Persulfate
Encyclopedia
The term persulfate refers to ions or compounds with more oxygen than normal sulfate
s.
These do not have sulfur in a different oxidation state
; rather, they contain peroxide
units, where two oxygens take the place of one in a normal sulfate; the oxygen atoms are in oxidation state −1.
The main forms are peroxomonosulfates and peroxodisulfates.
Sulfate
In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid.-Chemical properties:...
s.
These do not have sulfur in a different oxidation state
Oxidation state
In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Oxidation states are typically represented by...
; rather, they contain peroxide
Peroxide
A peroxide is a compound containing an oxygen–oxygen single bond or the peroxide anion .The O−O group is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. In contrast to oxide ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation state of −1.The simplest stable peroxide is hydrogen peroxide...
units, where two oxygens take the place of one in a normal sulfate; the oxygen atoms are in oxidation state −1.
The main forms are peroxomonosulfates and peroxodisulfates.
Ions
- PeroxomonosulfatePeroxomonosulfateThe peroxomonosulfate ion, SO52−, is a sulfur oxoanion. It is sometimes referred to as the persulfate ion, but this term also refers to the peroxodisulfate ion, S2O82−....
(or Peroxymonosulfate) ion, SO52− - PeroxodisulfatePeroxodisulfateThe peroxodisulfate ion, S2O82−, is a sulfur oxoanion. It is commonly referred to as the persulfate ion, but this term also refers to the peroxomonosulfate ion, SO52−.-Compounds containing peroxodisulfate:* Na2S2O8* K2S2O8* 2S2O8...
(or Peroxydisulfate) ion, S2O82−
Acids
- Peroxymonosulfuric acidPeroxymonosulfuric acidPeroxymonosulfuric acid, also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid, or as Caro's acid, is H2SO5, a liquid at room temperature. In this acid, the S center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula HO-O-S2-OH...
(Caro's Acid), H2SO5 - Peroxydisulfuric acidPeroxydisulfuric acidPeroxydisulfuric acid is a sulfur oxoacid with the chemical formula H2S2O8. It is also called Marshall's acid. In structural terms it can be written HO3SOOSO3H. It contains sulfur in its +6 oxidation state, but it also contains peroxide ions, which is why it appears to be in a higher oxidation...
, H2S2O8
Example salts
- Sodium peroxomonosulfate, Na2SO5
- Potassium peroxymonosulfatePotassium peroxymonosulfatePotassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent...
, KHSO5 - Sodium peroxodisulfateSodium persulfateSodium persulfate is a chemical compound. It is a strong oxidizer. It is a severe irritant of skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has particularly good ability to be stored for long time. It is easy and safe to handle...
, Na2S2O8 - Ammonium persulfateAmmonium persulfateAmmonium persulfate 2S2O8 is a strong oxidizing agent. It is very soluble in water; the dissolution of the salt in water is endothermic. It is a radical initiator. It is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution...
(ammonium peroxydisulfate), (NH4)2S2O8