Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
Encyclopedia
Phosphoric monoester hydrolases (or phosphomonoesterases) are enzyme
s that catalyse the hydrolysis of O-P bonds by nucleophillic
attack of phosphorus
by cysteine
residues or coordinated metal ions.
They are categorized with the EC number
3.1.3.
Examples include:
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
s that catalyse the hydrolysis of O-P bonds by nucleophillic
Nucleophilic substitution
In organic and inorganic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a fundamental class of reactions in which an electron nucleophile selectively bonds with or attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms called the leaving group; the positive or partially positive...
attack of phosphorus
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks...
by cysteine
Cysteine
Cysteine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2SH. It is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it is biosynthesized in humans. Its codons are UGU and UGC. The side chain on cysteine is thiol, which is polar and thus cysteine is usually classified as a hydrophilic amino acid...
residues or coordinated metal ions.
They are categorized with the EC number
EC number
The Enzyme Commission number is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze....
3.1.3.
Examples include:
- acid phosphataseAcid phosphataseAcid phosphatase is a phosphatase, a type of enzyme, used to free attached phosphate groups from other molecules during digestion. It is basically a phosphomonoesterase...
- alkaline phosphataseAlkaline phosphataseAlkaline phosphatase is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. The process of removing the phosphate group is called dephosphorylation...
- fructose-bisphosphatase
- glucose-6-phosphatase
- phosphofructokinase-2
- phosphoprotein phosphatasePhosphoprotein phosphatasePhosphoprotein phosphatase is an enzyme that dephosphorylates certain phosphorylated proteins.In some contexts, "Phosphoprotein phosphatase" is equated with serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase, and classified under ....
- calcineurinCalcineurinCalcineurin is a protein phosphatase also known as protein phosphatase 3, PPP3CA, and calcium-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase, and formerly known as protein phosphatase 2B . It activates the T cells of the immune system and can be blocked by drugs...
- 6-phytase