Port of Shanghai
Encyclopedia
The Port of Shanghai, located in the vicinity of Shanghai
, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port.
In 2010, Shanghai port overtook Singapore port to become the world's busiest container port. Shanghai's port handled 29.05 million TEUs
, whereas Singapore port was a half million TEU's behind.
to the east, and Hangzhou Bay
to the south. It includes the heads of the Yangtze River
, Huangpu River
(which enters the Yangtze River), and Qiantang River
.
which superseded the Shanghai Port Authority in 2003. Shanghai International Port Company Limited is a public listed company, of which the Shanghai Municipal Government owns 44.23 percent of the outstanding shares.
During the Ming Dynasty
, what is now the city of Shanghai
was a part of Jiangsu Province (with a small part in Zhejiang Province). While Shanghai had become a county seat in the Yuan Dynasty
, it remained a relatively small town.
Its location at the mouth of the Yangtze led to its development as coastal trade developed during the Qing Dynasty
, especially the Qianlong era. Gradually, the port of Shanghai surpassed the port of Ningbo
and the port of Guangzhou
to became the largest port of China at the time.
In 1842, Shanghai became a treaty port
, thus developing into an international commercial city. By the early 20th century, it was the largest city in the Far East, and the largest port in the Far East.
In 1949, with the Communist
takeover in Shanghai
, overseas trade was cut dramatically. The economic policy of the People's Republic had a crippling effect on Shanghai's infrastructure and capital development.
In 1991, the central government allowed Shanghai to initiate economic reform. Since then, the port of Shanghai has developed at an increasing pace. By 2005, the Yangshan
deep water port was built on the Yangshan islands, a group of islands in Hangzhou Bay
, linked to Shanghai
by the Donghai Bridge
. This development allowed the port to overcome shallow water conditions in its current location, and to rival another deep-water port, the nearby Ningbo
-Zhoushan
port.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port.
In 2010, Shanghai port overtook Singapore port to become the world's busiest container port. Shanghai's port handled 29.05 million TEUs
Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used to describe the capacity of container ships and container terminals...
, whereas Singapore port was a half million TEU's behind.
Geography
The Port of Shanghai faces the East China SeaEast China Sea
The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1,249,000 km² or 750,000 square miles.-Geography:...
to the east, and Hangzhou Bay
Hangzhou Bay
Hangzhou Bay, or the Bay of Hangzhou , is an inlet of the East China Sea, bordered by the province of Zhejiang and the municipality of Shanghai. The Qiantang River flows into the bay.It lies south of Shanghai, and ends at the city of Hangzhou...
to the south. It includes the heads of the Yangtze River
Yangtze River
The Yangtze, Yangzi or Cháng Jiāng is the longest river in Asia, and the third-longest in the world. It flows for from the glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai eastward across southwest, central and eastern China before emptying into the East China Sea at Shanghai. It is also one of the...
, Huangpu River
Huangpu River
The Huangpu River is a -long river in China flowing through Shanghai...
(which enters the Yangtze River), and Qiantang River
Qiantang River
The Qiantang River is a southeast Chinese river that originates in the borders of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces and passes through Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, before flowing into the East China Sea through Hangzhou Bay....
.
Administration
The Port of Shanghai is managed by Shanghai International PortShanghai International Port (Group)
Shanghai International Port Co., Ltd. or SIPG is the exclusive operator of all the public terminals in the Port of Shanghai. It is a SSE 50 company. Its headquarters are in Shanghai.-External links:*...
which superseded the Shanghai Port Authority in 2003. Shanghai International Port Company Limited is a public listed company, of which the Shanghai Municipal Government owns 44.23 percent of the outstanding shares.
History
During the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
, what is now the city of Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
was a part of Jiangsu Province (with a small part in Zhejiang Province). While Shanghai had become a county seat in the Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
, it remained a relatively small town.
Its location at the mouth of the Yangtze led to its development as coastal trade developed during the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, especially the Qianlong era. Gradually, the port of Shanghai surpassed the port of Ningbo
Ningbo
Ningbo is a seaport city of northeastern Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, the municipality has a population of 7,605,700 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 3,089,180 in the built up area made of 6 urban districts. It lies south of the Hangzhou Bay,...
and the port of Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
to became the largest port of China at the time.
