Patrick Marshall
Encyclopedia
Dr. Patrick Marshall was a geologist
who lived in New Zealand. For over forty years he was an outstanding figure among New Zealand scientists, and was well known to geologists in many lands as a very versatile and productive investigator. His research was also devoted to zoology. He first used the term "andesite line
" in 1912.
, Suffolk, who, chiefly for reasons of health, brought his family to New Zealand in 1876, and settled at Kaiteriteri
in the Nelson District. However, Reverend John Hannath Marshall died in 1878, and his widow and family went back to England, where Patrick Marshall entered school in Bury St. Edmunds
.
In 1881 his family returned to New Zealand and resided at Wanganui
. Patrick Marshall completed his secondary education in the Wanganui Collegiate School
. He entered Canterbury University College in 1889. In 1892 he was awarded B.A. and B.Sc. degrees with a Senior Scholarship in Geology, which he had studied under Professor Frederick Wollaston Hutton
, F.R.S.
In 1893 Marshall completed, with high honours, the M.A. course in Geology, working at the University of Otago
under Professor George Henry Frederick Ulrich. He completed his first piece of research, a study of the "Tridymite
-Trachyte
of Lyttelton
", which was published in 1894.
. Marshall and Hutton were the New Zealand pioneers in the study of Diptera
. Marshall took up the study of two very difficult families of the Diptera, the Mycetophilidae
and the Cecidomyiidae
. He described sixty-one species, which are all still valid except for three names which were preoccupied in other parts of the world, and three synonyms of his own species. This is a remarkable record considering that Marshall worked in isolation, not having access to the literature or to any colleagues who specialised in these families.
Marshall's three papers on the Diptera were published in the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute for 1896 (Vol. 28) together with a fourth, a record of a migrant butterfly. His interests in biology were maintained after he took up geology as a profession, and he presented a paper on the "Effect of the Introduction of Exotic Plants and Animals into New Zealand" to the Fifth Pacific Science Congress in 1933. The paper was published in the Proceedings of this Congress.
In 1896, Marshall became Science Master at the Grammar School, Auckland, and resuming his interests in geological research. He studied the volcanic rock
s of that region, completing a thesis, the majority of which is still unpublished, for which he was granted the D.Sc. degree.
In 1901 he became Lecturer-in-charge of the Department of Geology in the University of Otago
and was elected Professor of Geology and Mineralogy there in 1908. He remained there for sixteen years, a period of great activity in many directions. His physical strength, which had been displayed by his successes on the football
and cricket
fields and on the tennis court, was now exercised in field geology and mountaineering
.
He was a successful teacher, active in University administration, both in the University of Otago and in the University of New Zealand
, of the Senate of which he was for some years a member. His list of publications during the period contains over fifty titles. They included a book on the Geography of New Zealand (1905, revised 1911), the Geology of New Zealand (1912), and the portions of the Handbuch der Regionalen Geologie dealing with New Zealand and the adjacent Islands, and with Oceania (1912). He was extremely active in research. His accounts of the Geology of the Dunedin District (1906) and "The Sequence of Lavas at North Head, Otago Harbour" (1914), which involved a great amount of field work, and petrographical
and chemical study, are among the most notable of his many papers. He also published many other papers on the igneous rocks and other features of New Zealand geology in both the South and North Islands. He studied the volcanic rocks of the south-western Pacific, and on this ground of mutual interest he entered into frequent correspondence and later personal association with Professor Antoine Lacroix
, and was in 1938 elected a Correspondent de l'Academie des Sciences Coloniales.
His was an active member of what is now the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, ad presented papers before it on the distribution of the igneous rocks in New Zealand (1907), Ocean Contours and Earth Movements in the South-West Pacific (1909), and his Presidential Address to the Geological Section on the structural boundaries of the south-western Pacific (1911) which were shown to be related to the line separating the regions wherein andesitic
lava
s occur from those wherein there are basic alkaline lavas. This concept was crystallised in his use of the term "andesite line
" for the structural boundary of the western half of the Pacific basin in his account of the Geology of Oceania (1912), a term which has come into very general use, though an alternative term, "the Marshall line" has also been used with the same significance. The many problems, geophysical, geological, and biological arising from a consideration of the natural history of the Pacific were often in Dr. Marshall's mind, and formed the subjects of his Presidential Address to the Geographical Section of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science in 1932, and that given by him as President of the whole Association in 1946.
