Prijezda I
Encyclopedia
Prijezda I was a Bosnian
Ban
as a vassal
of the Hungarian Kingdom
reigning 1250–1287. He was probably the founder of the House of Kotromanić
.
later on. According to the Pope
's letter to Ban
Matej Ninoslav
, he converted back to Catholicism
during Matej's reign. As he could not be trusted because of his previous conversion
, he was forced to send his son as a guarantee to the Dominican Order
. Ban Matej Ninoslav had to beg even to Rome
itself for the release of Prijezda's son, Prijezda II
, guaranteeing that they are none other than faithful Catholics - but the pleas reached deaf ears.
(1234–1239) against Matej Ninoslav
Herzeg Coloman commanding the Christian
Armies
conquered most of Bosnia and temporarily pushed Matej and his forces. He gave the title
of Bosnian Ban to Prijezda, who was Ninoslav's closest living relative. Prijezda ruled for only two years, because Matej managed to restore control over most of Bosnia after the Hungarian defeat in the face of the Tartars. As Prijezda was in mortal danger, he fled to Hungary
.
in 1250, the question of power over Bosnia
was initiated. Ninoslav's sons fought valiantly to keep Bosnia independent, but eventually King
Béla IV of Hungary
martially subjected Bosnia and implaced Prijezda as its Ban, who vouched that he would rule in Hungary
's name.
After he became Ban, Prijezda started a campaign to exterminate the Bosnian Church
's heresy
in Bosnia. Due to his ruthless fight against the Bogumils, the Pope ordered the Dominicans to return him his son as it appeared that Prijezda became a pious Catholic. On 11 November 1253 Hungarian King Bela wrote how he fiercely fought against the Bosnian heretics with his armies. Bosnia was finally defeated - and King Bela partitioned it, giving Bosnia proper (the area between the valleys of the rivers of Vrbas
and Bosna
) to Prijezda as his hereditary demesne. Out of the areas of Usora and Soli he created separate Banate
s ruled by Bans implaced by the King - who he later subjected to the Banate of Mačva
, which has just been raised to a Dukedom
. The King implaced his grandson Bela as the Herzog (Duke) of Mačva. Eventually, Bosnia itself was subjected to the Duchy of Mačva.
Because of his heroic fights, Prijezda received the title "Fidelis Nnoster" ("Our Faithful") from the Hungarian King, as well as several lands outside Bosnia, around Gornji Miholjac
. King Bela IV of Hungary attacked the Serb Kingdom of Rascia
of King Stefan Uroš I and conquered Zahumlje
in 1254 which it gave to Prijezda's Bosnia, but the eventual peace between Hungary and the Serbs
returned it to Rascia
. In 1255 the Hungarian King granted new lands to the Bosnian Ban in Slavonia. Prijezda had to dispatch Bosnian forces in 1260 to fight in the Hungarian Army against the Bohemian King.
In 1270, King Bela IV died. He was succeeded by his son Stephen V
. The powerful Duke of Mačva
was killed a war in 1272. The same year King Stephen V dies. The Hungarian throne was succeeded by the his son Ladislaus IV of Cumans
. He was too young to rule, so his Cuman mother Elizabeth acted as Regent
. During these changing times for the power in Hungary
Prijezda's power dropped severely. Not only did several Hungarian
nobles, including Ugrin of Severin
, Hungary's treasure
-holder included Bosnia in their titles, but a certain Bosnian
nobleman Stephen appeared in Bosnia with high influence and prestige; greatly surpassing that of Prijezda.
In 1284, Prijezda arranged a marriage between the Serbia
n Princess
Jelisaveta, daughter of the King of Syrmia
, Stefan Dragutin, and his son Kotroman in an attempt to forge an ever-lasting alliance with Dragutin.
Prijezda was forced to withdraw from the throne in 1287 due to his old age. He spent his last hours on his estate in Zemljenik.
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
Ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
as a vassal
Vassal
A vassal or feudatory is a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually including the grant of land held...
of the Hungarian Kingdom
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
reigning 1250–1287. He was probably the founder of the House of Kotromanić
House of Kotromanic
The Kotromanić dynasty was a ruling house that ruled in the medieval Bosnia and the surrounding lands, from the 13th century as Bans until the crowning with the Bosnian crowns in 1377 and then as kings until the Ottoman conquest conquest in 1463....
.
From Christianity to Heresy and backwards
Prijezda was originally a Roman Catholic Christian, but he converted to BogomilismBogomilism
Bogomilism was a Gnostic religiopolitical sect founded in the First Bulgarian Empire by the priest Bogomil during the reign of Tsar Petar I in the 10th century...
later on. According to the Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
's letter to Ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Matej Ninoslav
Matej Ninoslav
Matej Ninoslav , son of Radivoj, was a Bosnian Ban . Most of Bosnia was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1235 to 1241. Ninoslav was also a Prince of Split in 1242–1244 during the local civil war. Ninoslav established control of most of Bosnia after the Hungarian withdrawal...
