Patria Pasi variants
Encyclopedia
Patria Pasi variants, which were the choice of the defence forces of Finland for the armoured personnel carries to replace the already obsolete Soviet BTR-60
's was a result of the commercial competition between two Finnish companies, a tractor manufacturer Valmet
and the lorry manufacturer Sisu, which won the contract with its prototype.
, was not produced by Patria, but Sisu lorry manufacturer. The other possible armoured personnel carrier which could have come in the question of a choice for the defence forces of Finland to replace BTR-60
was Panssari-Valmet
, which did not win the competition.
Tehnically the variants of Pasi are marked with two letters XA, which means armoured vehicle, the first and second number means the power in tens of kilowats. Therefore Pasi XA-180 means, that it is an armoured vehicle (XA) having an engine capable for 180 kW (18 x 10 kW). The last number, 0, means that XA-180 is the first version of the 180 kW Pasi's.
Oy forest tractor and harvester business and also the production of the tractors and engines. Oy Sisu
Ab is founded to function as the holding company of all the new entities and the old Oy Sisu-Auto Ab. For the lorry production a new Oy Sisu-Auto Ab, now Oy Sisu Auto
Ab is founded.
In 1995 the military vehicle production profit center of Oy Sisu
Ab, Sisu Defence is changed into a separate subsidiary company Sisu Defence Oy, which continues the military vehicle production with Masi, Misu, Nasu
, Pasi, Rasi and Raisu lorries. In 1996 Sisu Defence is sold to Suomen Puolustusväline Oy, which is a state owned company. In 1997 there is a merger and the name of Sisu Defence in Suomen Puolustusväline is Patria Vehicles Oy.
in 1980 for the tests. Another type, which was ordered for tests was made by a tractor manufacturer Valmet
(now Valtra
). In 1983 Sisu XA-180 was chosen as the armoured personnel carrier for the defence forces of Finland. on 22 December 1983 first 41 Sisus were ordered for the defence forces itself and nine was reserved for the peace-keeping activities of the United Nations. The defence forces of Finland has 425 XA-180 and XA-185 types Pasis.
XA-180 is amphibious
like XA-185. XA-186 is not amphibous like XA-202, XA-203 and XA-360 are not either.
XA-180EST
XA-180EST
is the Estonian model of XA-180. There are 58 of them in service. Finland had sold 61 of them, of which four were medievac models, two command post models and two command and control models. In 2005 there were delivered ordinary ones 30 units and four medievac units. In 2005 35 units of XA-180ESTs, 2006 21 units and 2007 5 units were transferred to Estonia.
Altogether there were 51 ordinary units, two command and control units, three repair units and four medievac units. The medievac units were equipped with conditioning and floor heaters. The XA-180ESTs were equipped with Harris radios and 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns.
The XA-180ESTs had been manufactured in Finland in 1987-1989 having used for from 10 000 km to 30 000 km. The engine will last about 120 000 km to 130 000 km. Ten out of the sixty vehicles has been taken part in the Lebanon peace-keeping operations and the others has been mainly stored or being used in the military training in Finland.
Estonia wanted to buy 30 more XAs from Finland in 2008, but as a part of agreement, Finland wanted them not to be used outside the territory of Estonia, i.e. in the international operations with the coalition of the willing. Therefore Estonia buys 81 units of XA-188 from the Netherlands. Also the price was considered to be high for the Estonians.
XA-181
XA-181s are like XA-180s, but as designation they have been equipped for the use of anti-aircraft artillery target directing radar, MOSTKA87M, earlier MOSTKA87, anti-aircraft missile launcher for ITO90M, earlier ITO90. Finland has 21 units of Crotale NG (VT-1) systems.
Crotale NG (VT-1) is an updated version, New Generation. Finland was the first operator of the system. The cost of the system is roughly 8 million euros (excluding the vehicle). Greece is another user, and paid 1 Billion French Francs in 1998 for 11 systems: 9 for the Hellenic Air Force and 2 for the Hellenic Navy. In 2002 euros, that would have amounted up to 12 million euros per unit.
