Podcasting by traditional broadcasters
Encyclopedia
Podcasting by traditional broadcasters started around the third quarter of 2004 when radio station
Radio station
Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both...

s began to investigate the suitability of podcast
Podcast
A podcast is a series of digital media files that are released episodically and often downloaded through web syndication...

ing for delivering their programming. The first podcasts were commonly news and interview shows that were free of the complications of music licensing.

The first pioneers were born in 2005 of June English language
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 public radio producers, such as National Public Radio and Public Radio International
Public Radio International
Public Radio International is a Minneapolis-based American public radio organization, with locations in Boston, New York, London and Beijing. PRI's tagline is "Hear a different voice." PRI is a major public media content creator and also distributes programs from many sources...

 both US
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

-based, as well as other public media players such as the BBC and Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly referred to as "the ABC" , is Australia's national public broadcaster...

, followed within months by commercial radio, and by broadcasters in other countries and other languages. In the US, individual television stations also began audio-only podcasts of news programs. Network programming was added later, including audio feeds related to television dramatic series.

The technology behind podcasting became available in January 2001, and the word was coined in early 2004, when only a few websites used the format as an outgrowth of weblog syndication feeds. In 2004 and 2005, trial years for the format, many traditional broadcasters offered only a selection of programming as a way to gauge demand for the new delivery method. As of December 2005, few traditional broadcasters were yet to adopt podcasting for all of their content.

Australia

The ABC's Radio National and Triple J Networks, and SBS SBS are making programmes available. In May 2005 Sydney station 2MBS
2MBS
2MBS FM is a Sydney music radio station operated by the Music Broadcasting Society of New South Wales Co-Operative Limited.Launched in 15 December 1974, it is Australia's first fully licensed FM radio station....

 became the first Australian community broadcaster to make content available in the format when its Ultima Thule
Ultima Thule Ambient Music
Ultima Thule Ambient Music is a long-running, specialist ambient music radio show which has been broadcast on Australian community radio since 1989. The show has been described as one of the leading alternative music programmes on Australian radio. It is also available as a webcast and as a podcast...

weekly ambient music
Ambient music
Ambient music is a musical genre that focuses largely on the timbral characteristics of sounds, often organized or performed to evoke an "atmospheric", "visual" or "unobtrusive" quality.- History :...

 programme was made available as a podcast.
Most large stations now offer podcasts of their programs, or program downloads on their websites. The difference between podcasts and downloads is discussed in the latest edition of Making Radio (ed Steve Ahern, Allen & Unwin, 2011). Melbourne community broadcaster 3RRR
3RRR
3RRR is a popular Australian community radio station, based in Melbourne. It is the largest per capita subscribed radio station in the world....

 3RRR has since begun podcasting as well. Many dmg Radio Australia
DMG Radio Australia
DMG Radio Australia operates commercial radio networks in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia. The company is 50% owned by United Kingdom company, Daily Mail and General Trust Group. Lachlan Murdoch's Illyria Pty Ltd bought 50% of the company in November 2009.DMG Radio Australia was formed...

 and Austereo
Austereo Radio Network
Austereo Radio Network formerly operated commercial radio networks in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia. On 6 April 2011, Southern Cross Media purchased a majority of the company and is in the process of unifying the Austereo networks with Southern Cross's regional brands...

 radio stations have embraced the podcasting concept as well. 104.1 Territory FM
104.1 Territory FM
104.1 Territory FM is a community radio station based in Darwin, Australia. Territory FM broadcasts a broad range of adult contemporary music from the Casuarina campus of Charles Darwin University...

 is a community station in Darwin
Darwin, Northern Territory
Darwin is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin has a population of 127,500, making it by far the largest and most populated city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, but the least populous of all Australia's capital cities...

 that podcasts a variety of segments from its talk shows.

Belgium

April 2005: The commercial radio station Nostalgie has been the first one who podcasts some of their programs (more than 10 feeds), including their news bulletin and "400 secondes" political interviews.
The VRT
Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep
The Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie , or VRT, is a publicly-funded broadcaster of radio and television in Flanders ....

 has started experiments and offers four programs via podcasting.
The French-speaking public radios belonging to the RTBF
RTBF
Radio Télévision Belge Francophone is the public broadcasting organization of the French Community of Belgium, the southern, French-speaking part of Belgium...

 started a full-scale podcasting offer on April 22, 2006. Broadcasting started in the summer of 2005 on the youth-oriented Pure FM radio.

