anning, CBE
, QPM
(Chinese:
顏理國 Yán Lǐguó) is a former Commissioner of Police of Hong Kong
. In the early 1970s, he was a commander of the Metropolitan Police
in Greater London
. He was later appointed as HM Inspector of Constabulary
for West and South-West
England
, the British Midlands and Wales
. In 1983, he was posted to Hong Kong
as the Deputy Commissioner of Police (Operations) until his promotion to Commissioner in 1985.
, East Sheen
, Greater London
.
Anning joined the Metropolitan Police
in 1952.
He was promoted to Chief Superintendent in 1969 and placed in command of a contingent of London
policemen to restore order to Anguilla
, which declared itself an independent republic. On return from Anguilla he commanded the Metropolitan Police Discipline Office.
In 1973, Commissioner
of the Metropolitan Police
Sir Robert Mark
encountered an increasing concern about police corruption
and behaviour. Detectives had been offered money
to ignore crimes. Anning, then promoted to Commander, was placed in charge of a complaints department in New Scotland Yard, with a codename A10, to investigate all complaints against the members of the force. Under Anning's command were 60 men (40 CID
men and 20 uniformed officers) which later increased to 84. In its first sixth month, the new department investigated 451 complaints. At last, 90 officers were forced out. Fresh from his experience in New Scotland Yard, Anning was seconded to Hong Kong to advise the Government on the founding of the Independent Commission Against Corruption
.
On his return from Hong Kong in 1975, Anning was promoted to Deputy Assistant Commissioner, second-in-command of the Criminal Investigation Department
, Metropolitan Police.
In 1979, Anning undertook a course at the National Executive Institute of the FBI Academy
and was appointed one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Constabulary for England and Wales.
On July 17, 1983, Anning replaced Peter Moor and took up his appointment as Deputy Commissioner of Police (Operations) of the Royal Hong Kong Police.
Anning became Commissioner on April 15, 1985. Prior to the end of his office, Anning faced the instability created by the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests
. On the morning of June 7, following a slow demonstration march of trucks and lorries, rioters gathered at Mong Kok
and Yaumatei and destroyed nearby vehicles and building gates. Riot Police
was called to action to control the situation. Police fired about 40 shots of tear gas
and arrested about 10 rioters. Anning later declared that the rioters were criminals whose actual motive was not to support the protests at Tiananmen Square
.
under instructions from Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Douglas Hurd
and approval of Governor
Wilson
in 1989. He was the last British Commissioner of the Hong Kong Police.
Order of the British Empire
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, QPM
Queen's Police Medal
The Queen's Police Medal is awarded to police officers in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth for gallantry or distinguished service. Recipients may use the post-nominal letters "QPM", although the right to use these was only granted officially on 20 July 1969...
(Chinese:
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
顏理國 Yán Lǐguó) is a former Commissioner of Police of Hong Kong
Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)
The commissioner of police heads the Hong Kong Police Force and reports to the secretary for security.-Chiefs of the police force:The commissioner is the current head of the Hong Kong Police.*Chief magistrates**1841 – Captain William Caine...
. In the early 1970s, he was a commander of the Metropolitan Police
Metropolitan police
Metropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area, and it may be part of the official title of the force...
in Greater London
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...
. He was later appointed as HM Inspector of Constabulary
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland in the United Kingdom have statutory responsibility for the inspection of police forces.-England and Wales:...
for West and South-West
South West England
South West England is one of the regions of England defined by the Government of the United Kingdom for statistical and other purposes. It is the largest such region in area, covering and comprising Bristol, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Devon, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. ...
England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, the British Midlands and Wales
Wales
Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
. In 1983, he was posted to Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
as the Deputy Commissioner of Police (Operations) until his promotion to Commissioner in 1985.
Early life
As a teenager, Anning was educated in Richmond and East Sheen County Grammar School for BoysShene School
Richmond Park Academy is an academy status secondary school in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.-Richmond Park Academy:Richmond Park Academy was formed in 2010 when academy status was granted to the predecessor Shene School...
, East Sheen
East Sheen
East Sheen, also known as 'Sheen', is an affluent suburb of London, England in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It forms part of the London post town in the SW postcode area....
, Greater London
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...
.
Police career
|
Anning joined the Metropolitan Police
Metropolitan police
Metropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area, and it may be part of the official title of the force...
in 1952.
He was promoted to Chief Superintendent in 1969 and placed in command of a contingent of London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
policemen to restore order to Anguilla
Anguilla
Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin...
, which declared itself an independent republic. On return from Anguilla he commanded the Metropolitan Police Discipline Office.
In 1973, Commissioner
Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis is the head of London's Metropolitan Police Service, classing the holder as a chief police officer...
of the Metropolitan Police
Metropolitan police
Metropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area, and it may be part of the official title of the force...
Sir Robert Mark
Robert Mark
Sir Robert Mark, GBE, QPM was an English police officer who served as Chief Constable of Leicester City Police, and later as Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1972 to 1977....
encountered an increasing concern about police corruption
Bribery
Bribery, a form of corruption, is an act implying money or gift giving that alters the behavior of the recipient. Bribery constitutes a crime and is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or...
and behaviour. Detectives had been offered money
Money
Money is any object or record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a given country or socio-economic context. The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; a store of value; and, occasionally in the past,...
to ignore crimes. Anning, then promoted to Commander, was placed in charge of a complaints department in New Scotland Yard, with a codename A10, to investigate all complaints against the members of the force. Under Anning's command were 60 men (40 CID
Criminal Investigation Department
The Crime Investigation Department is the branch of all Territorial police forces within the British Police and many other Commonwealth police forces, to which plain clothes detectives belong. It is thus distinct from the Uniformed Branch and the Special Branch.The Metropolitan Police Service CID,...
men and 20 uniformed officers) which later increased to 84. In its first sixth month, the new department investigated 451 complaints. At last, 90 officers were forced out. Fresh from his experience in New Scotland Yard, Anning was seconded to Hong Kong to advise the Government on the founding of the Independent Commission Against Corruption
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
The Independent Commission Against Corruption of Hong Kong was established by Governor Murray MacLehose on 15 February 1974, when Hong Kong was under British rule. Its main aim was to clean up endemic corruption in the many departments of the Hong Kong Government through law enforcement,...
.
On his return from Hong Kong in 1975, Anning was promoted to Deputy Assistant Commissioner, second-in-command of the Criminal Investigation Department
Criminal Investigation Department
The Crime Investigation Department is the branch of all Territorial police forces within the British Police and many other Commonwealth police forces, to which plain clothes detectives belong. It is thus distinct from the Uniformed Branch and the Special Branch.The Metropolitan Police Service CID,...
, Metropolitan Police.
In 1979, Anning undertook a course at the National Executive Institute of the FBI Academy
FBI Academy
The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is the training site for new Special Agents of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation. It was first opened for use in 1972 on 385 acres of woodland. It is a relatively small government academy, housing three dormitory buildings and...
and was appointed one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Constabulary for England and Wales.
On July 17, 1983, Anning replaced Peter Moor and took up his appointment as Deputy Commissioner of Police (Operations) of the Royal Hong Kong Police.
Anning became Commissioner on April 15, 1985. Prior to the end of his office, Anning faced the instability created by the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, also known as the June Fourth Incident in Chinese , were a series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the People's Republic of China beginning on 15 April 1989...
. On the morning of June 7, following a slow demonstration march of trucks and lorries, rioters gathered at Mong Kok
Mong Kok
Mong Kok , less often known as Argyle , is an area in the Yau Tsim Mong District on Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong...
and Yaumatei and destroyed nearby vehicles and building gates. Riot Police
Riot control
Riot control refers to the measures used by police, military, or other security forces to control, disperse, and arrest civilians who are involved in a riot, demonstration, or protest. Law enforcement officers or soldiers have long used non-lethal weapons such as batons and whips to disperse crowds...
was called to action to control the situation. Police fired about 40 shots of tear gas
Lachrymatory agent
Tear gas, formally known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator , is a non-lethal chemical weapon that stimulates the corneal nerves in the eyes to cause tears, pain, and even blindness...
and arrested about 10 rioters. Anning later declared that the rioters were criminals whose actual motive was not to support the protests at Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen Gate located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the third largest city square in the world...
.
Retirement
Anning was succeeded by Li Kwan HaLi Kwan Ha
Li Kwan Ha CBE, QPM, CPM was the first Chinese to serve as the Commissioner of the Royal Hong Kong Police from 1989 to 1994.Li attended Queen Elizabeth School, Hong Kong and joined the HKP in 1957...
under instructions from Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a senior member of Her Majesty's Government heading the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and regarded as one of the Great Offices of State...
Douglas Hurd
Douglas Hurd
Douglas Richard Hurd, Baron Hurd of Westwell, CH, CBE, PC , is a British Conservative politician and novelist, who served in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major between 1979 and his retirement in 1995....
and approval of Governor
Governor of Hong Kong
The Governor of Hong Kong was the head of the government of Hong Kong during British rule from 1843 to 1997. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions...
Wilson
David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn
David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, is a retired British administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. Lord Wilson of Tillyorn was the penultimate Commander-in-Chief and 27th Governor of Hong Kong...
in 1989. He was the last British Commissioner of the Hong Kong Police.
Awards and honours
- 1975 - Queen's Police Medal for Distinguished ServiceQueen's Police MedalThe Queen's Police Medal is awarded to police officers in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth for gallantry or distinguished service. Recipients may use the post-nominal letters "QPM", although the right to use these was only granted officially on 20 July 1969...
- 1982 - Commander of the Order of British Empire
- 1982 - Companion, British Institute of ManagementChartered Management InstituteThe Chartered Management Institute is a professional institution for managers, based in the United Kingdom.In addition to supporting its members, the organisation encourages management development, carries out research, produces a wide variety of publications on management interests, and publishes...
See also
- Her Majesty's Inspectorate of ConstabularyHer Majesty's Inspectorate of ConstabularyHer Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland in the United Kingdom have statutory responsibility for the inspection of police forces.-England and Wales:...
- History of AnguillaHistory of AnguillaAnguilla was first settled in pre-history by Amerindian tribes who migrated from South America. The date of European discovery is uncertain: some sources claim that Columbus sighted the island in 1493, while others state that the island was first discovered by the French in 1564 or 1565...
- Hong Kong Police ForceHong Kong Police ForceThe Hong Kong Police Force is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844, with a strength of 32 officers...
- Metropolitan Police ServiceMetropolitan Police ServiceThe Metropolitan Police Service is the territorial police force responsible for Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London which is the responsibility of the City of London Police...
- Robert MarkRobert MarkSir Robert Mark, GBE, QPM was an English police officer who served as Chief Constable of Leicester City Police, and later as Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1972 to 1977....
- Tiananmen Square protests of 1989Tiananmen Square protests of 1989The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, also known as the June Fourth Incident in Chinese , were a series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the People's Republic of China beginning on 15 April 1989...