Politics of Aberdeen
Encyclopedia
The Politics of Aberdeen
Aberdeen
Aberdeen is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 25th most populous city, with an official population estimate of ....

, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

 have changed significantly in recent years. In 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
The Local Government etc. Act 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the current local government structure of 32 unitary authorities covering the whole of Scotland....

, Grampian Regional Council
Grampian
Grampian was a local government region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. It is now divided into the unitary council areas of:*Moray*Aberdeenshire*City of AberdeenThe region had five districts:*Aberdeen*Banff and Buchan...

 was dissolved, creating the new unitary Aberdeen City Council
Aberdeen City Council
Aberdeen City Council represents the Aberdeen City council area of Scotland.The council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. Act 1994...

 to represent the city's council area. Aberdeen City Council no longer has any direct control over the
neighbouring area of Aberdeenshire, although the headquarters of Aberdeenshire Council remain located within the city.

Aberdeen City Council

Aberdeen City Council
Aberdeen City Council
Aberdeen City Council represents the Aberdeen City council area of Scotland.The council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. Act 1994...

 represents the Aberdeen City council area of Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

.

The council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
The Local Government etc. Act 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the current local government structure of 32 unitary authorities covering the whole of Scotland....

. However, a sense of Aberdeen as a city
City status in the United Kingdom
City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the British monarch to a select group of communities. The holding of city status gives a settlement no special rights other than that of calling itself a "city". Nonetheless, this appellation carries its own prestige and, consequently, competitions...

, with its own city council, can be traced back to 1900, when the city of county
Counties of Scotland
The counties of Scotland were the principal local government divisions of Scotland until 1975. Scotland's current lieutenancy areas and registration counties are largely based on them. They are often referred to as historic counties....

 of Aberdeen was created.

In 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
The Local Government Act 1973 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland, on May 16, 1975....

, the county of city was combined with Bucksburn
Bucksburn
Bucksburn is an area of the city of Aberdeen, Scotland, named after the stream that flows through it. Bucksburn was formerly a market village before being swallowed up by the spread of the city. It is now categorised as a "Neighbourhood" by Aberdeen City Council...

, Newhills, Old Machar, Stoneywood, Dyce
Dyce
Dyce is a civil parish and suburb of Aberdeen, Scotland, about north west of Aberdeen city centre, and best known as the location of the city's airport. It is on the River Don.- History :...

 and Peterculter
Peterculter
Peterculter , also known as Culter, is a suburb of Aberdeen, Scotland approximately eight miles inland from Aberdeen city centre. Peterculter is situated along the northern banks of the River Dee in the vicinity of the confluences with Crynoch Burn and Leuchar Burn...

 areas of the county of Aberdeen and a Nigg area of the county of Kincardine (including Cove Bay
Cove Bay
Cove Bay is a suburb on the south-east edge of Aberdeen, Scotland. The 2001 Census showed the population as 7,157 .Today Cove is a popular residential location owing to its village-like status and the nearby Altens and Tullos Industrial Estates, affording ample employment opportunities...

) to form the Aberdeen district of the Grampian
Grampian
Grampian was a local government region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. It is now divided into the unitary council areas of:*Moray*Aberdeenshire*City of AberdeenThe region had five districts:*Aberdeen*Banff and Buchan...

 region
Regions and districts of Scotland
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc Act 1994....

. This district became the now existing unitary council area in 1996.

On 9 May 1995 by resolution under section 23 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
The Local Government Act 1973 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland, on May 16, 1975....

 The City of Aberdeen Council changed the name of the local government area of "City of Aberdeen" to "Aberdeen City".

Composition

Between 2003 and 2007 the council was under the control of a Liberal Democrat and Conservative coalition, holding 23 of the 43 seats on the council. Prior to the 2003 election, the council had been considered a Labour stronghold. Following the May 2007 election, contested for the first time using a system of proportional representation, the Liberal Democrats and Scottish National Party (SNP) formed a coalition to run the council, holding 27 of the 43 seats (following an SNP by election gain from the Conservatives on 16 August 2007, the Lib Dem/SNP coalition now hold 28 of the 43 seats).

Aberdeen City Council comprises forty-three councillors who represent the city's wards and is headed by the Lord Provost who is currently Provost Peter Stephen.

Current political composition: (+/- by election changes since May 2007 election)
  • Liberal Democrat
    Scottish Liberal Democrats
    The Scottish Liberal Democrats are one of the three state parties within the federal Liberal Democrats; the others being the Welsh Liberal Democrats and the Liberal Democrats in England...