Canada

CBC Radio
CBC Radio
CBC Radio generally refers to the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which are outlined below.-English:CBC Radio operates three English language...

 began experimenting with three podcasts (CBC Podcasts). Since then, the concept was considerably expanded to cover many of the corporation's radio programming, including ones covering each of the province's regional programming.

In the summer of 2005, when the CBC locked out more than 5000 of its regular on-air and technical staff, they responded by creating their own unofficial podcast of original programming, CBC Unplugged, which also appeared on some campus and community radio stations. That podcast competed with limited on-air CBC programming, broadcast by a skeleton crew of managers—which, unlike the staff podcast, consisted mostly of repeats and rebroadcasts from the BBC and other networks, with a minimum of new material.

Corus Entertainment
Corus Entertainment
Corus Entertainment Inc. is a publicly traded Canadian media and entertainment conglomerate.Corus is a leading Canadian specialty television and radio producer, with additional assets in pay television, advertising services, television broadcasting, children's book publishing and children's...

 radio stations across Canada are also providing podcasts for specialty shows.

CIUT 89.5FM in Toronto podcasts an environmental news program, The Green Majority, on a weekly basis.

Q104 Morning Crew - Based out of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Get the cast here

Chile

Radio Zero started podcasting in June 2005, becoming the first radio station in Chile that provided this kind of digital services. As from September 2005, Radio Duna started its podcasts; nowadays, five of its programs are available.

Denmark

Danmarks Radio
Danmarks Radio
DR – officially rendered into English as the Danish Broadcasting Corporation – is Denmark's national broadcasting corporation. Founded in 1925 as a public-service organization, it is today Denmark's oldest and largest electronic media enterprise...

, the national broadcaster has started podcasting, find the posts here.

France


Germany

In Germany, Deutsche Welle
Deutsche Welle
Deutsche Welle or DW, is Germany's international broadcaster. The service is aimed at the overseas market. It broadcasts news and information on shortwave, Internet and satellite radio on 98.7 DZFE in 30 languages . It has a satellite television service , that is available in four languages, and...

 was the first main broadcaster that started to publish audiovisual content via podcast in 2004. Beside that, there is a 24h livestream of the entire TV-program.

Ireland

RTÉ provide a small number of shows as podcasts. Currently
October 2006
October 2006 was a month that began on a Sunday.The month was marked by a nuclear test by North Korea that prompted that passing of Resolution 1718 by the United Nations Security Council....

 there are a few RTÉ Radio 1
RTÉ Radio 1
RTÉ Radio 1 is the principal radio channel of Irish public-service broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann and is the direct descendant of Dublin radio station 2RN, which began broadcasting on a regular basis on 1 January 1926...

 shows but only one show each for their RTÉ 2fm
RTÉ 2fm
RTÉ 2fm, or 2FM as it is more commonly referred to, is Raidió Teilifís Éireann's second national radio station. It broadcasts popular music programming aimed at a young Irish audience.- History :...

, RTÉ lyric fm
RTÉ lyric fm
RTÉ lyric fm is an Irish classical music radio station, owned by the public-service broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann. The station, which is based in Limerick, was launched in 1999 and is available on FM in Ireland, on satellite, on Sky Digital in Ireland and United Kingdom and via the...

 and RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta
RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta
RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta , abbreviated RnaG, is the Irish-language radio service of the public-service broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann. The station is available on FM in Ireland and via satellite and on the Internet.- History :...

 stations. Available here

Italy

Repubblica Radio, a radio founded by Repubblica
Repubblica
Repubblica may refer to:*La Repubblica, an Italian newspaper*Republica, a misspelling of an English rock band*Repubblica , fictional country from the comedy The Fast Show, where Chanel 9 television channel is situated...

 (Italy's second most important newspaper), is available either as a stream or as a podcast.

On October 31, 2007 Studio Universal, a television channel of the Universal Studios Networks, broadcasts podcast series The Sleep of Reason, produced by Giovanni Pedde, before it is officially launched as a podcast.