, he converted back to Catholicism
Catholicism
Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its theologies and doctrines, its liturgical, ethical, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
during Matej's reign. As he could not be trusted because of his previous conversion
Religious conversion
Religious conversion is the adoption of a new religion that differs from the convert's previous religion. Changing from one denomination to another within the same religion is usually described as reaffiliation rather than conversion.People convert to a different religion for various reasons,...
, he was forced to send his son as a guarantee to the Dominican Order
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
. Ban Matej Ninoslav had to beg even to Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
itself for the release of Prijezda's son, Prijezda II
Prijezda II
Prijezda II was a Bosnian Ban in 1287–1290 alone, but later together with his brother Stephen I Kotroman as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom. He was one of the sons of Ban Prijezda I. After his father's withdrawal from power in 1287, he split Bosnia with his brother taking control over western...
, guaranteeing that they are none other than faithful Catholics - but the pleas reached deaf ears.
Reign during the Crusade
During the Crusades in BosniaBosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
(1234–1239) against Matej Ninoslav
Matej Ninoslav
Matej Ninoslav , son of Radivoj, was a Bosnian Ban . Most of Bosnia was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1235 to 1241. Ninoslav was also a Prince of Split in 1242–1244 during the local civil war. Ninoslav established control of most of Bosnia after the Hungarian withdrawal...
Herzeg Coloman commanding the Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
Armies
Army
An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps...
conquered most of Bosnia and temporarily pushed Matej and his forces. He gave the title
Title
A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may even be inserted between a first and last name...
of Bosnian Ban to Prijezda, who was Ninoslav's closest living relative. Prijezda ruled for only two years, because Matej managed to restore control over most of Bosnia after the Hungarian defeat in the face of the Tartars. As Prijezda was in mortal danger, he fled to Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
.
Ban
After the death of Matej NinoslavMatej Ninoslav
Matej Ninoslav , son of Radivoj, was a Bosnian Ban . Most of Bosnia was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1235 to 1241. Ninoslav was also a Prince of Split in 1242–1244 during the local civil war. Ninoslav established control of most of Bosnia after the Hungarian withdrawal...
in 1250, the question of power over Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
was initiated. Ninoslav's sons fought valiantly to keep Bosnia independent, but eventually King
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV , King of Hungary and of Croatia , duke of Styria 1254–58. One of the most famous kings of Hungary, he distinguished himself through his policy of strengthening of the royal power following the example of his grandfather Bela III, and by the rebuilding Hungary after the catastrophe of the...
martially subjected Bosnia and implaced Prijezda as its Ban, who vouched that he would rule in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
's name.
After he became Ban, Prijezda started a campaign to exterminate the Bosnian Church
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church is historically thought to be an indigenous branch of the Bogomils that existed in Bosnia during the Middle Ages. Adherents of the church called themselves simply Krstjani...
's heresy
Heresy
Heresy is a controversial or novel change to a system of beliefs, especially a religion, that conflicts with established dogma. It is distinct from apostasy, which is the formal denunciation of one's religion, principles or cause, and blasphemy, which is irreverence toward religion...
in Bosnia. Due to his ruthless fight against the Bogumils, the Pope ordered the Dominicans to return him his son as it appeared that Prijezda became a pious Catholic. On 11 November 1253 Hungarian King Bela wrote how he fiercely fought against the Bosnian heretics with his armies. Bosnia was finally defeated - and King Bela partitioned it, giving Bosnia proper (the area between the valleys of the rivers of Vrbas
Vrbas
Vrbas may refer to:* Vrbas , river in Bosnia and Herzegovina* Vrbas , town and municipality in Vojvodina, Serbia* Vrbas , village in Bosnia and Herzegovina...
and Bosna
Bosna
The Bosna is the third longest river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with the Neretva and Vrbas Rivers; the other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Una, to the northwest, the Sava, to the north, and the Drina,...
) to Prijezda as his hereditary demesne. Out of the areas of Usora and Soli he created separate Banate
Banate
-Geography:* Banate, Iloilo, a municipality in the Philippines.* An alternate name for a "banovina", an internal division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1941.* Banat, a geographical and historical region of Southeastern Europe.-See also:...
s ruled by Bans implaced by the King - who he later subjected to the Banate of Mačva
Macva
Mačva is a geographical region in Serbia, mostly situated in the northwest of Central Serbia. It is located in a fertile plain between the Sava and Drina rivers. The chief town of this region is Šabac. The modern Mačva District of Serbia is named after the region, although the region of Mačva...
, which has just been raised to a Dukedom
Dukedom
Dukedom may refer to:* Duchy, the territory ruled by a duke* the office of a duke-Places:United States* Dukedom, Kentucky and Tennessee, an unincorporated community in Graves County, Kentucky and Weakley County, Tennessee-Computer games:...
. The King implaced his grandson Bela as the Herzog (Duke) of Mačva. Eventually, Bosnia itself was subjected to the Duchy of Mačva.
Because of his heroic fights, Prijezda received the title "Fidelis Nnoster" ("Our Faithful") from the Hungarian King, as well as several lands outside Bosnia, around Gornji Miholjac
Gornji Miholjac
Gornji Miholjac is a village in Croatia....
