Przemysław of Toszek
Encyclopedia
Przemysław of Toszek (1425 – December 1484) was a Duke of Oświęcim
Oswiecim
Oświęcim is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland, situated west of Kraków, near the confluence of the rivers Vistula and Soła.- History :...

 during 1434–1445 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and Duke of Toszek
Toszek
Toszek is a town in Poland, in Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, with 4,000 inhabitants.- History :The beginning of the settlement and fortified keep is dated in the 9th and 10th centuries when the area was ruled by the Piasts, Mieszko I of Poland and later Bolesław I the Brave.The fortified...

 since 1445 until his death.

He was the second son of Duke Casimir I of Oświęcim
Casimir I of Oświęcim
Casimir I of Oświęcim was a Duke of Oświęcim since 1406 , ruler over Toszek and Strzelin .He was the only child of Duke Przemysław of Oświęcim by his unknown wife.-Life:...

 by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke Henry VIII of Żagań
Henry VIII the Sparrow
Henry VIII the Sparrow was a Duke of Żagań–Głogów during 1368–1378 , from 1378 ruler over Zielona Góra, Szprotawa, Kożuchów, Przemków and Sulechów, and since 1395 ruler over half of Głogów, Ścinawa and Bytom Odrzański.He was the second son of Henry V of Iron, Duke of Żagań–Głogów, by...

.

Life

After the death of his father in 1434, Przemysław found himself under the care of his older brother Wenceslaus I
Wenceslaus I of Zator
Wenceslaus I of Zator , was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434-1445 and Duke of Zator from 1445 until his death.He was the eldest son of Duke Casimir I of Oświęcim by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke Henry VIII of Żagań....

. In 1441 Wenceslaus I succumbing to the pressures of the Polish King and undertook to convince his younger brothers, Przemysław and Jan IV to paid homage to the Polish Kingdom, once they reached adulthood.

The formal division of the Duchy was made on 19 January 1445. Przemysław received the least significant part of the Duchy, the town of Toszek
Toszek
Toszek is a town in Poland, in Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, with 4,000 inhabitants.- History :The beginning of the settlement and fortified keep is dated in the 9th and 10th centuries when the area was ruled by the Piasts, Mieszko I of Poland and later Bolesław I the Brave.The fortified...

. His first decision as an independent ruler was caught up in conflict with the Bishop of Kraków, Zbigniew Oleśnicki
Zbigniew Olesnicki
Zbigniew Oleśnicki may refer to:* Zbigniew Oleśnicki * Zbigniew Oleśnicki , nephew of cardinal...

, who purchased Siewierz
Siewierz
Siewierz is a town in the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland.-History:In history, Sewerien was first mentioned in 1125, which was administered by the Castellan of Bytom. In 1177, Casimir II granted Sewerien to Mieszko IV Tanglefoot duke of Silesia and Racibórz, together with the duchy of Bytom. The...

 from the Dukes of Cieszyn. The agreement signed between both parties on 18 February 1447 in Kraków, was short-lived: on 6 October 1450 Przemysław attack with his troops the Bishop's castle in Siewierz.

In 1452 Przemysław supported his younger brother Jan IV in his fight against the Polish King Casimir IV. Soon the brothers's troops were defeated and they were prompted to issue a document (7 March 1453), in which Przemysław took all the responsibility for the war, declared the freedom for all the prisoners, and paid 2,000 fines as a compensation. However, despite the truce concluded, however, Przemysław continue his attacks and forbidden the Polish merchants to enter in his domains. The definitive settlement between the Dukes and Poland took place in Gliwice
Gliwice
Gliwice is a city in Upper Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Gliwice is the west district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union – a metropolis with a population of 2 million...

 soon after; under the terms of this treaty, Przemysław consent the sale of the Duchy of Oświęcim to Poland.

The now relative approximation of Przemysław with the Polish Kingdom resulted in his service in the war against the Teutonic Order, from where he returned in 1456. Despite the cooperation with the Poland, Przemysław stood at the side of his brother Jan IV in his border war against King Casimir IV. After some diplomatic negotiations, on 25 January 1458 at Bytom
Bytom
Bytom is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bytomka river .The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship since...

 was made a new agreement between the brothers and Poland.

In 1471 Przemysław supported the candidacy of Władysław Jagiellon as King of Bohemia, and with this gained the hate of the other candidate for the throne, the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus. It wasn't until 25 July 1479 when the Duke of Toszek received a guarantee of his government, but in exchange he was compelled to paid homage to Bohemia. The ceremony took place on 12 August of that year in Olomouc
Olomouc
Olomouc is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic. The city is located on the Morava river and is the ecclesiastical metropolis and historical capital city of Moravia. Nowadays, it is an administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and sixth largest city in the Czech Republic...

.

Przemysław died in December 1484 at his newly reconstructed castle in Toszek. He was buried in the local church of St. Peter.

Marriage and issue

By 23 February 1463 Przemysław married with Margareta [also named Machna] (b. by 1450 - d. by 26 April 1472), daughter of Duke Nicholas I of Opole
Nicholas I of Opole
Nicholas I of Opole was a Duke of Opole since 1437 , Duke of Brzeg from 1450, ruler over Kluczbork since 1451 and Duke of Strzelce, Niemodlin and Olesno from 1460....

. They had one daughter:
  1. Margareta
    Margareta of Toszek
    Margareta of Toszek , was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast in the Oświęcim branch.He was the only child of Duke Przemysław of Toszek by his wife Margareta, daughter of Duke Nicholas I of Opole.-Life:...

     (b. 1467/68 - d. 8 November 1531), Abbess of St. Klara, Wrocław.


After his death without male issue, the Duchy of Toszek was inherited by his brother Jan IV, but almost immediately the land was confiscated by King Matthias, who claimed more dubious rights to them.
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