The preparation of his books on the Geology of New Zealand must have brought very vividly before him the unsatisfactory and to some extent contradictory conceptions regarding the stratigraphy of New Zealand during the opening decade of this century, and he devoted much effort towards the study of the sedimentary succession and mollusca
n faunas of the Tertiary
and Cretaceous
rocks, on which he wrote a number of papers, several of them in collaboration with malacologist Robert C. Murdoch
. The most important of these papers was his elaborate study of the Cretaceous ammonite
s of New Zealand (1926), in part written by him while in the British Museum of Natural History. In this paper the Indo-Pacific affinities of the New Zealand forms are discussed. In connection with the Geological Survey
he wrote the portions of the Dun Mountain Bulletin (No. 12, published 1912) dealing with Mesozoic
stratigraphy
and igneous rocks, also the Tuapeka Bulletin (No. 19, published 1918).
Leaving the University of Otago in 1917, he became Headmaster of his old school, Wanganui College, and retiring from this after several years of service, he devoted himself for a time to geological research in the Pacific Islands and elsewhere, dealing with their petrology
and the features of coral reef
s.
In 1924 he was appointed Geologist and Petrologist to the Department of Public Works
, where in addition to his general consultative work, he carried out several major lines of research resulting in important publications, a study of special local interest on the building stones of New Zealand (1929) and two of more widespread theoretical importance. In his investigation of the Wearing of Beach Gravels and Beach Gravels and Sands (1928, 1929), carried out both in the field and experimentally, he considered the change in the size and form of the pebbles and the amount and nature of the fine-grained or even colloidal material produced during the processes of attrition, impact and grinding, and in so doing threw much light on the conditions of origin of littoral and off-shore sediments. He also made (1935) elaborate studies of the rocks of rhyolitic composition which are widespread in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand and were originally though to be flows and tuffs. He concluded that they were largely composed of particles which had been explosively erupted and had emitted incandescent gases until they had become on cooling agglutinated into coherent rock-masses often showing marked columnar jointing. This mode of origin is comparable with that of the material derived from nuées ardentes
(French for "burning cloud", synonymous with pyroclastic flow
) of Katmaian
eruptions. The occurrence of rocks of like origin is becoming recognised in regions around the Pacific, and the term "ignimbrite
" suggested for them by Marshall is tending to replace the term "welded tuffs" which was often assigned to them.
In later years Dr. Marshall was greatly interested in the occurrence of orbicular granite
s in New Zealand, and gave a number of excellent polished specimens of these to geological museums, but published little thereon. He was active in the study of zeolitic minerals, believed by him to be of primary origin, occurring in volcanic rocks, especially in more or less alkaline lavas, and spent much time investigating various methods of recognising the presence and determining the nature of such minerals by their diagnostic reactions with various solutions principally of silver nitrate
. His latest paper (1946), which gave a short account of such studies, was said to be the precursor of a more detailed study then in preparation, which unfortunately was never completed.
Dr. Marshall's activities in connection with the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science
, his presence at the meetings of the Pacific Science Congress in a number of lands, Japan, Java, and California as well as in Australia and New Zealand, and his presence at two European meetings of the International Geological Conference, as well as his many writings, made him well known to geologists in many parts of the world. His chief services to scientific societies were, however, given to the Royal Society of New Zealand
, of which he was President in 1925–6, and from which he received the Hector Memorial Medal. He was the first recipient of the Hector Memorial Medal
in 1915. He also received the Hutton Medal in 1917. As an active member of its Executive Committee for many years he exercised much influence on its policy.
In 1948 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of New Zealand nearly fifty years after he had received the degree by examination on the grounds of his first major research in Geology.
His interest in research was maintained to the last. In a letter to the writer sent in October, 1950, he referred to the interesting carbonate-bearing magnesian rocks near Milford Sound
, which he had described in 1904, regretting that he was unable to return to the field and laboratory investigations of their problematical origin. But he passed away early in November in the eighty-second year of his age.
Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes and history that has shaped it. Geologists usually engage in studying geology. Geologists, studying more of an applied science than a theoretical one, must approach Geology using...
who lived in New Zealand. For over forty years he was an outstanding figure among New Zealand scientists, and was well known to geologists in many lands as a very versatile and productive investigator. His research was also devoted to zoology. He first used the term "andesite line
Andesite Line
The andesite line is the most significant regional geologic distinction in the Pacific Ocean basin. It separates the mafic basaltic volcanic rocks of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of more felsic andesitic volcanic rock on its margins. The andesite line...
" in 1912.
Biography
Born in 1869, he was the son of the Reverend John Hannath Marshall, M.A., of SapistonSapiston
Sapiston is a small village in the county of Suffolk in England, UK located near the Suffolk-Norfolk border. It is in northern Suffolk lying on the river Blackbourn...
, Suffolk, who, chiefly for reasons of health, brought his family to New Zealand in 1876, and settled at Kaiteriteri
Kaiteriteri
Kaiteriteri is a town and seaside resort in the Tasman Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It is close to both Marahau, the main gateway to Abel Tasman National Park, and the township of Motueka.It is best known for its scenic beach.-External links:...
in the Nelson District. However, Reverend John Hannath Marshall died in 1878, and his widow and family went back to England, where Patrick Marshall entered school in Bury St. Edmunds
Bury St. Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds is a market town in the county of Suffolk, England, and formerly the county town of West Suffolk. It is the main town in the borough of St Edmundsbury and known for the ruined abbey near the town centre...
.
In 1881 his family returned to New Zealand and resided at Wanganui
Wanganui
Whanganui , also spelled Wanganui, is an urban area and district on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is part of the Manawatu-Wanganui region....
. Patrick Marshall completed his secondary education in the Wanganui Collegiate School
Wanganui Collegiate School
Wanganui Collegiate School is an independent, coeducational, day and boarding secondary school in Wanganui, New Zealand. The school is affiliated to the Anglican church.-About:...
. He entered Canterbury University College in 1889. In 1892 he was awarded B.A. and B.Sc. degrees with a Senior Scholarship in Geology, which he had studied under Professor Frederick Wollaston Hutton
Frederick Wollaston Hutton
Captain Frederick Wollaston Hutton, FRS, was an English scientist who applied the theory of natural selection to explain the origins and nature of the natural history of New Zealand.- Biography :...
, F.R.S.
In 1893 Marshall completed, with high honours, the M.A. course in Geology, working at the University of Otago
University of Otago
The University of Otago in Dunedin is New Zealand's oldest university with over 22,000 students enrolled during 2010.The university has New Zealand's highest average research quality and in New Zealand is second only to the University of Auckland in the number of A rated academic researchers it...
under Professor George Henry Frederick Ulrich. He completed his first piece of research, a study of the "Tridymite
Tridymite
Tridymite is a high-temperature polymorph of quartz and usually occurs as minute tabular white or colorless pseudo-hexagonal triclinic crystals, or scales, in cavities in acidic volcanic rocks. Its chemical formula is SiO2. Tridymite was first described in 1868 and the type location is in Hidalgo,...
-Trachyte
Trachyte
Trachyte is an igneous volcanic rock with an aphanitic to porphyritic texture. The mineral assemblage consists of essential alkali feldspar; relatively minor plagioclase and quartz or a feldspathoid such as nepheline may also be present....
of Lyttelton
Lyttelton, New Zealand
Lyttelton is a port town on the north shore of Lyttelton Harbour close to Banks Peninsula, a suburb of Christchurch on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand....
", which was published in 1894.
Research
Marshall was appointed Lecturer in Natural Science at Lincoln Agricultural College in 1893. His research efforts for a time were devoted chiefly to entomologyEntomology
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology...
. Marshall and Hutton were the New Zealand pioneers in the study of Diptera
Diptera
Diptera , or true flies, is the order of insects possessing only a single pair of wings on the mesothorax; the metathorax bears a pair of drumstick like structures called the halteres, the remnants of the hind wings. It is a large order, containing an estimated 240,000 species, although under half...