     - 15 councillors
  • Scottish National Party
    Scottish National Party
    The Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....

     - 13 councillors (+1)
  • Labour
    Scottish Labour Party
    The Scottish Labour Party is the section of the British Labour Party which operates in Scotland....

     - 10 councillors
  • Conservative - 4 councillors (-1)
  • Independent
    Independent (politician)
    In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...

     - 1 councillor


Chief Officials:
  • Chief Executive - Sue Bruce

New wards from May 2007

Before May 2007, councillors represented 43 single-member wards, but since then,all seats were contested by a different electoral system. On May 5, 2007, it was the first election to use the single transferable vote
Single transferable vote
The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or...

 system of election and multi-member wards, each ward electing three or four councillors. The Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland
Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland
The Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland is an independent body in Scotland created under the Local Government Act 1973...

 completed its final recommendations for new wards for all the council areas of Scotland and for Aberdeen there will be 13 multi-member wards with a total of 43 councillors. This system was introduced as a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
The Local Governance Act 2004 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament which provided, inter alia, for the election of Councillors to the local authorities in Scotland by the Single Transferable Vote system....

, and is designed to produce a form of proportional representation
Proportional representation
Proportional representation is a concept in voting systems used to elect an assembly or council. PR means that the number of seats won by a party or group of candidates is proportionate to the number of votes received. For example, under a PR voting system if 30% of voters support a particular...

.

The composition of wards have changed to:

3 councillors:
  • (11) Airyhall/Broomhill
    Broomhill, Aberdeen
    Broomhill is an affluent, middle class area of Aberdeen, Scotland. It is situated in the west end and is accessible by the A90 South Anderson Drive....

    /Garthdee
  • (8) George Street/Harbour
  • (5) Hilton/Stockethill
  • (13) Kincorth/Loirston
  • (3) Kingswells
    Kingswells
    Kingswells is a suburb of Aberdeen, Scotland, situated west of the city centre, east of Westhill, north of Cults and south of Dyce.Kingswells has existed as a village for centuries, but only in the 1980s did it expand greatly as a result of the boom in the oil industry...

    /Sheddocksley
  • (9) Lower Deeside
  • (7) Midstocket/Rosemount
    Rosemount, Aberdeen
    Rosemount is an area of Aberdeen, Scotland. When referring to Rosemount, the area is generally taken to include Rosemount Place and the surrounding streets. It is situated to the north west of the city centre and is bounded by Mid Stocket, Queens Cross and Berryden.The area is largely Victorian...

  • (4) Northfield
  • (6) Tillydrone
    Tillydrone
    Tillydrone is an area of the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. Lying north of the city centre and slightly north-west of Old Aberdeen, it is roughly bounded by the River Don, St Machar Drive, and the main Aberdeen-Inverness railway line...

    /Seaton/Old Aberdeen
    Old Aberdeen
    Old Aberdeen is part of the city of Aberdeen in Scotland. Old Aberdeen was originally a separate burgh, which was erected into a burgh of barony on 26 December 1489. It was incorporated into adjacent Aberdeen by Act of Parliament in 1891...



4 councillors:
  • (2) Bridge of Don
  • (1) Dyce
    Dyce
    Dyce is a civil parish and suburb of Aberdeen, Scotland, about north west of Aberdeen city centre, and best known as the location of the city's airport. It is on the River Don.- History :...

    /Bucksburn
    Bucksburn
    Bucksburn is an area of the city of Aberdeen, Scotland, named after the stream that flows through it. Bucksburn was formerly a market village before being swallowed up by the spread of the city. It is now categorised as a "Neighbourhood" by Aberdeen City Council...