. King Bela IV of Hungary attacked the Serb Kingdom of Rascia
History of Serbia
The history of Serbia, as a country, begins with the Slavic settlements in the Balkans, established in the 6th century in territories governed by the Byzantine Empire. Through centuries, the Serbian realm evolved into a Kingdom , then an Empire , before the Ottomans annexed it in 1540...
of King Stefan Uroš I and conquered Zahumlje
Zahumlje
Zachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia...
in 1254 which it gave to Prijezda's Bosnia, but the eventual peace between Hungary and the Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
returned it to Rascia
Rascia
Rascia was a medieval region that served as the principal province of the Serbian realm. It was an administrative division under the direct rule of the monarch and sometimes as an appanage. The term has been used to refer to various Serbian states throughout the Middle Ages...
. In 1255 the Hungarian King granted new lands to the Bosnian Ban in Slavonia. Prijezda had to dispatch Bosnian forces in 1260 to fight in the Hungarian Army against the Bohemian King.
In 1270, King Bela IV died. He was succeeded by his son Stephen V
Stephen V of Hungary
Stephen V , was King of Hungary from 1270 to 1272.-Early years:...
. The powerful Duke of Mačva
Macva
Mačva is a geographical region in Serbia, mostly situated in the northwest of Central Serbia. It is located in a fertile plain between the Sava and Drina rivers. The chief town of this region is Šabac. The modern Mačva District of Serbia is named after the region, although the region of Mačva...
was killed a war in 1272. The same year King Stephen V dies. The Hungarian throne was succeeded by the his son Ladislaus IV of Cumans
Cumans
The Cumans were Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman-Kipchak confederation. After Mongol invasion , they decided to seek asylum in Hungary, and subsequently to Bulgaria...
. He was too young to rule, so his Cuman mother Elizabeth acted as Regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
. During these changing times for the power in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
Prijezda's power dropped severely. Not only did several Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
nobles, including Ugrin of Severin
Severin
Severin, Séverin or Severinus may refer to:* Severin -Places:* Caraş-Severin County, a county in Romania* Severin County, a defunct county in Romania that was merged into the present Caraş-Severin County...
, Hungary's treasure
Treasure
Treasure is a concentration of riches, often one which is considered lost or forgotten until being rediscovered...
-holder included Bosnia in their titles, but a certain Bosnian
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
nobleman Stephen appeared in Bosnia with high influence and prestige; greatly surpassing that of Prijezda.
In 1284, Prijezda arranged a marriage between the Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
n Princess
Princess
Princess is the feminine form of prince . Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or his daughters....
Jelisaveta, daughter of the King of Syrmia
Syrmia
Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
, Stefan Dragutin, and his son Kotroman in an attempt to forge an ever-lasting alliance with Dragutin.
Prijezda was forced to withdraw from the throne in 1287 due to his old age. He spent his last hours on his estate in Zemljenik.
Children
Prijezda had four children:- Kotroman - it is not known precisely if he was his son
- Prijezda IIPrijezda IIPrijezda II was a Bosnian Ban in 1287–1290 alone, but later together with his brother Stephen I Kotroman as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom. He was one of the sons of Ban Prijezda I. After his father's withdrawal from power in 1287, he split Bosnia with his brother taking control over western...
- Vuk (died 1287)
- a daughter that married Stephen Vodički of the CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n Babonić family
See also
- House of KotromanićHouse of KotromanicThe Kotromanić dynasty was a ruling house that ruled in the medieval Bosnia and the surrounding lands, from the 13th century as Bans until the crowning with the Bosnian crowns in 1377 and then as kings until the Ottoman conquest conquest in 1463....
- History of Bosnia and HerzegovinaHistory of Bosnia and Herzegovina-Pre-Slavic Period :Bosnia has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. In the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the 4th and 3rd century BCE displaced many Illyrian tribes from their former...
- History of HungaryHistory of HungaryHungary is a country in central Europe. Its history under this name dates to the early Middle Ages, when the Pannonian Basin was colonized by the Magyars, a semi-nomadic people from what is now central-northern Russia...
- List of Bosnian rulers
- List of Bosnians
Sources
- Veselinović, Andrija & Ljušić, Radoš (2001). Српске династије, Platoneum.
- Ćorović, VladimirVladimir CorovicVladimir Ćorović was a 20th-century Serbian historian, member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts . He is best known for his many acclaimed works on the history of Serbs and Yugoslavia.-Early:...
(2005). ИЛУСТРОВАНА ИСТОРИЈА СРБА, Book II, PolitikaPolitikaPolitika is a Serbian newspaper. It is considered the newspaper of record and is the oldest daily in the Balkans, having been founded on January 25, 1904 by Vladislav Ribnikar. It is currently being published by Politika Newspapers and Magazines , a joint venture between Politika AD and...
. - Intervju - ДИНАСТИЈЕ и владари јужнословенских народа. Special Edition 12, 16 June 1989.
External links
- History of the Serbs, by Vladimir ĆorovićVladimir CorovicVladimir Ćorović was a 20th-century Serbian historian, member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts . He is best known for his many acclaimed works on the history of Serbs and Yugoslavia.-Early:...