Casimir I of Oświęcim
Encyclopedia
Casimir I of Oświęcim (1396 – 7 April 1434) was a Duke of Oświęcim
since 1406 (under regency until 1414), ruler over Toszek
(from 1414) and Strzelin
(during 1416–1427).
He was the only child of Duke Przemysław of Oświęcim
by his unknown wife.
, and, after his death in 1410, his guardianship was taken by his uncle Bolesław I.
On 19 December 1414 Casimir I took formal possession of his Duchy of Oświęcim
, alongside with the towns of Toszek
and Gliwice
. However, the ambitions of the young Duke erupted then and claimed more lands from his uncle. The conflict ended only two years later, on 11 November 1416 when (following the mediation of Duke Henry IX of Lubin
), the Duke of Cieszyn give the town of Strzelin
and 300 fines as payment to Casimir I. Bolesław I retained the rest of his lands.
In 1424 Casimir I took part in the coronation of Sophia of Halshany
as Queen of Poland. However, this doesn't mean that the Duke of Oświęcim maintain a pro-Polish politics; in fact, he began at the same time his contacts to with the Bohemian King Sigismund of Luxembourg, and even spend some time in his court (there are information that Casimir I, for unknown reasons, received from the King a pension for 3,000 pieces of gold, perhaps as a payment for his mediation with the Teutonic Order, which, had good relations with the Duke of Oświęcim).
In 1428 Casimir I land's were plundered by the Hussites. During their incursions over Silesia
, were burned the towns of Kęty
, Toszek
and Pyskowice
. Another of town who belonged to the Duke of Oświęcim, Gliwice
, become in a major Hussite base on Upper Silesia
. The struggles with the hussites in the region lasted until 1433, when Casimir I was able to recover Gliwice (who was replaced as a Hussite base by the nearby Bytom
) thanks to the unexpected help of Duke Nicholas V of Karniów
(son of Jan II of Iron, who years before ordened the assassination of Casimir I's father).
Casimir I died in 1434 and was buried in the Dominican
church in Oświęcim
.
. They had three sons:
By 1433, Casimir I married secondly with Margareta (1410 - 5 July 1459), daughter of Jan II of Iron, Duke of Racibórz
. They had no children.
Oswiecim
Oświęcim is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland, situated west of Kraków, near the confluence of the rivers Vistula and Soła.- History :...
since 1406 (under regency until 1414), ruler over Toszek
Toszek
Toszek is a town in Poland, in Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, with 4,000 inhabitants.- History :The beginning of the settlement and fortified keep is dated in the 9th and 10th centuries when the area was ruled by the Piasts, Mieszko I of Poland and later Bolesław I the Brave.The fortified...
(from 1414) and Strzelin
Strzelin
Strzelin is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is located on the Oława river, a tributary of the Oder, about south of the region's capital Wrocław. The town is the seat of Strzelin County and also of the smaller municipality of Strzelin...
(during 1416–1427).
He was the only child of Duke Przemysław of Oświęcim
Przemysław of Oświęcim
Przemysław of Oświęcim was a Duke of half of both Głogów and Ścinawa since 1404 and Duke of Oświęcim from 1405 until his death....
by his unknown wife.
Life
After his father's death on 1 January 1406, Casimir I was placed under the care of his paternal grandfather, Duke Przemysław I Noszak of CieszynCieszyn
Cieszyn is a border-town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants . Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Český Těšín....
, and, after his death in 1410, his guardianship was taken by his uncle Bolesław I.
On 19 December 1414 Casimir I took formal possession of his Duchy of Oświęcim
Oswiecim
Oświęcim is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland, situated west of Kraków, near the confluence of the rivers Vistula and Soła.- History :...
, alongside with the towns of Toszek
Toszek
Toszek is a town in Poland, in Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, with 4,000 inhabitants.- History :The beginning of the settlement and fortified keep is dated in the 9th and 10th centuries when the area was ruled by the Piasts, Mieszko I of Poland and later Bolesław I the Brave.The fortified...
and Gliwice
Gliwice
Gliwice is a city in Upper Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Gliwice is the west district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union – a metropolis with a population of 2 million...