    /Danestone
  • (10) Hazlehead/Ashley/Queens Cross
  • (12) Torry/Ferryhill


The most recent results from this election were as followed:
Ward Councillors Party
Dyce / Bucksburn / Danestone Ron Clark Liberal Democrat
Barney Crockett Labour
Mark McDonald Scottish National Party
George Penny Liberal Democrat
Bridge of Don Muriel Jaffrey Scottish National Party
Gordon Leslie Liberal Democrat
John Reynolds Liberal Democrat
Willie Young Labour
Kingswells / Sheddocksley Len Ironside Labour
Peter Stephen Liberal Democrat
Wendy Stuart Scottish National Party
Northfield Jackie Dunbar Scottish National Party
Gordon Graham Labour
Kevin Stewart Scottish National Party
Hilton / Stockethill George Adam Labour
Neil Fletcher Liberal Democrat
Kirsty West Scottish National Party
Tillydrone / Seaton / Old Aberdeen Norman Collie Labour
Jim Noble Scottish National Party
Richard Robertson Liberal Democrat
Midstocket / Rosemount Bill Cormie Scottish National Party
Jenny Laing Labour
John Corral Scottish National Party
George Street / Harbour Andy May Scottish National Party
Jim Hunter Labour
John Stewart Liberal Democrat
Lower Deeside Mary Boulton Independent
Aileen Malone Liberal Democrat
Alan Milne Conservative
Hazlehead / Ashley / Queen's Cross Jim Farquharson Conservative
Martin Greig Liberal Democrat
Jennifer Stewart Liberal Democrat
John West
John West (politician)
John West was Depute Provost of the City of Aberdeen from May 2007 until July 2009. He became the youngest person elected as a Local Authority councillor in Scotland on the 3rd of May, 2007 at the age of eighteen with the Scottish National Party...

Scottish National Party
Airyhall / Broomhill / Garthdee Scott Cassie Liberal Democrat
Jillian Wisely Conservative
Ian Yuill Liberal Democrat
Torry / Ferryhill Yvonne Allan Labour
Irene Cormack Liberal Democrat
Alan Donnelly Conservative
Jim Kiddle Scottish National Party
Kincorth / Loirston Neil Cooney Labour
Katherine Dean Liberal Democrat
Callum McCaig Scottish National Party
Source: http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/ACCI/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.asp?lID=9433&sID=4858

Composition (before May 2007)

The previous composition of 43 wards while using the standard First Past the Post voting system. Their representative councillors and political parties were:
Party Ward Councillor
Liberal Democrat (34) Ashley Martin Greig
Scottish National Party (9) Auchmill Kevin Stewart
Labour (2) Bankhead and Stoneywood Brian Rattary
Liberal Democrat (21) Berryden John Stewart
Liberal Democrat (6) Bridge of Don
Bridge of Don
Bridge of Don is a suburb in the north of Aberdeen, Scotland. It has an estimated population of over 22,000.Bridge of Don is split into smaller areas...

Millicent McLeod
Liberal Democrat (35) Broomhill Ian Yuill
Labour (28) Castlehill James Hunter
Liberal Democrat (32) Cults Aileen Malone
Labour (10) Cummings Park Gordon Graham
Liberal Democrat (3) Danestone
Danestone
Danestone is a small, village-like area of Aberdeen, Scotland and is actually part of one of Europe's biggest suburbs, Bridge of Don.Located north-west of Aberdeen City Centre, Danestone is a relatively new area of Aberdeen...

Raymond Hutcheon
Scottish National Party (7) Donmouth Muriel Jaffrey
Liberal Democrat (38) Duthie Irene Cormack
Liberal Democrat (37) Dyce Ronald Clark
Liberal Democrat (36) Garthdee Scott Cassie
Liberal Democrat (26) Gilcomston Alison Smith
Liberal Democrat (29) Hazlehead Karen Freel
Labour (15) Hilton George Adam
Liberal Democrat (37) Holburn David Falconer
Liberal Democrat (4) Jesmond Gordon Leslie
Labour (42) Kincorth East George Urquhart
Independent (41) Kincorth West David Clyne
Liberal Democrat (19) Kittybrewster
Kittybrewster
Kittybrewster is an area within Aberdeen, Scotland, north of the city centre and roughly south-west of Old Aberdeen.-Transport:Within the area the A9012 road joins the A978 road; there are also several railway tracks, one of which follows the route of the Aberdeenshire Canal...

Neil Fletcher
Liberal Democrat (27) Langstane Steve Delaney
Liberal Democrat (43) Loirston Katherine Dean
Conservative (33) Mannofield Jillian Wisely
Labour (12) Mastrick
Mastrick
Mastrick is an area of Aberdeen, Scotland, located on the western fringes of the city around 2.5 miles from the city centre. It currently has a population of 7871 and an unemployment rate of 1.6%. Residential property in the area is a mix of houses and flats, 23% of which are still council owned...

Ramsey Milne
Conservative (24 ) Midstocket
Mid Stocket
Midstocket is an area of Aberdeen, Scotland. It is named after the Forest of Stocket, which was a gift from Robert the Bruce to the people of Aberdeen in 1319. The income from the forests land formed Aberdeen's Common Good Fund....

