Pavel Mishchenko
Encyclopedia
Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko was a career military officer and statesman in the Russian Empire
.
in Dagestan
. He graduated in 1871 from Pavlovsk Military School
as an officer in the artillery, and was assigned to the 38th Artillery Brigade. He participated in the Russian conquest of Khiva
in 1873.
He subsequently participated in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) and the conquest of Turkmenistan
under General Mikhail Skobelev
. From 1899, Mischchenko was assigned to Russian-occupied Manchuria
as assistant chief of security for the East Chinese Railway. He fought during the Boxer Rebellion
, and afterwards was promoted to major general and decorated with the Order of St. George
(4th degree).
From 1903, Mischchenko was commander of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Brigade
. During the Russo-Japanese War
of 1904-1905 he commanded a separate East-Baikal Cossack Brigade, which was active in many of the battles of that war, including the Battle of Shaho
, Battle of Hsimucheng
, and Battle of Liaoyang
. He was wounded in the leg during the Battle of Sandepu
and thus was not in the Battle of Mukden
.
After the war, from May 2, 1908 to Maych 17, 1909, Mischchenko was commander of the Turkestan Military District
and Governor-General of Turkestan. He also was chieftan of the Semirechye Cossack Host. He was promoted to General of Artillery in 1910, and from 1911 to 1912 was acting ataman
of the Don Cossacks
. With the start of World War I
, Mischchenko was appointed commander of the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps, and from 1915, the Russian 31st Army Corps on the Southwestern Front
.
However, after the February Revolution
, he was dismissed from his posts by the new Russian Provisional Government
and asked to retire from military service. He returned to his hometown of Temir-Khan-Shura, where he continued to wear his uniform and insignia. After the October Revolution
, he was mudered by the Bolshevik
s at his home.
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
Biography
Mishchenko was born in 1853 in the Russian fortress settlement called Temir-Khan-ShuraBuynaksk
Buynaksk is a town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River, southwest of the republic's capital Makhachkala. Population: 40,000 ....
in Dagestan
Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
. He graduated in 1871 from Pavlovsk Military School
Pavel Military School
Pavel Military School is a military school in St. Petersburg, Russia, established in 1863 on the basis of the Pavel Cadet Corps. It was closed in November 1917 after the October Revolution.It was named after emperor Pavel I of Russia...
as an officer in the artillery, and was assigned to the 38th Artillery Brigade. He participated in the Russian conquest of Khiva
Russian Turkestan
Russian Turkestan was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire , comprising the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh steppes, but not the protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva.-History:-Establishment:Although Russia had been pushing south into the...
in 1873.
He subsequently participated in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) and the conquest of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
under General Mikhail Skobelev
Mikhail Skobelev
Mikhail Dmitrievich Skobelev was a Russian general famous for his conquest of Central Asia and heroism during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. Dressed in white uniform and mounted on a white horse, and always in the thickest of the fray, he was known and adored by his soldiers as the "White...
. From 1899, Mischchenko was assigned to Russian-occupied Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
as assistant chief of security for the East Chinese Railway. He fought during the Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also called the Boxer Uprising by some historians or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" , or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" , in China between...
, and afterwards was promoted to major general and decorated with the Order of St. George
Order of St. George
The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George (also known as Order of St. George the Triumphant, Russian: Военный орден Св...
(4th degree).
From 1903, Mischchenko was commander of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Brigade
Baikal Cossacks
Baikal Cossacks were Cossacks of the Transbaikal Cossack Host , a Cossack host formed in 1851 in the areas beyond Lake Baikal ....
. During the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was "the first great war of the 20th century." It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea...
of 1904-1905 he commanded a separate East-Baikal Cossack Brigade, which was active in many of the battles of that war, including the Battle of Shaho
Battle of Shaho
The Battle of Shaho was a land battle of the Russo-Japanese War fought along a front centered at the Sha River on the Mukden–Port Arthur spur of the China Far East Railway just north of Liaoyang, Manchuria.-Background:...
, Battle of Hsimucheng
Battle of Hsimucheng
The Battle of Hsimucheng was a minor land engagement of the Russo-Japanese War. fought on 31 July 1904 near Hsimucheng, a hamlet about 20 kilometers [13 miles] southeast of the strategic junction town of Haicheng, on the main road connecting Haicheng with the coast.- Background :On the Japanese...
, and Battle of Liaoyang
Battle of Liaoyang
The Battle of Liaoyang was one of the major land battles of the Russo-Japanese War....
. He was wounded in the leg during the Battle of Sandepu
Battle of Sandepu
The Battle of Sandepu, was a major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War. It was fought within a group of villages about 36 miles southwest of Mukden, Manchuria.-Background:...
and thus was not in the Battle of Mukden
Battle of Mukden
One of the largest land battles to be fought before World War I, the , the last major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden in Manchuria...
.
After the war, from May 2, 1908 to Maych 17, 1909, Mischchenko was commander of the Turkestan Military District
Turkestan Military District
The Turkestan Military District was a military district of both the Imperial Russian Army and the Soviet Armed Forces, with its headquarters at Tashkent. The District was first created during the 1874 Russian military reform when by order of Minister D.A. Milyutinym the territory of Russia was...
and Governor-General of Turkestan. He also was chieftan of the Semirechye Cossack Host. He was promoted to General of Artillery in 1910, and from 1911 to 1912 was acting ataman
Ataman
Ataman was a commander title of the Ukrainian People's Army, Cossack, and haidamak leaders, who were in essence the Cossacks...
of the Don Cossacks
Don Cossacks
Don Cossacks were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don.- Etymology and origins :The Don Cossack Host was a frontier military organization from the end of the 16th until the early 20th century....
. With the start of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, Mischchenko was appointed commander of the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps, and from 1915, the Russian 31st Army Corps on the Southwestern Front
Southwestern Front
Southwestern front may refer to one of the following.*A Southwestern front, a particular geographical area where armies are engaged in conflict* The Soviet Southwestern Front, one of the Soviet Fronts in World War Two...
.
However, after the February Revolution
February Revolution
The February Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. Centered around the then capital Petrograd in March . Its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty, and the end of the Russian Empire...
, he was dismissed from his posts by the new Russian Provisional Government
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government was the short-lived administrative body which sought to govern Russia immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II . On September 14, the State Duma of the Russian Empire was officially dissolved by the newly created Directorate, and the country was...
and asked to retire from military service. He returned to his hometown of Temir-Khan-Shura, where he continued to wear his uniform and insignia. After the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
, he was mudered by the Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
s at his home.
Honors
- Order of St. Anne
Order of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
3rd degree with sword and bow, 1873 - Order of St Vladimir, 4th degree with sword and bow, 1881
- Order of St. GeorgeOrder of St. GeorgeThe Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George (also known as Order of St. George the Triumphant, Russian: Военный орден Св...
, 4th class, 1901 - Order of St Vladimir, 3rd degree, 1901
- Golden Sword of St. GeorgeGold Sword for BraveryThe Gold Sword for Bravery was a Russian Empire award for bravery. It was set up with two grades on 27 July 1720 by Peter the Great, reclassified as a public order in 1807 and abolished in 1917. From 1913 to 1917 it was renamed the St George Sword and considered as one of the grades of the Order...
, 1905 - Order of St. AnneOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
1st degree with sword and bow, 1914 - , Order of St. Alexander NevskyOrder of St. Alexander NevskyThe Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was an order of chivalry of the Russian Empire.-History:The introduction of the Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was planned by Emperor Peter I of Russia...
, with swords, 1914