Rawadid
Encyclopedia
Rawadid (955-1071), was a Kurdish
principality ruling Azerbaijan
from the 10th to the early 11th centuries, centered around Tabriz
and Maragheh
. The Rawadid tribe was one of the Arab tribes who became Kurdish by culture through assimilation
. The Rawadid tribe moved into Kurdistan in the mid eighth century, and it was known as a Kurdish tribe by the tenth century.
The Rawadid chief named Muhammad ibn Husain created the regime in the mid tenth century.. The Rawadids were originally from Arab ancestry (Azd tribe), and arrived in the region in 758 CE, but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish
forms like Mamlan for Muhammad and Ahmadil for Ahmad as their names. According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler Ibrahim bin Marzuban, in Azarbaijan in 979
. Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir
. The regions of Tabriz
, Maragheh
and the strongholds of Sahand
mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the Hadhbani Kurds of Maragheh
to defeat the invading Oghuz tribes http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html.
According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler Ibrahim bin Marzuban, in Azarbaijan in 979
.
Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir
. The regions of Tabriz
, Maragheh
and the strongholds of Sahand
mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the Hadhbani Kurds of Maragheh
to defeat the invading Oghuz Turkish
tribes.
Wahsudan also sent an expedition to Ardebil under the command of his son Mamlan II. The ruler (sipahbod) of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamaln also built a fortress in Ardebil.
Toghrul conquered the principality in 1054 CE, and he defeated the Kurdish
prince of Tabriz Wahsudan ibn Mamlan. In 1071, when Alp Arslan
returned from his campaign against the Byzantine Empire
, he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, Ahmad bin Wahsudan, lord of Maragheh
, took part in the Muhammad Malik Shah
's campaign against Syria
in 1110 CE. His full title was Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi. Ahmadil took part in the crusades
on behalf of Muslims. Joscelin
made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east of Gaziantep
). He was stabbed to death by the Ismailis in 1117 in Baghdad
. His descendants continued to rule Maragheh
and Tabriz
as Atabakane Maragha until the Mongol invasion in 1227.
Kurdish people
The Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...
principality ruling Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (Iran)
Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan , also Iranian Azerbaijan, Persian Azarbaijan is a region in northwestern Iran. It is also historically known as Atropatene and Aturpatakan....
from the 10th to the early 11th centuries, centered around Tabriz
Tabriz
Tabriz is the fourth largest city and one of the historical capitals of Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quri River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former...
and Maragheh
Maragheh
Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....
. The Rawadid tribe was one of the Arab tribes who became Kurdish by culture through assimilation
Assimilation
Assimilation may refer to:*Assimilation , a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound...
. The Rawadid tribe moved into Kurdistan in the mid eighth century, and it was known as a Kurdish tribe by the tenth century.
The Rawadid chief named Muhammad ibn Husain created the regime in the mid tenth century.. The Rawadids were originally from Arab ancestry (Azd tribe), and arrived in the region in 758 CE, but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish
Kurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
forms like Mamlan for Muhammad and Ahmadil for Ahmad as their names. According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler Ibrahim bin Marzuban, in Azarbaijan in 979
979
Year 979 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The Tynwald of the Isle of Man is founded....
. Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir
Ibn Athir
Ibn Athīr is the family name of three brothers, all famous in Arabian literature, born at Jazīrat ibn Umar in Cizre nowadays in south-eastern Turkey.-Majd ad-Dīn:...
. The regions of Tabriz
Tabriz
Tabriz is the fourth largest city and one of the historical capitals of Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quri River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former...
, Maragheh
Maragheh
Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....
and the strongholds of Sahand
Sahand
Sahand is a massive, heavily eroded stratovolcano in northwestern Iran. At , it is the highest mountain in the Iranian province of East Azarbaijan....
mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the Hadhbani Kurds of Maragheh
Maragheh
Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....
to defeat the invading Oghuz tribes http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html.
According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler Ibrahim bin Marzuban, in Azarbaijan in 979
979
Year 979 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The Tynwald of the Isle of Man is founded....
.
Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir
Ibn Athir
Ibn Athīr is the family name of three brothers, all famous in Arabian literature, born at Jazīrat ibn Umar in Cizre nowadays in south-eastern Turkey.-Majd ad-Dīn:...
. The regions of Tabriz
Tabriz
Tabriz is the fourth largest city and one of the historical capitals of Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quri River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former...
, Maragheh
Maragheh
Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....
and the strongholds of Sahand
Sahand
Sahand is a massive, heavily eroded stratovolcano in northwestern Iran. At , it is the highest mountain in the Iranian province of East Azarbaijan....
mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the Hadhbani Kurds of Maragheh
Maragheh
Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....
to defeat the invading Oghuz Turkish
Oghuz Turks
The Turkomen also known as Oghuz Turks were a historical Turkic tribal confederation in Central Asia during the early medieval Turkic expansion....
tribes.
Wahsudan also sent an expedition to Ardebil under the command of his son Mamlan II. The ruler (sipahbod) of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamaln also built a fortress in Ardebil.
Toghrul conquered the principality in 1054 CE, and he defeated the Kurdish
Kurdish people
The Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...
prince of Tabriz Wahsudan ibn Mamlan. In 1071, when Alp Arslan
Alp Arslan
Alp Arslan was the third sultan of the Seljuq dynasty and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty...
returned from his campaign against the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
, he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, Ahmad bin Wahsudan, lord of Maragheh
Maragheh
Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....
, took part in the Muhammad Malik Shah
Malik Shah
Malik-Shah , also transliterated as Malek-Shah, Malikshah or Melikshah, may refer to:* Malik-Shah I , sultan of Great Seljuq* Malik-Shah II, grandson of Malik Shah I, sultan of Great Seljuq...
's campaign against Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
in 1110 CE. His full title was Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi. Ahmadil took part in the crusades
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
on behalf of Muslims. Joscelin
Joscelin I, Count of Edessa
Joscelin of Courtenay , Prince of Galilee and Lord of Turbessel and Count of Edessa , ruled over the County of Edessa during its zenith, from 1118 to 1131...
made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east of Gaziantep
Gaziantep
Gaziantep , Ottoman Turkish: Ayintab) previously and still informally called Antep; ʻayn tāb is a city in southeast Turkey and amongst the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. The city is located 185 kilometres northeast of Adana and 127 kilometres by road north of Aleppo, Syria...
). He was stabbed to death by the Ismailis in 1117 in Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
. His descendants continued to rule Maragheh
Maragheh
Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....
and Tabriz
Tabriz
Tabriz is the fourth largest city and one of the historical capitals of Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quri River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former...
as Atabakane Maragha until the Mongol invasion in 1227.
Rawadid Rulers
- Muhammad Ibn Husain (? -c. 951 ?)
- Husain I (955-988)
- Mamlan I (988 -1000)
- Husain II (1000–1019)
- Vahsudan (Wahsudan) (1019–1054)
- Mamlan II (1054–1071)
External links
- Minorsky, La Domination des Dailamites, presented in a Conference of the Societé des Etudes Iraniennes, Paris, 28 May 1931. Also see Minorsky, Daylam in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1962, pp. 189–94 http://members.tripod.com/zaza_kirmanc/research/dailamites.htm.
- Rawwadids, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
- Maragha, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
- A Chronology of World Political History(801 - 1000 C.E.)(see Rawwadid)
- List of Rawadid Rulers