New Zealand

The Public Broadcaster Radio New Zealand
Radio New Zealand
Radio New Zealand is a New Zealand public service radio broadcaster and Crown entity formed by the Radio New Zealand Act 1995. It operates news, current affairs and arts network Radio New Zealand National and classical music and jazz network Radio New Zealand Concert with full government funding...

 began a podcast trial in February 2006 with just two programmes, and by August 2006 had extended this to cover most of its major programmes. The podcasts are now a permanent fixture on the RNZ website

Norway

The national broadcaster NRK podcasts many of their programs http://nrk.no/podkast/. All are stripped for music for rights compliance, except for a program featuring unsigned Norwegian bands under the label Untouched Music.

Poland

The public radio Polskie Radio Szczecin has started publishing podcast of computer magazine Trącić myszką on 17 August 2005.

Spain

Private radio station Cadena Ser is podcasting many programs.

United Kingdom

The BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...

 began a podcast trial in October 2004 with BBC Radio Five Live
BBC Radio Five Live
BBC Radio 5 Live is the BBC's national radio service that specialises in live BBC News, phone-ins, and sports commentaries...

's Fighting Talk
Fighting Talk
Fighting Talk is a topical sports show broadcast on BBC Radio 5 Live during the English football season. Its first series aired in October 2003, and was presented by Johnny Vaughan. The second series featured Christian O'Connell. It is currently hosted by Colin Murray and is aired on Saturday...

, extending it in January 2005 to BBC Radio 4
BBC Radio 4
BBC Radio 4 is a British domestic radio station, operated and owned by the BBC, that broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes, including news, drama, comedy, science and history. It replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967. The station controller is currently Gwyneth Williams, and the...

's In Our Time
In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)
In Our Time is a live BBC radio discussion series exploring the history of ideas, presented by Melvyn Bragg since 15 October 1998.. It is one of BBC radio's most successful discussion programmes, acknowledged to have "transformed the landscape for serious ideas at peak listening time"...

and in April 2005 to several more programmes from 1Xtra, BBC World Service
BBC World Service
The BBC World Service is the world's largest international broadcaster, broadcasting in 27 languages to many parts of the world via analogue and digital shortwave, internet streaming and podcasting, satellite, FM and MW relays...

, BBC Radio nan Gaidheal
BBC Radio nan Gàidheal
BBC Radio nan Gàidheal is a British radio station, broadcasting in Scottish Gaelic. It is operated by the BBC as part of its portfolio of television and radio services broadcasting to Scotland....

, Radio Northampton, 6 Music and BBC 7
BBC 7
BBC Radio 4 Extra, formerly known as BBC 7 and BBC Radio 7, is a British digital radio station broadcasting comedy, drama, and children's programming nationally 24 hours a day. It is the principal broadcasting outlet for the BBC's archive of spoken-word entertainment...

, Radio Brighton http://www.brightoncalling.com and programs available exclusively on podcast like the Ouch! Podcast.

Virgin Radio
Virgin Radio
Absolute Radio is one of the UK's three Independent National Radio stations. The station rebranded to its current name at 7.45am on 29 September 2008.The station is based in London and plays popular rock music...

 (now Absolute Radio) launched a download and podcasting trial in 2005, claiming it was the first station to produce daily podcasts. They make various programmes available via podcast, all of which are available within iTunes.

London's LBC
LBC
LBC Radio operates two London-based radio stations, with news and talk formats. LBC was Britain's first legal commercial Independent Local Radio station, providing a service of news and information to London. It began broadcasting on 8 October 1973, a week ahead of Capital Radio...

 posts daily highlight podcasts of the Nick Ferrari breakfast show, the Steve Allen early breakfast show, the Iain Lee
Iain Lee
Iain Lee is a British comedian, and a television and radio presenter. His career began when he performed stand-up comedy gigs across venues in London. He subsequently became co-presenter of the comedy current affairs show The 11 O'Clock Show on Channel 4 and RI:SE...