XA-182
XA-182 is a has a Jantronic J-1000 radar target acquisition radar system including Ericsson Giraffe Mk IV radar
.
XA-185
The defence forces of Denmark leased 11 XA-185s from Finland. Four of them were to be stationed in Bosnia, four other ones in Kosovo and three ones were let in Denmark for training purposes. The four ambulance models came in December, 2001 and the other four ones were to arrive in mid February 2002 and the last three ones in mid March, 2002.
XA-186
between 2011-2015.
XA-202
XA-202 has more room in rear parts of the vehicle and is basically designed for command, command and communications purposes. It has room for four other soldiers and it is equipped with a possibility of 24-metres-long radio mast for directional antenna.
BTR-60
The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers. It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the BTR-152 and was seen first time in public in 1961...
's was a result of the commercial competition between two Finnish companies, a tractor manufacturer Valmet
Valmet
' was a Finnish state-owned conglomerate. Valmet was formed in 1951, when the state of Finland decided to group their various factories working on war reparations to the Soviet Union under one company...
and the lorry manufacturer Sisu, which won the contract with its prototype.
Prototypes and series
Patria Pasis have been produced in various models and also for various purposes. Originally Panssari-SisuSisu
Sisu is a Finnish term loosely translated into English as strength of will, determination, perseverance, and acting rationally in the face of adversity. However, the word is widely considered to lack a proper translation into any language. Sisu has been described as being integral to understanding...
, was not produced by Patria, but Sisu lorry manufacturer. The other possible armoured personnel carrier which could have come in the question of a choice for the defence forces of Finland to replace BTR-60
BTR-60
The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers. It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the BTR-152 and was seen first time in public in 1961...
was Panssari-Valmet
Valmet
' was a Finnish state-owned conglomerate. Valmet was formed in 1951, when the state of Finland decided to group their various factories working on war reparations to the Soviet Union under one company...
, which did not win the competition.
Tehnically the variants of Pasi are marked with two letters XA, which means armoured vehicle, the first and second number means the power in tens of kilowats. Therefore Pasi XA-180 means, that it is an armoured vehicle (XA) having an engine capable for 180 kW (18 x 10 kW). The last number, 0, means that XA-180 is the first version of the 180 kW Pasi's.
Manufacturing companies
The name of the manufacturer has changed several times. In 1980 the produces was Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab, which was founded in 1931. In 1981 it changed its name to Oy Sisu-Auto Ab, which reflected the name of the Sisu branded lorries Suomen Autoteollisuus had manufactured. In 1994 Oy Sisu-Auto Ab buys from ValmetValmet
' was a Finnish state-owned conglomerate. Valmet was formed in 1951, when the state of Finland decided to group their various factories working on war reparations to the Soviet Union under one company...
Oy forest tractor and harvester business and also the production of the tractors and engines. Oy Sisu
Sisu
Sisu is a Finnish term loosely translated into English as strength of will, determination, perseverance, and acting rationally in the face of adversity. However, the word is widely considered to lack a proper translation into any language. Sisu has been described as being integral to understanding...
Ab is founded to function as the holding company of all the new entities and the old Oy Sisu-Auto Ab. For the lorry production a new Oy Sisu-Auto Ab, now Oy Sisu Auto
Sisu Auto
Sisu Auto is a Finnish truck company. Its name comes from the Finnish word sisu meaning guts, grit and determination.Sisu Auto subsidiary company SISU Defence produces high mobility tactical vehicles for military use.-History:*Sisu established in 1931...
Ab is founded.
In 1995 the military vehicle production profit center of Oy Sisu
Sisu
Sisu is a Finnish term loosely translated into English as strength of will, determination, perseverance, and acting rationally in the face of adversity. However, the word is widely considered to lack a proper translation into any language. Sisu has been described as being integral to understanding...
