Qianjiang District
Encyclopedia
Qianjiang District is a district
in the southeastern part of Chongqing
Municipality of the People's Republic of China
. The Miao
and Tujia constitute 50.03% of the Qianjiang population, the other half being mostly Han
(49.94%). Qianjiang is nicknamed "The Throat of Sichuan and Hubei" (川鄂咽喉) because it sits on the intersection of Sichuan
-Hubei
and Sichuan-Hunan
Roads (川鄂、川湘公路).
There used to be a large region called Qianjiang Prefecture containing this smaller Qianjiang as well (see #History below).
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty
, Qianjiang was administratively part of the Fuling District. In 585 (during the Sui Dynasty
), Shicheng District (石城县) was established as part of Yong Prefecture (庸州), with the district seat at today's Ba Village of Baxiang County (坝乡县坝村). In 607, Yong Prefecture was replaced by Badong Commandery (巴东郡). In 618 (the Tang Dynasty
), Shicheng became part of Qina Prefecture (黔州), with district seat at Wuci Town (无慈城) and, in 630, Lienche Town.
In 742, Shicheng was renamed Qianjiang and was part of An Commandry (安郡). From 960 to 1368 (Song
and Yuan
), Qianjiang at this time was "half-barbarian" (半没于夷) and dominated by the local rich bourgeois of the Gongs, Hus, Qins, and Xiangs (龚、胡、秦、向) according Qianjiang County Records (黔江县志) of the Qing Dynasty
.
In 1285 (late Yuan), Qianjiang was part of Ming Yuzhen
's Daxia Empire. In 1372, it was part of Pengshui
District. In 1378, 1216 soldiers were dispatched here to guard the place.
In early Qing
, Qianjiang District was under Chongqing Subprefecture
.
In 1912, Qianjiang County was under Liuxiang Fangqu (刘湘防区). In 1935, it was under of the Eighth Administrative Region (第八行政督察区) of Sichuan Province, also known as Youyang Special District (酉阳专区). The county seat
was at Sanduo Town (三多镇).
On November 12, 1949, Qianjiang came under CPC control, and the People's Government was established on November 25, as part of Chuandong Administrative Special District (川东行政专区). The county seat changed to Lianhe Town (联/聯合). On January 23, 1950, it was under Youyang Special District, which also administered Youyang and Xiushan
Counties. In September 1952, Youyang was merged into Fuling Special District.
On November 14, 1983, the State Council
approved to changed the county status to a Tujia and Miao
autonomous county: Qianjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (黔江土家苗族自治县). The assembly was established November 13 of the following year.
On May 18, 1988, the State Council halved Fuling, making Qianjiang County, as well as four other counties (5 autonomous counties of Fuling's 10 counties), into a new prefecture: Qianjiang Prefecture. The other four counties were:
The prefecture officially began in November. At this time the area was 16,900 km² with a population of 2,700,000.
Qianjiang County, along with Qianjiang District, was incorporated into Chongqing Municipality in 1997. On March 17, 1997 (implemented on December 20), the prefecture status was changed to a development area (开发区), which governs Shizhu, Xiushan, Qianjiang County, Pengshui and Youyang on behalf of Chongqing. On May 22, 1998 (implemented June 2000), Qianjiang Development Area and Qianjiang Autonomous County were abolished. Qianjiang Autonomous County became Qianjing District (the subject of this article), directly administered by Chongqing. Shizhu, Xiushan, Pengshui and Youyang remain autonomous counties, and are governed by Chonqging directly as well.
When still a county (pre-2000), Qianjiang had 5 towns, 45 townships, 8 neighborhood committees, and 517 village committees. Many townships were abolished, the only abolished town was Lianhe (联合), the old county seat now separated into sub-districts.
District (PRC)
The term district, in the context of the People's Republic of China refers to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China....
in the southeastern part of Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
Municipality of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. The Miao
Hmong people
The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...
and Tujia constitute 50.03% of the Qianjiang population, the other half being mostly Han
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
(49.94%). Qianjiang is nicknamed "The Throat of Sichuan and Hubei" (川鄂咽喉) because it sits on the intersection of Sichuan
Sichuan
' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
-Hubei
Hubei
' Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting...
and Sichuan-Hunan
Hunan
' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting...
Roads (川鄂、川湘公路).
- AreaAreaArea is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 2397 km² - PopulationPopulationA population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 490,000 (2003) - District seat: Chengxi Sub-district
- Secretary of District Committee of CPCCommunist Party of ChinaThe Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
: Hong Tianyun (洪天云) - District chief: Yang Hongwei(杨宏伟)
- Geographic coordinates: 108°28′-108°46′ East, 29°04′－29°42′ North
There used to be a large region called Qianjiang Prefecture containing this smaller Qianjiang as well (see #History below).
History
Qianjiang District used to be a county under a now-abolished prefecture (later development area) by the same name.At the beginning of the Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
, Qianjiang was administratively part of the Fuling District. In 585 (during the Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty....