. Marshall took up the study of two very difficult families of the Diptera, the Mycetophilidae
Mycetophilidae
Mycetophilidae is a family of small flies, forming the bulk of those species known as fungus gnats. There are approximately 3000 described species in 150 genera but the true number of species is undoubtedly much higher...
and the Cecidomyiidae
Cecidomyiidae
Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls.These are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm in length and many are less than...
. He described sixty-one species, which are all still valid except for three names which were preoccupied in other parts of the world, and three synonyms of his own species. This is a remarkable record considering that Marshall worked in isolation, not having access to the literature or to any colleagues who specialised in these families.
Marshall's three papers on the Diptera were published in the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute for 1896 (Vol. 28) together with a fourth, a record of a migrant butterfly. His interests in biology were maintained after he took up geology as a profession, and he presented a paper on the "Effect of the Introduction of Exotic Plants and Animals into New Zealand" to the Fifth Pacific Science Congress in 1933. The paper was published in the Proceedings of this Congress.
In 1896, Marshall became Science Master at the Grammar School, Auckland, and resuming his interests in geological research. He studied the volcanic rock
Volcanic rock
Volcanic rock is a rock formed from magma erupted from a volcano. In other words, it is an igneous rock of volcanic origin...
s of that region, completing a thesis, the majority of which is still unpublished, for which he was granted the D.Sc. degree.
In 1901 he became Lecturer-in-charge of the Department of Geology in the University of Otago
University of Otago
The University of Otago in Dunedin is New Zealand's oldest university with over 22,000 students enrolled during 2010.The university has New Zealand's highest average research quality and in New Zealand is second only to the University of Auckland in the number of A rated academic researchers it...
and was elected Professor of Geology and Mineralogy there in 1908. He remained there for sixteen years, a period of great activity in many directions. His physical strength, which had been displayed by his successes on the football
Rugby football
Rugby football is a style of football named after Rugby School in the United Kingdom. It is seen most prominently in two current sports, rugby league and rugby union.-History:...
and cricket
Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the...
fields and on the tennis court, was now exercised in field geology and mountaineering
Mountaineering
Mountaineering or mountain climbing is the sport, hobby or profession of hiking, skiing, and climbing mountains. While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed mountains it has branched into specialisations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists...
.
He was a successful teacher, active in University administration, both in the University of Otago and in the University of New Zealand
University of New Zealand
The University of New Zealand was the New Zealand university from 1870 to 1961. It was the sole New Zealand university, having a federal structure embracing several constituent colleges at various locations around New Zealand...
, of the Senate of which he was for some years a member. His list of publications during the period contains over fifty titles. They included a book on the Geography of New Zealand (1905, revised 1911), the Geology of New Zealand (1912), and the portions of the Handbuch der Regionalen Geologie dealing with New Zealand and the adjacent Islands, and with Oceania (1912). He was extremely active in research. His accounts of the Geology of the Dunedin District (1906) and "The Sequence of Lavas at North Head, Otago Harbour" (1914), which involved a great amount of field work, and petrographical
Petrography
Petrography is a branch of petrology that focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks. Someone who studies petrography is called a petrographer. The mineral content and the textural relationships within the rock are described in detail. Petrographic descriptions start with the field notes at the...
and chemical study, are among the most notable of his many papers. He also published many other papers on the igneous rocks and other features of New Zealand geology in both the South and North Islands. He studied the volcanic rocks of the south-western Pacific, and on this ground of mutual interest he entered into frequent correspondence and later personal association with Professor Antoine Lacroix
Antoine Lacroix
Antoine François Alfred Lacroix was a French mineralogist and geologist. He was born at Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire....
, and was in 1938 elected a Correspondent de l'Academie des Sciences Coloniales.
His was an active member of what is now the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, ad presented papers before it on the distribution of the igneous rocks in New Zealand (1907), Ocean Contours and Earth Movements in the South-West Pacific (1909), and his Presidential Address to the Geological Section on the structural boundaries of the south-western Pacific (1911) which were shown to be related to the line separating the regions wherein andesitic
Andesite
Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite,...
lava
Lava
Lava refers both to molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption and the resulting rock after solidification and cooling. This molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites. When first erupted from a volcanic vent, lava is a liquid at...
s occur from those wherein there are basic alkaline lavas. This concept was crystallised in his use of the term "andesite line
Andesite Line
The andesite line is the most significant regional geologic distinction in the Pacific Ocean basin. It separates the mafic basaltic volcanic rocks of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of more felsic andesitic volcanic rock on its margins. The andesite line...