Ab, Sisu Defence is changed into a separate subsidiary company Sisu Defence Oy, which continues the military vehicle production with Masi, Misu, Nasu
Sisu Nasu
The Nasu is a tracked articulated, all-terrain transport vehicle developed by Sisu Auto for the Finnish Army. It consists of two units, with all four tracks powered. It can carry up to 17 people, although the trailer unit can be adapted for different applications...
, Pasi, Rasi and Raisu lorries. In 1996 Sisu Defence is sold to Suomen Puolustusväline Oy, which is a state owned company. In 1997 there is a merger and the name of Sisu Defence in Suomen Puolustusväline is Patria Vehicles Oy.
- 1980 Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab
- 1981 Oy Sisu-Auto Ab
- 1994 Oy Sisu AutoSisu AutoSisu Auto is a Finnish truck company. Its name comes from the Finnish word sisu meaning guts, grit and determination.Sisu Auto subsidiary company SISU Defence produces high mobility tactical vehicles for military use.-History:*Sisu established in 1931...
Ab, Sisu Defence profit center of Oy Sisu Ab - 1995 Sisu Defence Oy
- 1997 Patria Vehicles Oy
- 2008 Patria Land & Armament Oy
Prototype history
The prototype of XA-180 was produced by Sisu AutoSisu Auto
Sisu Auto is a Finnish truck company. Its name comes from the Finnish word sisu meaning guts, grit and determination.Sisu Auto subsidiary company SISU Defence produces high mobility tactical vehicles for military use.-History:*Sisu established in 1931...
in 1980 for the tests. Another type, which was ordered for tests was made by a tractor manufacturer Valmet
Valmet
' was a Finnish state-owned conglomerate. Valmet was formed in 1951, when the state of Finland decided to group their various factories working on war reparations to the Soviet Union under one company...
(now Valtra
Valtra
Valtra is a Finnish based manufacturer of tractors owned by the AGCO Corporation.-History:Valtra traces its origin to Valmet, Bolinder, Munktell and Volvo. Bolinder-Munktell merged with Volvo in 1950 to form BM Volvo. In 1979, BM Volvo/Volvo BM and Valmet formed a joint venture for tractor...
). In 1983 Sisu XA-180 was chosen as the armoured personnel carrier for the defence forces of Finland. on 22 December 1983 first 41 Sisus were ordered for the defence forces itself and nine was reserved for the peace-keeping activities of the United Nations. The defence forces of Finland has 425 XA-180 and XA-185 types Pasis.
Armouring
The main superstructure was manufactured from 6 mm to 12 mm armour steel. The bottom parts of the vehicle were mine strengthened. The windows are bullet-resistant and equipped with protective hatches. As for the off-road qualities XA-180 can take inclines up to maximum of 60°.XA-180 is amphibious
Amphibious
Amphibious means able to use either land or water. In particular it may refer to:*Amphibious warfare, warfare carried out on both land and water*Amphibians, vertebrate animals of the Class Amphibia...
like XA-185. XA-186 is not amphibous like XA-202, XA-203 and XA-360 are not either.
XA-180EST 
XA-180ESTXA-180 (EST)
The Xa-180 is a six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier originally designed for the Finnish Defence Forces. The first version was produced in 1983 and serial production began in 1984. The basic design was based on easy usage, simple basic structure and low cost maintenance. The basic appearance and...
is the Estonian model of XA-180. There are 58 of them in service. Finland had sold 61 of them, of which four were medievac models, two command post models and two command and control models. In 2005 there were delivered ordinary ones 30 units and four medievac units. In 2005 35 units of XA-180ESTs, 2006 21 units and 2007 5 units were transferred to Estonia.
Altogether there were 51 ordinary units, two command and control units, three repair units and four medievac units. The medievac units were equipped with conditioning and floor heaters. The XA-180ESTs were equipped with Harris radios and 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns.