), Shicheng District (石城县) was established as part of Yong Prefecture (庸州), with the district seat at today's Ba Village of Baxiang County (坝乡县坝村). In 607, Yong Prefecture was replaced by Badong Commandery (巴东郡). In 618 (the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
), Shicheng became part of Qina Prefecture (黔州), with district seat at Wuci Town (无慈城) and, in 630, Lienche Town.
In 742, Shicheng was renamed Qianjiang and was part of An Commandry (安郡). From 960 to 1368 (Song
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
and Yuan
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
), Qianjiang at this time was "half-barbarian" (半没于夷) and dominated by the local rich bourgeois of the Gongs, Hus, Qins, and Xiangs (龚、胡、秦、向) according Qianjiang County Records (黔江县志) of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
.
In 1285 (late Yuan), Qianjiang was part of Ming Yuzhen
Ming Yuzhen
Ming Yuzhen was a peasant who established the rebel Empire of Daxia during the late Yuan Dynasty in China. He changed his surname in adulthood to mean "Brilliancy"....
's Daxia Empire. In 1372, it was part of Pengshui
Pengshui
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County is located in southeastern Chongqing, China. It is 270 kilometres away from Downtown Chongqing.* Area: 3903 km²* Population: 622,200 * County seat: Hanjia Zhen...
District. In 1378, 1216 soldiers were dispatched here to guard the place.
In early Qing
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, Qianjiang District was under Chongqing Subprefecture
Subprefecture
Subprefecture is an administrative division of a country that is below prefecture or province.-Albania:There are twelve Albanian counties or prefectures, each of which is subdivided into several districts, sometimes translated as subprefectures.-Brazil:...
.
In 1912, Qianjiang County was under Liuxiang Fangqu (刘湘防区). In 1935, it was under of the Eighth Administrative Region (第八行政督察区) of Sichuan Province, also known as Youyang Special District (酉阳专区). The county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....
was at Sanduo Town (三多镇).
On November 12, 1949, Qianjiang came under CPC control, and the People's Government was established on November 25, as part of Chuandong Administrative Special District (川东行政专区). The county seat changed to Lianhe Town (联/聯合). On January 23, 1950, it was under Youyang Special District, which also administered Youyang and Xiushan
Xiushan
Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, or Xiushan County for short is located in southeastern Chongqing Municipality, China.* Area: 2,450 km²* Population: 620,000 - External links :*...
Counties. In September 1952, Youyang was merged into Fuling Special District.
On November 14, 1983, the State Council
State Council of the People's Republic of China
The State Council of the People's Republic of China , which is largely synonymous with the Central People's Government after 1954, is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the Premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency...
approved to changed the county status to a Tujia and Miao
Hmong people
The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...
autonomous county: Qianjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (黔江土家苗族自治县). The assembly was established November 13 of the following year.
On May 18, 1988, the State Council halved Fuling, making Qianjiang County, as well as four other counties (5 autonomous counties of Fuling's 10 counties), into a new prefecture: Qianjiang Prefecture. The other four counties were:
- Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County (石柱土家族自治县)
- PengshuiPengshuiPengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County is located in southeastern Chongqing, China. It is 270 kilometres away from Downtown Chongqing.* Area: 3903 km²* Population: 622,200 * County seat: Hanjia Zhen...
Miao and Tujia Autonomous County (彭水苗族土家族自治县) - Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (酉阳土家苗族自治县)
- XiushanXiushanXiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, or Xiushan County for short is located in southeastern Chongqing Municipality, China.* Area: 2,450 km²* Population: 620,000 - External links :*...
Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (秀山土家苗族自治县)
The prefecture officially began in November. At this time the area was 16,900 km² with a population of 2,700,000.
Qianjiang County, along with Qianjiang District, was incorporated into Chongqing Municipality in 1997. On March 17, 1997 (implemented on December 20), the prefecture status was changed to a development area (开发区), which governs Shizhu, Xiushan, Qianjiang County, Pengshui and Youyang on behalf of Chongqing. On May 22, 1998 (implemented June 2000), Qianjiang Development Area and Qianjiang Autonomous County were abolished. Qianjiang Autonomous County became Qianjing District (the subject of this article), directly administered by Chongqing. Shizhu, Xiushan, Pengshui and Youyang remain autonomous counties, and are governed by Chonqging directly as well.
Subdivisions
As of 2001, the district contains 3 sub-districts, 12 townships, 15 towns, and 489 village committees. (See Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Levels)Sub-districts:
Townships:
|
Towns:
|
When still a county (pre-2000), Qianjiang had 5 towns, 45 townships, 8 neighborhood committees, and 517 village committees. Many townships were abolished, the only abolished town was Lianhe (联合), the old county seat now separated into sub-districts.
External links
- Official site (in Simplified Chinese)
- Photos
- General intro I (in Simplified Chinese)
- General intro II (in Simplified Chinese): focuses on the ethnic groups
- public site