" for the structural boundary of the western half of the Pacific basin in his account of the Geology of Oceania (1912), a term which has come into very general use, though an alternative term, "the Marshall line" has also been used with the same significance. The many problems, geophysical, geological, and biological arising from a consideration of the natural history of the Pacific were often in Dr. Marshall's mind, and formed the subjects of his Presidential Address to the Geographical Section of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science in 1932, and that given by him as President of the whole Association in 1946.
The preparation of his books on the Geology of New Zealand must have brought very vividly before him the unsatisfactory and to some extent contradictory conceptions regarding the stratigraphy of New Zealand during the opening decade of this century, and he devoted much effort towards the study of the sedimentary succession and mollusca
Mollusca
The Mollusca , common name molluscs or mollusksSpelled mollusks in the USA, see reasons given in Rosenberg's ; for the spelling mollusc see the reasons given by , is a large phylum of invertebrate animals. There are around 85,000 recognized extant species of molluscs. Mollusca is the largest...
n faunas of the Tertiary
Tertiary
The Tertiary is a deprecated term for a geologic period 65 million to 2.6 million years ago. The Tertiary covered the time span between the superseded Secondary period and the Quaternary...
and Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
rocks, on which he wrote a number of papers, several of them in collaboration with malacologist Robert C. Murdoch
Robert C. Murdoch
Robert C. Murdoch was a malacologist in New Zealand.- Biography :He received a secondary-school education, and afterwards travelled widely with Captain Shuttleworth, of Wanganui. He spent some years subsequent to 1888 in farming near Wanganui, but in 1892 he went to Sydney and studied Mollusca...
. The most important of these papers was his elaborate study of the Cretaceous ammonite
Ammonite
Ammonite, as a zoological or paleontological term, refers to any member of the Ammonoidea an extinct subclass within the Molluscan class Cephalopoda which are more closely related to living coleoids Ammonite, as a zoological or paleontological term, refers to any member of the Ammonoidea an extinct...
s of New Zealand (1926), in part written by him while in the British Museum of Natural History. In this paper the Indo-Pacific affinities of the New Zealand forms are discussed. In connection with the Geological Survey
Geological survey
The term geological survey can be used to describe both the conduct of a survey for geological purposes and an institution holding geological information....
he wrote the portions of the Dun Mountain Bulletin (No. 12, published 1912) dealing with Mesozoic
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic era is an interval of geological time from about 250 million years ago to about 65 million years ago. It is often referred to as the age of reptiles because reptiles, namely dinosaurs, were the dominant terrestrial and marine vertebrates of the time...
stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, studies rock layers and layering . It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks....
and igneous rocks, also the Tuapeka Bulletin (No. 19, published 1918).
Leaving the University of Otago in 1917, he became Headmaster of his old school, Wanganui College, and retiring from this after several years of service, he devoted himself for a time to geological research in the Pacific Islands and elsewhere, dealing with their petrology
Petrology
Petrology is the branch of geology that studies rocks, and the conditions in which rocks form....
and the features of coral reef
Coral reef
Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. Coral reefs are colonies of tiny living animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps...
s.
In 1924 he was appointed Geologist and Petrologist to the Department of Public Works
Department of Public Works
Department of Public Works is a common name for government departments responsible for public works. It may refer specifically to:* Public Works and Government Services Canada* Department of Public Works and Highways...