 Drivetime Show (no longer being produced) and the Anna Raeburn
Anna Raeburn
Anna Raeburn is a British broadcaster and journalist who is famous for her role as an 'agony aunt' giving advice on life relationship and more general life problems. She is principally known for her work on Capital Radio in London....

 lunchtime show. In January 2006, LBC became the first radio station in the world to introduce a premium service http://milk.shake.org/~coffeelover/archives/2006/01/paid_podcasting.html where subscribers pay for access to extra podcast channels. This included full length shows, extra premium-only shows, and an online Podcast Player, similar to the BBC's Listen Again radio player.

Early adopters

On September 15, 2004, Rob and Dana Greenlee began podcasting their nationally syndicated show, Web Talk Radio, which was already carried by 11 radio stations as well being distributed by webcast and download. Web Talk Radio had been offering mp3 downloads from its website for many earlier years, but was the first traditional terrestrial broadcast radio show in the world to start podcasting its whole on-air program. http://216.145.9.13/wp/index.php/2004/09/15// On October 4, 2004, Leo Laporte began re-broadcasting his KFI Los Angeles radio show as a podcast feed.
WGBH
WGBH (FM)
WGBH is a public radio station located in Boston, Massachusetts. WGBH is a member station of NPR and PRI. The license-holder is the WGBH Educational Foundation, which also owns WGBH-TV and WGBX-TV....

 in Boston began podcasting Tony Kahn's "Morning Stories" on October 7, 2004.

KOMO News in Seattle launched a station feed on October 8, 2004 (announcement).

National and local public radio programs were early adopters of podcasting, in part because their talk radio formats did not have the complications of music licensing. Three well known public radio stations (Boston's WGBH
WGBH (FM)
WGBH is a public radio station located in Boston, Massachusetts. WGBH is a member station of NPR and PRI. The license-holder is the WGBH Educational Foundation, which also owns WGBH-TV and WGBX-TV....

, New York's WNYC
WNYC
WNYC is a set of call letters shared by a pair of co-owned, non-profit, public radio stations located in New York City.WNYC broadcasts on the AM band at 820 kHz, and WNYC-FM is at 93.9 MHz. Both stations are members of National Public Radio and carry distinct, but similar news/talk programs...

, and Los Angeles' KCRW
KCRW
KCRW is a public radio station broadcasting from the campus of Santa Monica College in Santa Monica, California, carrying a mix of National Public Radio news, talk radio and freeform music format. The general manager of KCRW is Jennifer Ferro...

) developed podcasts of their syndicated and local programs, including WNYC's On the Media. NPR and PRI also were among the first to enter into the arena with Science Friday (part of NPR's Talk of the Nation radio program) and PRI's Technology Podcast from PRI's The World (radio program)
The World (radio program)
PRI's The World is a global news radio, audio and multi-platform program created by Public Radio International based on the program's congruence with PRI's mission, and in order to fulfill the critical need for more original global news created for and provided to Americans. This was partly a...

, respectively. A podcast of the "Off The Hook" program, affiliated with 2600: The Hacker Quarterly
2600: The Hacker Quarterly
2600: The Hacker Quarterly is an American publication that specializes in publishing technical information on a variety of subjects including telephone switching systems, Internet protocols and services, as well as general news concerning the computer "underground" and left wing, and sometimes ,...

, was podcast by New York City's WBAI
WBAI
WBAI, a part of the Pacifica Radio Network, is a non-commercial, listener-supported radio station, broadcasting at 99.5 FM in New York City.Its programming is leftist/progressive, and a mixture of political news and opinion from a leftist perspective, tinged with aspects of its complex and varied...

 starting in December, 2004.

CNN Radio is now podcasting a variety of programmes covering news and business updates along with special programming featuring in-depth coverage on a variety of topics and current events.

Many American college radio stations were early podcasters as well, such as Lafayette College
Lafayette College
Lafayette College is a private coeducational liberal arts and engineering college located in Easton, Pennsylvania, USA. The school, founded in 1826 by James Madison Porter,son of General Andrew Porter of Norristown and citizens of Easton, first began holding classes in 1832...

's WJRH.

Commercial radio, especially "talk radio" programs, also found their material suited to podcasting, including Rush Limbaugh
Rush Limbaugh
Rush Hudson Limbaugh III is an American radio talk show host, conservative political commentator, and an opinion leader in American conservatism. He hosts The Rush Limbaugh Show which is aired throughout the U.S. on Premiere Radio Networks and is the highest-rated talk-radio program in the United...