The XA-180ESTs had been manufactured in Finland in 1987-1989 having used for from 10 000 km to 30 000 km. The engine will last about 120 000 km to 130 000 km. Ten out of the sixty vehicles has been taken part in the Lebanon peace-keeping operations and the others has been mainly stored or being used in the military training in Finland.
Estonia wanted to buy 30 more XAs from Finland in 2008, but as a part of agreement, Finland wanted them not to be used outside the territory of Estonia, i.e. in the international operations with the coalition of the willing. Therefore Estonia buys 81 units of XA-188 from the Netherlands. Also the price was considered to be high for the Estonians.
XA-181 
XA-181s are like XA-180s, but as designation they have been equipped for the use of anti-aircraft artillery target directing radar, MOSTKA87M, earlier MOSTKA87, anti-aircraft missile launcher for ITO90M, earlier ITO90. Finland has 21 units of Crotale NG (VT-1) systems.Crotale NG (VT-1) is an updated version, New Generation. Finland was the first operator of the system. The cost of the system is roughly 8 million euros (excluding the vehicle). Greece is another user, and paid 1 Billion French Francs in 1998 for 11 systems: 9 for the Hellenic Air Force and 2 for the Hellenic Navy. In 2002 euros, that would have amounted up to 12 million euros per unit.
XA-182
XA-182 is a has a Jantronic J-1000 radar target acquisition radar system including Ericsson Giraffe Mk IV radarGIRAFFE Radar
The Saab GIRAFFE Radar is a family of land and naval two- or three-dimensional G/H-band radar-based surveillance and air defense command and control systems tailored for operations with medium- and Short Range Air Defense missile or gun systems or for use as gap-fillers in a larger air defense...
.
Other
Some XA-180s are furnished to function as the medical evacuation vehicles and also ABC intelligence units.XA-185
- XA-185
ambulance - XA-185
-
command post vehicle (KOPA; command post) with radios and antennas - XA-185 -
with 30 mm kanon - XA-185
with surveillance radar - XA-185
recovery vehicle: repair and maintenance - XA-185
TOW : anti-tank missile
The defence forces of Denmark leased 11 XA-185s from Finland. Four of them were to be stationed in Bosnia, four other ones in Kosovo and three ones were let in Denmark for training purposes. The four ambulance models came in December, 2001 and the other four ones were to arrive in mid February 2002 and the last three ones in mid March, 2002.
XA-186 
- XA-186 is a model, which has improved armour according to the NATO demands
- XA-186NO : Norwegian model, 22 units total
- XA-186NO Recovery
- XA-186NO command post vehicle
XA-188
The Netherlands obtained 24 units in 1998 and further 66 units were delivered to the Netherlands in 1999. The XA-188 is originally a Dutch export version of the APC. Estonia obtained 81 units of the former Dutch XA-188s in 2011 which will be included into the Estonia’s 1st Infantry Brigade1st Infantry Brigade (Estonia)
The 1st Infantry Brigade is an infantry brigade of the military of Estonia. The brigade is stationed in Harju County, North Estonia and is a made up by the Ground Force reservists.-Peacetime Organization :* 1st Infantry Brigade...
between 2011-2015.
200 kW Pasis
Patria Vehicles Oy Defence forces of Sweden, 104 units for 70 000 000 €, for the peace-keeping activities in 2002. The deliveries took place in 2001-2002.XA-202 
XA-202 has more room in rear parts of the vehicle and is basically designed for command, command and communications purposes. It has room for four other soldiers and it is equipped with a possibility of 24-metres-long radio mast for directional antenna.
- XA-202S command post and communications vehicle. In 2003 51 XA-202 and XA-203 was delivered to Sweden from Finland.
XA-203
- XA-203S troop carrier with quick-change interior configuration with special kits for use in the casualty evacuation, maintenance, command and logistics role. Most of the turrets armed with 20 mm cannons. A 22,5 tonne XA-203S carries eight soldiers and crew of two or three and eight other soldiers. In 2003 51 XA-202 and XA-203 was delivered to Sweden from Finland and in 2004 25 XA-203s.