In 1842, Shanghai became a treaty port
Treaty ports
The treaty ports was the name given to the port cities in China, Japan, and Korea that were opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties.-Chinese treaty ports:...
, thus developing into an international commercial city. By the early 20th century, it was the largest city in the Far East, and the largest port in the Far East.
In 1949, with the Communist
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
takeover in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, overseas trade was cut dramatically. The economic policy of the People's Republic had a crippling effect on Shanghai's infrastructure and capital development.
In 1991, the central government allowed Shanghai to initiate economic reform. Since then, the port of Shanghai has developed at an increasing pace. By 2005, the Yangshan
Yangshan
Yangshan Port , or Yangshan Deep-Water Port , is a deepwater port for container ships in Hangzhou Bay south of Shanghai.Built to allow the Port of Shanghai to grow despite shallow waters near the shore, it allows berths with depths of up to 15 metres to be built, and can handle today's largest...
deep water port was built on the Yangshan islands, a group of islands in Hangzhou Bay
Hangzhou Bay
Hangzhou Bay, or the Bay of Hangzhou , is an inlet of the East China Sea, bordered by the province of Zhejiang and the municipality of Shanghai. The Qiantang River flows into the bay.It lies south of Shanghai, and ends at the city of Hangzhou...
, linked to Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
by the Donghai Bridge
Donghai Bridge
Donghai Bridge is one of longest cross-sea bridge in the world. It was completed on December 10, 2005. It has a total length of and connects mainland Shanghai and the offshore Yangshan deep-water port in China. Most of the bridge is a low-level viaduct. There are also cable-stayed sections to...
. This development allowed the port to overcome shallow water conditions in its current location, and to rival another deep-water port, the nearby Ningbo
Ningbo
Ningbo is a seaport city of northeastern Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, the municipality has a population of 7,605,700 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 3,089,180 in the built up area made of 6 urban districts. It lies south of the Hangzhou Bay,...
-Zhoushan
Zhoushan
Zhoushan or Zhoushan Archipelago New Area; formerly transliterated as Chusan, is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. The only prefecture-level city of the People's Republic of China consisting solely of islands, it lies across the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay,...
port.
Harbour zones
The port of Shanghai includes 5 major working zones:- Yangtze RiverYangtze RiverThe Yangtze, Yangzi or Cháng Jiāng is the longest river in Asia, and the third-longest in the world. It flows for from the glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai eastward across southwest, central and eastern China before emptying into the East China Sea at Shanghai. It is also one of the...
estuary - Huangpu RiverHuangpu RiverThe Huangpu River is a -long river in China flowing through Shanghai...
mouth at Wusongkou (Chinese: 吴淞口) - Waigaoqiao (外高桥) in PudongPudongPudong |Bank]]") is an area of Shanghai, China, located along the east side of the Huangpu River, across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi. Formerly a little-developed agricultural area linked only by ferries, Pudong has grown rapidly since the 1990s and emerged as China's financial...
- YangshanYangshanYangshan Port , or Yangshan Deep-Water Port , is a deepwater port for container ships in Hangzhou Bay south of Shanghai.Built to allow the Port of Shanghai to grow despite shallow waters near the shore, it allows berths with depths of up to 15 metres to be built, and can handle today's largest...
deep water port (Hangzhou BayHangzhou BayHangzhou Bay, or the Bay of Hangzhou , is an inlet of the East China Sea, bordered by the province of Zhejiang and the municipality of Shanghai. The Qiantang River flows into the bay.It lies south of Shanghai, and ends at the city of Hangzhou...
& East China SeaEast China SeaThe East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1,249,000 km² or 750,000 square miles.-Geography:...
) - PudongPudongPudong |Bank]]") is an area of Shanghai, China, located along the east side of the Huangpu River, across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi. Formerly a little-developed agricultural area linked only by ferries, Pudong has grown rapidly since the 1990s and emerged as China's financial...
coastline (East China Sea)
Economy
The Port of Shanghai is a critically important transport hub for the Yangtze River region and the most important gateway for foreign trade. It serves the Yangtze economically developed hinterland of Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Henan provinces with its dense population, strong industrial base and developed agricultural sector.Data
- 1984: 100 million tons (mt) moved
- 1999: 186 mt
- 2005: 443 mt
- 2006: 537 mt
- 2007: 561 mt
- 2008: 582 mt of cargo and 28 million TEU
- 2009: 590 mt