John Porter
Liberal Democrat (31) Murtle Matthew Duncan
Liberal Democrat (8) Newhills Peter Stephen
Liberal Democrat (5) Oldmachar John Reynolds
Liberal Democrat (30) Peterculter
Peterculter
Peterculter , also known as Culter, is a suburb of Aberdeen, Scotland approximately eight miles inland from Aberdeen city centre. Peterculter is situated along the northern banks of the River Dee in the vicinity of the confluences with Crynoch Burn and Leuchar Burn...

Pamela MacDonald
Labour (23) Pittodrie Ronald Webster
Conservative (25) Queens Cross
Queens Cross
Queen's Cross is area in the west-end of Aberdeen, Scotland. It is located just west from the main Union Street and about from the geographical town centre at Mercat Cross....

Brenda Craig
Labour (18) Seaton Norman Collie
Labour (13) Sheddocksley James Lamond
Scottish National Party (11) Springhill Karen Shirron
Labour (17) St. Machar Sandra Macdonald
Labour (20) Stockethill June Lamond
Labour (14) Summerhill
Summerhill, Aberdeen
Summerhill is an area of the city of Aberdeen, in the north-east of Scotland, United Kingdom....

Leonard Ironside
Scottish National Party (22) Sunnybank Andrew May
Labour (39) Torry
Torry
-Setting and historical development:Torry, lying on the south bank of the River Dee, was once a Royal Burgh in its own right, having been erected a burgh of barony in 1495. It was incorporated into Aberdeen in 1891, after the construction of the Victoria Bridge, itself made possible by the 1871...

Yvonne Allan
Scottish National Party (40) Tullos James Kiddie
Scottish National Party (16) Woodside
Woodside, Aberdeen
Woodside is a part of the city of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.The area used to be separate from the city but was incorporated in 1891....

 & Tillydrone
Tillydrone
Tillydrone is an area of the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. Lying north of the city centre and slightly north-west of Old Aberdeen, it is roughly bounded by the River Don, St Machar Drive, and the main Aberdeen-Inverness railway line...

Alan Gowers
Source: Aberdeen City Council

UK Parliament

In the United Kingdom Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...

, the city is divided between three constituencies:
Party Constituency Member
Labour Aberdeen North
Aberdeen North (UK Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen North is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and it elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election...

Frank Doran
Labour Aberdeen South
Aberdeen South (UK Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen South is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and it elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election...

Anne Begg
Anne Begg
Dame Anne Begg, DBE is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament for Aberdeen South since 1997...

Liberal Democrat Gordon
Gordon (UK Parliament constituency)
Gordon is a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , which elects one member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election...

Malcolm Bruce
Malcolm Bruce
Malcolm Gray Bruce, MP is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician. He is the Member of Parliament for Gordon. He has been the chairman of the International Development Select Committee since 2005.-Early life:...


Scottish Parliament

There are three Scottish Parliament
Scottish Parliament
The Scottish Parliament is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland, located in the Holyrood area of the capital, Edinburgh. The Parliament, informally referred to as "Holyrood", is a democratically elected body comprising 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament...

 constituencies that overlap the Aberdeen City Council area in the North East Scotland
North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
North East Scotland is one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament which were created in 1999. Nine of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies are sub-divisions of the region and it elects seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament...

 electoral region
Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions
Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions were first used in 1999, in the first general election of the Scottish Parliament , created by the Scotland Act 1998....

:
Party Constituency Member
Aberdeen Central
Aberdeen Central (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen Central is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament by the first past the post method of election and is one of nine constituencies in the North East Scotland electoral region...

Kevin Stewart
Kevin Stewart
Kevin Stewart AO , a former Australian politician, was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Canterbury between 1962 and 1985 for the Australian Labor Party...

Scottish National Party Aberdeen North
Aberdeen North (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen North was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament from 1999–2011. It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament by the first past the post method of election...

Brian Adam
Brian Adam
Brian Adam is the Scottish Government Minister for Parliamentary Business and Chief Whip and Scottish National Party Member of the Scottish Parliament for Aberdeen Donside constituency....

Aberdeen South
Aberdeen South (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen South is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament . It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament by the first past the post method of election...

Maureen Watt
Maureen Watt
Maureen Watt is a Scottish National Party Member of the Scottish Parliament for North East Scotland since 2006.Born in Aberdeen to a farming family, she was a secondary school teacher in Social Studies in England and moved back to Scotland to work in the oil sector.She was sworn in as MSP on 19...



