Pandeiro
Encyclopedia
The pandeiro is a type of hand frame drum
.
There are two important distinctions between a pandeiro and the common tambourine
. The tension of the head on the pandeiro can be tuned, allowing the player a choice of high and low notes. Also, the metal jingles (called platinelas in Portuguese
) are cupped, creating a crisper, drier and less sustained tone on the pandeiro than on the tambourine. This provides clarity when swift, complex rhythms are played.
It is held in one hand, and struck on the head by the other hand to produce the sound. Typical pandeiro patterns are played by alternating the thumb, fingertips, heel, and palm of the hand.
A pandeiro can also be shaken to make sound, or one can run a finger along the head to create a "rasp" noise. The pandeiro is used in a number of Brazilian music
forms, such as Samba
, Choro
, Coco
, and Capoeira
music (see Capoeira songs). The Brazilian pandeiro derives from the pandeireta or pandereta of Spain and Portugal.
Some of the best-known pandeiro players today are Paulinho Da Costa
, Airto Moreira
, Marcos Suzano
, Cyro Baptista
, and Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro
.
Artists such as Stanton Moore
use it non-traditionally by tuning it low to sound like a floor tom with jingles, mounting it on a stand and integrating it into the modern drum kit.. Others, such as Sule Greg Wilson on the Carolina Chocolate Drops' Grammy-winning CD Genuine Negro Jig, use it in tandem with a tunable bodhran--also mounted--and play them as a pair with brushes to create drum kit effects, as well as their original intent as hand-held percussion.
n instrument and the other is a Europe
an square medieval frame drum.
) is a square double skinned frame drum, often with a bell inside. It is pictured in several 13th century illustrations and the instrument is still played in some Portuguese and Spanish villages, as well as in a number of traditional/popular folk events in the Iberian Peninsula
. It derives from a Moorish/Arabic instrument and smaller versions of them can still be found in North Africa.
This is the original type of pandeiro and the South American drum is more modern descendant of it.
, and is a small, hand-held Brazil
ian percussion instrument
. It typically consists of a round wooden frame, with six pairs of metal discs fit along the sides, and an animal skin or nylon head.
Frame drum
A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. Usually the single drumhead is made of rawhide or man-made materials. Shells are traditionally constructed of bent wood scarf jointed together; plywood and man-made materials are also used. Some frame drums have mechanical...
.
There are two important distinctions between a pandeiro and the common tambourine
Tambourine
The tambourine or marine is a musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zils". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head at all....
. The tension of the head on the pandeiro can be tuned, allowing the player a choice of high and low notes. Also, the metal jingles (called platinelas in Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
) are cupped, creating a crisper, drier and less sustained tone on the pandeiro than on the tambourine. This provides clarity when swift, complex rhythms are played.
It is held in one hand, and struck on the head by the other hand to produce the sound. Typical pandeiro patterns are played by alternating the thumb, fingertips, heel, and palm of the hand.
A pandeiro can also be shaken to make sound, or one can run a finger along the head to create a "rasp" noise. The pandeiro is used in a number of Brazilian music
Music of Brazil
The music of Brazil encompasses various regional music styles influenced by African, European and Amerindian forms. After 500 years of history, Brazilian music developed some unique and original styles such as samba, zouk-lambada, lambada, choro, bossa nova, frevo, maracatu, MPB, sertanejo,...
forms, such as Samba
Samba
Samba is a Brazilian dance and musical genre originating in Bahia and with its roots in Brazil and Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions. It is recognized around the world as a symbol of Brazil and the Brazilian Carnival...
, Choro
Choro
Choro , traditionally called chorinho , is a Brazilian popular music instrumental style. Its origins are in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. In spite of the name, the style often has a fast and happy rhythm, characterized by virtuosity, improvisation, subtile modulations and full of syncopation and...
, Coco
Coco (music)
Coco is an African-influenced musical rhythm that originated in northern Brazil. "Coco" may also refer to the style of dance performed to the music, a kind of stomping....
, and Capoeira
Capoeira
Capoeira is a Brazilian art form that combines elements of martial arts, sports, and music. It was created in Brazil mainly by descendants of African slaves with Brazilian native influences, probably beginning in the 16th century...
music (see Capoeira songs). The Brazilian pandeiro derives from the pandeireta or pandereta of Spain and Portugal.
Some of the best-known pandeiro players today are Paulinho Da Costa
Paulinho Da Costa
Paulinho da Costa is a Brazilian percussionist born in Rio de Janeiro, considered one of the most recorded musicians of modern times. Playing over two hundred percussion instruments, he has participated in thousands of recording sessions, Grammy Award-winning albums, hit songs, soundtracks, radio...
, Airto Moreira
Airto Moreira
Airto Moreira is a Brazilian jazz drummer and percussionist. Airto is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer. He currently resides in Los Angeles.-Biography:...
, Marcos Suzano
Marcos Suzano
Marcos Suzano is a Brazilian percussionist, famous for playing with many Brazilian and international musicians, such as Nando Reis and Titãs. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. Originally a rock fan, he experienced a carnaval bloco and became passionate about percussion thereafter...
, Cyro Baptista
Cyro Baptista
Cyro Baptista is a Brazilian musician, teacher, and recording artist specializing in percussion in the genres of jazz and world music....
, and Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro
Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro
thumb|alt=Alt text|Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro, a Brazilian of African and Portuguese descent, is a percussionist best known for playing the pandeiro, and is one of the instrument's major proponents....
.
Artists such as Stanton Moore
Stanton Moore
Stanton Moore is a drummer raised in Metairie, Louisiana. Most widely known as a founding member of Galactic, Moore has also pursued a solo recording career and recorded with bands as diverse as jazz-funk keyboardist Robert Walter and heavy metal act Corrosion of Conformity...
use it non-traditionally by tuning it low to sound like a floor tom with jingles, mounting it on a stand and integrating it into the modern drum kit.. Others, such as Sule Greg Wilson on the Carolina Chocolate Drops' Grammy-winning CD Genuine Negro Jig, use it in tandem with a tunable bodhran--also mounted--and play them as a pair with brushes to create drum kit effects, as well as their original intent as hand-held percussion.
Types
The term pandeiro is used for two types of frame drum. One is a round South AmericaSouth America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
n instrument and the other is a Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
an square medieval frame drum.
The Medieval pandeiro
The medieval Pandeiro http://rhythmweb.com/frame/galicia.htm (also called an AdufeAdufe
The adufe is a traditional square tambourine of Moorish origin, which is used in Portugal.-History:A Portuguese percussion instrument, it was traditionally used in the Beira and Trás-os-Montes regions. It was also used in many other regions across the Iberian Peninsula, and similar instruments are...
) is a square double skinned frame drum, often with a bell inside. It is pictured in several 13th century illustrations and the instrument is still played in some Portuguese and Spanish villages, as well as in a number of traditional/popular folk events in the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
. It derives from a Moorish/Arabic instrument and smaller versions of them can still be found in North Africa.
This is the original type of pandeiro and the South American drum is more modern descendant of it.
The South American pandeiro
This is similar to the tambourineTambourine
The tambourine or marine is a musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zils". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head at all....
, and is a small, hand-held Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian percussion instrument
Percussion instrument
A percussion instrument is any object which produces a sound when hit with an implement or when it is shaken, rubbed, scraped, or otherwise acted upon in a way that sets the object into vibration...
. It typically consists of a round wooden frame, with six pairs of metal discs fit along the sides, and an animal skin or nylon head.