. However, the ambitions of the young Duke erupted then and claimed more lands from his uncle. The conflict ended only two years later, on 11 November 1416 when (following the mediation of Duke Henry IX of Lubin
Henryk IX of Lubin
Henry IX of Lubin , was a Duke of Brzeg during 1399–1400 with his brother and since 1400, Duke of Lubin , Chojnów and Oława ....
), the Duke of Cieszyn give the town of Strzelin
Strzelin
Strzelin is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is located on the Oława river, a tributary of the Oder, about south of the region's capital Wrocław. The town is the seat of Strzelin County and also of the smaller municipality of Strzelin...
and 300 fines as payment to Casimir I. Bolesław I retained the rest of his lands.
In 1424 Casimir I took part in the coronation of Sophia of Halshany
Sophia of Halshany
Sophia of Halshany , was a Lithuanian princess of Halshany, Queen of Poland from , and the last wife of Jogaila.-Biography:...
as Queen of Poland. However, this doesn't mean that the Duke of Oświęcim maintain a pro-Polish politics; in fact, he began at the same time his contacts to with the Bohemian King Sigismund of Luxembourg, and even spend some time in his court (there are information that Casimir I, for unknown reasons, received from the King a pension for 3,000 pieces of gold, perhaps as a payment for his mediation with the Teutonic Order, which, had good relations with the Duke of Oświęcim).
In 1428 Casimir I land's were plundered by the Hussites. During their incursions over Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
, were burned the towns of Kęty
Kety
Kęty is a town in Oświęcim County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland with 19,175 inhabitants .The town dates its earliest document from 1277 when Polish prince of Opole Władysław confirmed sale of the settlement and adoption of Lviv city rights. The town's name comes from the word kąt...
, Toszek
Toszek
Toszek is a town in Poland, in Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, with 4,000 inhabitants.- History :The beginning of the settlement and fortified keep is dated in the 9th and 10th centuries when the area was ruled by the Piasts, Mieszko I of Poland and later Bolesław I the Brave.The fortified...
and Pyskowice
Pyskowice
Pyskowice is a town in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Borders on the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Located in the Silesian Highlands....
. Another of town who belonged to the Duke of Oświęcim, Gliwice
Gliwice
Gliwice is a city in Upper Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Gliwice is the west district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union – a metropolis with a population of 2 million...
, become in a major Hussite base on Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of...
. The struggles with the hussites in the region lasted until 1433, when Casimir I was able to recover Gliwice (who was replaced as a Hussite base by the nearby Bytom
Bytom
Bytom is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bytomka river .The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship since...
) thanks to the unexpected help of Duke Nicholas V of Karniów
Krnov
Krnov is an Upper Silesian city in the northeastern Czech Republic, in the Moravian-Silesian Region, the District of Bruntál, on the Opava River, near the Polish border....
(son of Jan II of Iron, who years before ordened the assassination of Casimir I's father).
Casimir I died in 1434 and was buried in the Dominican
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
church in Oświęcim
Oswiecim
Oświęcim is a town in the Lesser Poland province of southern Poland, situated west of Kraków, near the confluence of the rivers Vistula and Soła.- History :...
.
Marriages and Issue
Before 28 May 1417 Casimir I married firstly with Anna (c. 1397 - 1426/33), daughter of Duke Henry VIII of ŻagańHenry VIII the Sparrow
Henry VIII the Sparrow was a Duke of Żagań–Głogów during 1368–1378 , from 1378 ruler over Zielona Góra, Szprotawa, Kożuchów, Przemków and Sulechów, and since 1395 ruler over half of Głogów, Ścinawa and Bytom Odrzański.He was the second son of Henry V of Iron, Duke of Żagań–Głogów, by...
. They had three sons:
- Wenceslaus IWenceslaus I of ZatorWenceslaus I of Zator , was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434-1445 and Duke of Zator from 1445 until his death.He was the eldest son of Duke Casimir I of Oświęcim by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke Henry VIII of Żagań....
(c. 1418 - before 29 July 1468). - PrzemysławPrzemysław of ToszekPrzemysław of Toszek was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434–1445 and Duke of Toszek since 1445 until his death....
(1425 - December 1484). - Jan IV (1426/30 - by 21 February 1497).
By 1433, Casimir I married secondly with Margareta (1410 - 5 July 1459), daughter of Jan II of Iron, Duke of Racibórz
Racibórz
Racibórz is a town in southern Poland with 60,218 inhabitants situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship...
. They had no children.