Pellendones
Encyclopedia
The Pellendones were an ancient people
living on the Iberian Peninsula
. Since the early 4th century BC
they inhabited the region of the source of the river Duero in what today is north-central Spain
. The area comprises the north of Soria
, the southeast of Burgos
and the southwest of La Rioja
provinces.
and Celtic origin, the Pellendones migrated to the Iberian Peninsula
around the 4th Century BC and it is believed that they were related to the Belendi of the Ariege
valley in Gaul
. They spoke a 'Q-Celtic' Language.
in the grazing lowlands of the Ebro
valley, they had their capital at Visontium (Vinuesa
– Soria
), and are credited as being the original founders of Numantia
(Muela de Garray – Soria
) and Savia (Soria
?). They also controlled the towns of Aregrada (Ágreda
? – Sória; Celtiberian mints: Areicoraticos/Arecorataz), Arenetum (Arnedo
, near Inestrillas – La Rioja
), Quelia/Quelium (Quel
, near Arnedo
– La Rioja
; Celtiberian mint: Cueliocos) and Contrebia Leukade (Aguillar del Rio Alhama – La Rioja
). To these was added the Roman colony of Augustobriga (Muro de Ágreda), founded in the late 1st Century BC; though the location of the towns Lutia (Cantalucia?), Olibia and Varia remains either incertain or unknown.
– to whom they were a dependant tribe – and Vettones
, they threw off the Arevaci
yoke with Roman
help in the late 2nd century BC.
People
People is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:* as the plural of person or a group of people People is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:*...
living on the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
. Since the early 4th century BC
Anno Domini
and Before Christ are designations used to label or number years used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars....
they inhabited the region of the source of the river Duero in what today is north-central Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. The area comprises the north of Soria
Soria
Soria is a city in north-central Spain, the capital of the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and León. , the municipality has a population of c. 39,500 inhabitants, nearly 40% of the population of the province...
, the southeast of Burgos
Burgos
Burgos is a city of northern Spain, historic capital of Castile. It is situated at the edge of the central plateau, with about 178,966 inhabitants in the city proper and another 20,000 in its suburbs. It is the capital of the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León...
and the southwest of La Rioja
La Rioja (Spain)
La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province of northern Spain. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.-History:...
provinces.
Origins
Seemingly of mixed IllyrianIllyrians
The Illyrians were a group of tribes who inhabited part of the western Balkans in antiquity and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula...
and Celtic origin, the Pellendones migrated to the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
around the 4th Century BC and it is believed that they were related to the Belendi of the Ariege
Ariège
Ariège is a department in southwestern France named after the Ariège River.- History :Ariège is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from the counties of Foix and Couserans....
valley in Gaul
Gaul
Gaul was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age and Roman era, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg and Belgium, most of Switzerland, the western part of Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the left bank of the Rhine. The Gauls were the speakers of...
. They spoke a 'Q-Celtic' Language.
Culture
A predominantely stock-raising people that practiced transhumanceTranshumance
Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and to lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Only the herds travel, with...
in the grazing lowlands of the Ebro
Ebro
The Ebro or Ebre is one of the most important rivers in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the biggest river by discharge volume in Spain.The Ebro flows through the following cities:*Reinosa in Cantabria.*Miranda de Ebro in Castile and León....
valley, they had their capital at Visontium (Vinuesa
Vinuesa
Vinuesa is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 1,031 inhabitants....
– Soria
Soria
Soria is a city in north-central Spain, the capital of the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and León. , the municipality has a population of c. 39,500 inhabitants, nearly 40% of the population of the province...
), and are credited as being the original founders of Numantia
Numantia
Numantia is the name of an ancient Celtiberian settlement, whose remains are located 7 km north of the city of Soria, on a hill known as Cerro de la Muela in the municipality of Garray....
(Muela de Garray – Soria
Soria
Soria is a city in north-central Spain, the capital of the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and León. , the municipality has a population of c. 39,500 inhabitants, nearly 40% of the population of the province...
) and Savia (Soria
Soria
Soria is a city in north-central Spain, the capital of the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and León. , the municipality has a population of c. 39,500 inhabitants, nearly 40% of the population of the province...
?). They also controlled the towns of Aregrada (Ágreda
Ágreda
Ágreda is a town located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain.Ágreda is the regional services center in the Northeast of the province of Soria. Its abundant heritage as well as the local fiestas of the Virgin, and the Archangel Michael attract a large number of tourists.-History:In the...
? – Sória; Celtiberian mints: Areicoraticos/Arecorataz), Arenetum (Arnedo
Arnedo
Arnedo is the third largest town in La Rioja, Spain. It is located near Calahorra, and has a population of about 14,500 people.Its economy is based on the shoe industry.-History:The area of Arnedo has been inhabited as early as the Neolithic Age...
, near Inestrillas – La Rioja
La Rioja (Spain)
La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province of northern Spain. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.-History:...
), Quelia/Quelium (Quel
Quel
Quel may refer to:* QUEL query languages, a relational database access language* Quel, La Rioja, a municipality in La Rioja, Spain...
, near Arnedo
Arnedo
Arnedo is the third largest town in La Rioja, Spain. It is located near Calahorra, and has a population of about 14,500 people.Its economy is based on the shoe industry.-History:The area of Arnedo has been inhabited as early as the Neolithic Age...
– La Rioja
La Rioja (Spain)
La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province of northern Spain. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.-History:...
; Celtiberian mint: Cueliocos) and Contrebia Leukade (Aguillar del Rio Alhama – La Rioja
La Rioja (Spain)
La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province of northern Spain. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.-History:...
). To these was added the Roman colony of Augustobriga (Muro de Ágreda), founded in the late 1st Century BC; though the location of the towns Lutia (Cantalucia?), Olibia and Varia remains either incertain or unknown.
History
Closely related with both the ArevaciArevaci
The Arevaci or ‘Aravaci’ , were a pre-Roman Celtic people who settled in the Meseta Central of northern Hispania and which dominated most of Celtiberia from the 4th to late 2nd centuries BC...
– to whom they were a dependant tribe – and Vettones
Vettones
The Vettones were one of the pre-Roman Celtic peoples of the Iberian Peninsula .- Origins :...
, they threw off the Arevaci
Arevaci
The Arevaci or ‘Aravaci’ , were a pre-Roman Celtic people who settled in the Meseta Central of northern Hispania and which dominated most of Celtiberia from the 4th to late 2nd centuries BC...
yoke with Roman
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
help in the late 2nd century BC.