, where in addition to his general consultative work, he carried out several major lines of research resulting in important publications, a study of special local interest on the building stones of New Zealand (1929) and two of more widespread theoretical importance. In his investigation of the Wearing of Beach Gravels and Beach Gravels and Sands (1928, 1929), carried out both in the field and experimentally, he considered the change in the size and form of the pebbles and the amount and nature of the fine-grained or even colloidal material produced during the processes of attrition, impact and grinding, and in so doing threw much light on the conditions of origin of littoral and off-shore sediments. He also made (1935) elaborate studies of the rocks of rhyolitic composition which are widespread in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand and were originally though to be flows and tuffs. He concluded that they were largely composed of particles which had been explosively erupted and had emitted incandescent gases until they had become on cooling agglutinated into coherent rock-masses often showing marked columnar jointing. This mode of origin is comparable with that of the material derived from nuées ardentes
Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of superheated gas and rock , which reaches speeds moving away from a volcano of up to 700 km/h . The flows normally hug the ground and travel downhill, or spread laterally under gravity...
(French for "burning cloud", synonymous with pyroclastic flow
Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of superheated gas and rock , which reaches speeds moving away from a volcano of up to 700 km/h . The flows normally hug the ground and travel downhill, or spread laterally under gravity...
) of Katmaian
Mount Katmai
Mount Katmai is a large stratovolcano on the Alaska Peninsula in southern Alaska, located within Katmai National Park and Preserve. It is about in diameter with a central lake-filled caldera about 3 by 2 mi in area, formed during the Novarupta eruption of 1912. The caldera rim reaches a...
eruptions. The occurrence of rocks of like origin is becoming recognised in regions around the Pacific, and the term "ignimbrite
Ignimbrite
An ignimbrite is the deposit of a pyroclastic density current, or pyroclastic flow, a hot suspension of particles and gases that flows rapidly from a volcano, driven by a greater density than the surrounding atmosphere....
" suggested for them by Marshall is tending to replace the term "welded tuffs" which was often assigned to them.
In later years Dr. Marshall was greatly interested in the occurrence of orbicular granite
Granite
Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite usually has a medium- to coarse-grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals are larger than the groundmass, in which case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a porphyritic...
s in New Zealand, and gave a number of excellent polished specimens of these to geological museums, but published little thereon. He was active in the study of zeolitic minerals, believed by him to be of primary origin, occurring in volcanic rocks, especially in more or less alkaline lavas, and spent much time investigating various methods of recognising the presence and determining the nature of such minerals by their diagnostic reactions with various solutions principally of silver nitrate
Silver nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . This compound is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides...
. His latest paper (1946), which gave a short account of such studies, was said to be the precursor of a more detailed study then in preparation, which unfortunately was never completed.
Dr. Marshall's activities in connection with the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science
Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science
The Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science is an organisation that was founded in 1888 by Archibald Liversidge as the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science to promote science. It was modelled on the British Association for the Advancement of Science...
, his presence at the meetings of the Pacific Science Congress in a number of lands, Japan, Java, and California as well as in Australia and New Zealand, and his presence at two European meetings of the International Geological Conference, as well as his many writings, made him well known to geologists in many parts of the world. His chief services to scientific societies were, however, given to the Royal Society of New Zealand
Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand , known as the New Zealand Institute before 1933, was established in 1867 to co-ordinate and assist the activities of a number of regional research societies including the Auckland Institute, the Wellington Philosophical Society, the Philosophical Institute of...
, of which he was President in 1925–6, and from which he received the Hector Memorial Medal. He was the first recipient of the Hector Memorial Medal
Hector Memorial Medal
The Hector Memorial Medal is awarded annually for outstanding contribution to the advancement of the particular branch of science. It is awarded by the Royal Society of New Zealand in memory of Sir James Hector...
in 1915. He also received the Hutton Medal in 1917. As an active member of its Executive Committee for many years he exercised much influence on its policy.
In 1948 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of New Zealand nearly fifty years after he had received the degree by examination on the grounds of his first major research in Geology.
His interest in research was maintained to the last. In a letter to the writer sent in October, 1950, he referred to the interesting carbonate-bearing magnesian rocks near Milford Sound
Milford Sound
Milford Sound is a fjord in the south west of New Zealand's South Island, within Fiordland National Park, Piopiotahi Marine Reserve, and the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage site...
, which he had described in 1904, regretting that he was unable to return to the field and laboratory investigations of their problematical origin. But he passed away early in November in the eighty-second year of his age.
Cricketing career
Marshall played three first-class matches for Auckland in the 1900–01 season.Species described
- some Diptera
- Conus abruptusConus abruptusConus abruptus is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.-Description:...
Marshall, 1918