, who made a podcast part of his Rush 24/7 paid subscription program in June 2005. The commercialization move was summarized by Wired News that month in "Radio Sets Eyes on Podcast Profits."

Television network interest included the American Broadcasting Company
American Broadcasting Company
The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948...

's ABC News
ABC News
ABC News is the news gathering and broadcasting division of American broadcast television network ABC, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company...

 Nightline program. By the end of 2005, the network offered more than 50 podcastshttp://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Podcasting/ of audio from news and entertainment programs, including "Exclusiva" programs in Spanish.

Other traditional radio stations and programs moving to podcasting are WFMU
WFMU
WFMU is a listener-supported, independent community radio station headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States, broadcasting at 91.1 MHz FM, presenting a freeform radio format...

 and Inside Mac Radio.

In July 2006, Pittsburgh talk show
Talk show
A talk show or chat show is a television program or radio program where one person discuss various topics put forth by a talk show host....

 hosts such as Ron Morris of The American Entrepreneur began simulcasting shows and taking calls via the new TalkShoe
TalkShoe
TalkShoe is a Web 2.0 Internet radio/podcasting site that uses a Java chat client in conjunction with a conference call bridge to allow users to host or participate in live on-line talk radio shows called "community calls" or simply a "call" for short. A call can be syndicated and downloaded after...

 Internet podcasting service. In November 2006, Leo Laporte and Amber MacArthur began hosting their Net@Nite podcast on TalkShoe.

As of 2006, American shock jocks Lex and Terry
Lex and Terry
Lex and Terry is a syndicated morning radio hosted by Lex Staley and Terry Jaymes. Currently based in Dallas, Texas, the show is distributed by United Stations Radio Networks. It is heard during weekday mornings on 30 radio stations in the U.S. and on XM 165....

 began offering their program in podcast form immediately following the initial broadcast.

Podcasts feeding radio

In May, 2005, the radio-to-podcast trend began to go the other way, with podcasts becoming a source of content for radio broadcasts:
  • In San Francisco, a poorly performing Infinity Broadcasting-owned radio station, KYOURadio (KYCY-AM 1550), began broadcasting podcasts made by listeners.
  • Adam Curry
    Adam Curry
    Adam Clark Curry is a broadcasting and Internet personality well known for his stint from 1987 to 1994 as a video jockey on the music video channel MTV. In the mid-1990s, Curry was a World Wide Web entrepreneur and one of the first celebrities to personally create and administer a Web site...

     started a program on Sirius Satellite Radio
    Sirius Satellite Radio
    Sirius Satellite Radio is a satellite radio service operating in North America, owned by Sirius XM Radio.Headquartered in New York City, with smaller studios in Los Angeles and Memphis, Sirius was officially launched on July 1, 2002 and currently provides 69 streams of music and 65 streams of...

     discussing and airing podcasts.
  • Christopher Lydon
    Christopher Lydon
    Christopher Lydon is an American media personality and author. He is best known for being the original host of The Connection, produced by WBUR and syndicated to other NPR stations.-Background:...

    , who began audioblogging after losing his syndicated NPR
    NPR
    NPR, formerly National Public Radio, is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting...

     program, returned to public radio with a phone-in interview program called "Open Source" http://radioopensource.org/, which promised to involve bloggers and podcasters. It went on the air May 30 through WUML and WGBH in Massachusetts and three Public Radio International
    Public Radio International
    Public Radio International is a Minneapolis-based American public radio organization, with locations in Boston, New York, London and Beijing. PRI's tagline is "Hear a different voice." PRI is a major public media content creator and also distributes programs from many sources...

    affiliates. In 2003, Lydon's audioblog syndication feed had been a catalyst in the spread of interest in the technology among bloggers and software developers. On October 16, 2006, in an article entitled UML drops Lydon, a Massachusetts based newspaper known as the Lowell Sun announced that "Radio personality Christopher Lydon's lucrative and controversial contract with UMass Lowell to broadcast an hourlong radio show will not be renewed when it expires in December" - effectively closing "Open Source" at that time.
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