Other MSPs
Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.-Methods of Election:MSPs are elected in one of two ways:...

 in the North East Scotland electoral region (but selected by the Additional Member
Mixed member proportional representation
Mixed-member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is a voting system originally used to elect representatives to the German Bundestag, and nowadays adopted by numerous legislatures around the world...

 proportional representation system, and not in constituencies overlapping Aberdeen City or the Aberdeen City Council area) are:
Party Members
Labour Richard Baker
Scottish National Party Nigel Don
Nigel Don
Nigel Don MSP is a Scottish politician. He was the successful SNP candidate for Angus North and Mearns in the 2011 Scottish Parliamentary election...

Labour Marlyn Glen
Marlyn Glen
Marlyn Glen is a Scottish Labour politician, and was Member of the Scottish Parliament for North East Scotland region from 2003 till she stood down in the election of 2011....

Conservative Alex Johnstone
Alex Johnstone
Alex Johnstone is a Scottish Conservative & Unionist politician, and Member of the Scottish Parliament for the North East Scotland Region since 1999. He fought the West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine constituency in the 2005 General Election, finishing second...

Liberal Democrat Alison McInnes
Alison McInnes
Alison McInnes MSP is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician, and Member of the Scottish Parliament for the North East Scotland Region...

Conservative Nanette Milne
Nanette Milne
Dr. Nanette Milne is a Scottish Conservative Party politician who has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament for the North East Scotland Region since 2003.- Background :...

Scottish National Party Maureen Watt
Maureen Watt
Maureen Watt is a Scottish National Party Member of the Scottish Parliament for North East Scotland since 2006.Born in Aberdeen to a farming family, she was a secondary school teacher in Social Studies in England and moved back to Scotland to work in the oil sector.She was sworn in as MSP on 19...


European Parliament

In the European Parliament
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...

, Scotland as a whole (and therefore Aberdeen) is represented by six MEPs
Member of the European Parliament
A Member of the European Parliament is a person who has been elected to the European Parliament. The name of MEPs differ in different languages, with terms such as europarliamentarian or eurodeputy being common in Romance language-speaking areas.When the European Parliament was first established,...

:
Party Members
Liberal Democrat George Lyon
Scottish National Party Ian Hudghton
Ian Hudghton
Ian Stewart Hudghton is a Scottish politician, and has been a Scottish National Party Member of the European Parliament for Scotland since 1998, when he won his seat in a rare European Parliamentary by-election, after the death of sitting SNP MEP Allan Macartney.Since the 2004 European elections,...

Labour David Martin
David Martin (Scottish politician)
David Martin is a British Labour Party politician, and member of the European Parliament for Scotland.He was educated outside of Edinburgh at Liberton High School. He was first elected as a councillor in 1982, and won the Lothians seat in the 1984 European Parliament elections...

Scottish National Party Alyn Smith
Alyn Smith
Alyn Smith is a Scottish politician, and Scottish National Party Member of the European Parliament for Scotland.He is also the SNP's agricultural spokesman.-Early life and career:...

Conservative Struan Stevenson
Struan Stevenson
Struan Stevenson is a Scottish politician. He is a Member of the European Parliament for Scotland and Vice Chair of the Committee on Fisheries, in addition to which, he is member of the Executive of the Scottish Conservative party.-Political career:Stevenson served his early political career as...

Labour Catherine Stihler
Catherine Stihler
Catherine Stihler is a British Labour Party politician. She has been a Member of the European Parliament for Scotland since 1999, being re-elected in 2004 and 2009...


Twinned cities

Aberdeen is twinned
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

 with several cities across Europe and throughout the rest of the world. These include:
- Regensburg
Regensburg
Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...

, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 - Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne region, with a population of 140,700 . Its metropolitan area had 409,558 inhabitants at the 1999 census. It is the prefecture of the Puy-de-Dôme department...

, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 - Stavanger
Stavanger
Stavanger is a city and municipality in the county of Rogaland, Norway.Stavanger municipality has a population of 126,469. There are 197,852 people living in the Stavanger conurbation, making Stavanger the fourth largest city, but the third largest urban area, in Norway...

, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

- Gomel, Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...

 - Bulawayo
Bulawayo
Bulawayo is the second largest city in Zimbabwe after the capital Harare, with an estimated population in 2010 of 2,000,000. It is located in Matabeleland, 439 km southwest of Harare, and is now treated as a separate provincial area from Matabeleland...

, Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK