Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
Encyclopedia
The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, or commonly known as "PINSTECH", is a multi-program science and technology national research institute
managed by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
. The PINSTECH offers a post-graduate and post-doctoral research in the field of nuclear and reactor technology. PINSTECH is the one of the largest science and technology research institution in Pakistan. PINSTECH is located in Nilore, Islamabad Capital Territory
, near Islamabad
. Scientists and engineers at PINSCTECH conduct basic
and applied
research and development
to create scientific knowledge and technological solutions that build the nation's expertise in key areas of science; increase the ability of clean and peaceful use of nuclear energy; restore and protect the environment; and contribute to national security.
The PINSTECH performs variety of experiments for the Government, including the research in nuclear reprocessing, and technical program management, and provides research and technical assistance to other organizations..
equipments and instruments for doing; therefore it remain an obvious choice for the students and researchers from all over Pakistan where they could find many important techniques under one roof. Recently the famous concept of centralized analysis facility has been utilized where a researcher can go and work with any piece of nuclear equipment that the researcher has been assigned. The Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL) and Central Analytical Facility (CAF) are the most potent facilities in Pakistan.
PINSTECH promotes applications of radiation and isotope technology in various scientific and technological disciplines to support the nation. It is also working on important non-nuclear fields, which are crucial for the development of science and technology in the country.
architect
Edward Durell Stone
, PINSTECH blends eastern elegance with western functionality. Construction of the Institute proceeded in two stages: In the first stage, reactor building and ancillary facilities were completed with the reactor becoming critical on 21 December 1965.
The second stage, consisting of various laboratories, workshop, library and auditorium, became operational in 1974. The PINSTECH Library is one of the most advanced library in the country. The scientific articles, magazines, and science literature are stocked in large numbers at the library. There is also a large section containing loaded historical references and literature on Manhattan Project
, brough by Abdus Salam in 1971 prior to start of the Nuclear weapons programme under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The facility was last upgraded by PAEC chairman and noted nuclear scientist, Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan
in 1989.
, in Pakistan, was a dream of dr. Abdus Salam
who initiated the establishment of PINSTECH. As Science Advisor to the Government of Pakistan, Abdus Salam had pressed the Government of Pakistan
as well as Pakistan Defence Forces to invest and promote
science (mainly physics research) in the country as well as in the military.
In 1965, dr. Abdus Salam traveled to United States
where he signed an agreement with Edward Durell Stone
. The establishment of PINSTECH was a dream of professor Abdus Salam who, gave the directorship of this institute to Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry
, a professor of nuclear physics at Salam's Alma mater—Government College University
(GCU). However, when Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President
at that time, orchestrated and established the Nuclear detterence programme loosely based on Manhattan Project
of 1940s, Salam took over the operations of PINSTECH institute to supervised the development of the weapons, research, and contributions leading the rise of physics at its maximum level in Pakistan.
Because the experiments were deemed too dangerous to conduct in a major city of Islamabad, the operations were moved a hill station near Islamabad. The operations were supervised by Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
, and it was highly secured both by the Pakistan Army
and the Pakistan Air Force
.
With the establishment of facility, PINSTECH became a focal point for Pakistani scientists to conduct research in physics. In 1967, the basic and applied science research in PINSTECH picked up its speed, when Pakistani scientists feared that India
was rapidly developing an atomic bomb
. Throughout the time, both the laboratories and the nearby city of Nilore
was built up by Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
. The Nilore became restricted and secret city. After the 1971 Winter War
, the site was one of the integral site for the nuclear weapons research.
The goal of the Project-706
activities in PINSTECH was to reprocess the reactor grade plutonium into weapon grade in developing of nuclear weapons. This work carried out in four different faciltiies, PARR-I Reactor, PARR-II Reactor, New Labs, and the Charged Particle Accelerator. The New Labs was dedicated to the production of the weapon grade plutonium of 239Pu
. The PARR-II Reactor was dedicated to utilize ~90% 235U
at a power level of 30kw.
In 1983, Nuclear Physics Group working under Ishfaq Ahmad
successfully produced the 239Pu
, a weapon grade plutonium. This Weapon-grade plutonium was later tested in Kirana Hills. Throughout the formulative year, the scientists and engineers at PINSTECH carried out technologically advanced research at Charged Particle Accelerator. In May 30 of 1998, the PAEC scientists and engineers had performed the second nuclear test—codename Chagai-II— of a fissionable device, and the device's weapon grade plutonium was produced at the New Labs. The research reactors at the institute were last upgraded by Munir Ahmad Khan — chairman of PAEC at that time — as he led both Electronics Division (ED) and Nuclear Engineering Division (NED) in 1989.
As of today, PINSTECH has been shifted to peacetime research in medicine, biology, materials and physics. Its Molybdenum-42
facility was used to medical radioisotopes for treating cancer. Scientists from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) had been using the PINSTECH facilities to conduc advanced research in both medical and food sciences.
PINSTECH promotes applications of radiation
and isotope technology
in various scientific and technological disciplines to support the nation. It is also working on important non-nuclear fields, which are crucial for the development of science and technology
in the country.
s based on:
s. The following PINSTECH Divisions are listed below:
The directorate of science consists of four division, and each divisions are headed by deputy director-generals. In 2004, the PINSTECH administration had brought together all of the groups, and were merged into one single Division, known as Physics Research Division (PRD). Meanwhile, the PINSTECH had also merged Nuclear Physics Division (NPD) and Radiation Physics Division (RPD), Nuclear and Applied Chemistry Divisions as well. The below is the list of research groups working in RPD.
Chemistry Research Division (CRD)
Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Science and Technology , is a Cabinet-level ministry of government of Pakistan concerned with science and technology in Pakistan and in general, Pakistan's science policies, planning, coordination and directing of efforts to initiate and launch scientific and technological programs...
managed by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, , is an administrative governmental and autonomous science and technology governmental department of Pakistan, responsible for development of nuclear energy and development of nuclear power sector in Pakistan...
. The PINSTECH offers a post-graduate and post-doctoral research in the field of nuclear and reactor technology. PINSTECH is the one of the largest science and technology research institution in Pakistan. PINSTECH is located in Nilore, Islamabad Capital Territory
Islamabad Capital Territory
The Islamabad Capital Territory is one of the two federal territories of Pakistan. It includes Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, and covers an area of 1,165.5 km² of which 906 km² is Islamabad proper...
, near Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...
. Scientists and engineers at PINSCTECH conduct basic
Basic Research
Basic Research is an herbal supplement and cosmetics manufacturer based in Salt Lake City, Utah that distributes products through a large number of subsidiaries. In addition, their products are sold domestically and internationally through a number of high-end retailers. Dennis Gay is the...
and applied
Applied research
Applied research is a form of systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science. It accesses and uses some part of the research communities' accumulated theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques, for a specific, often state, business, or client driven purpose...
research and development
Research and development
The phrase research and development , according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers to "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of...
to create scientific knowledge and technological solutions that build the nation's expertise in key areas of science; increase the ability of clean and peaceful use of nuclear energy; restore and protect the environment; and contribute to national security.
The PINSTECH performs variety of experiments for the Government, including the research in nuclear reprocessing, and technical program management, and provides research and technical assistance to other organizations..
Research
PINSTECH is the most advanced facility in the country having state of the artState of the art
The state of the art is the highest level of development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field, achieved at a particular time. It also refers to the level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the latest methodologies employed.- Origin :The earliest use of the term...
equipments and instruments for doing; therefore it remain an obvious choice for the students and researchers from all over Pakistan where they could find many important techniques under one roof. Recently the famous concept of centralized analysis facility has been utilized where a researcher can go and work with any piece of nuclear equipment that the researcher has been assigned. The Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL) and Central Analytical Facility (CAF) are the most potent facilities in Pakistan.
PINSTECH promotes applications of radiation and isotope technology in various scientific and technological disciplines to support the nation. It is also working on important non-nuclear fields, which are crucial for the development of science and technology in the country.
Facts and Figures
Designed by world-renowned AmericanUnited States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
Edward Durell Stone
Edward Durell Stone
Edward Durell Stone was a twentieth century American architect who worked primarily in the Modernist style.-Early life:...
, PINSTECH blends eastern elegance with western functionality. Construction of the Institute proceeded in two stages: In the first stage, reactor building and ancillary facilities were completed with the reactor becoming critical on 21 December 1965.
The second stage, consisting of various laboratories, workshop, library and auditorium, became operational in 1974. The PINSTECH Library is one of the most advanced library in the country. The scientific articles, magazines, and science literature are stocked in large numbers at the library. There is also a large section containing loaded historical references and literature on Manhattan Project
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development program, led by the United States with participation from the United Kingdom and Canada, that produced the first atomic bomb during World War II. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the US Army...
, brough by Abdus Salam in 1971 prior to start of the Nuclear weapons programme under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The facility was last upgraded by PAEC chairman and noted nuclear scientist, Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan
Munir Ahmad Khan
Munir Ahmad Khan , HI, was a Pakistani nuclear engineer and a scientist who served as the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission from 1972 to 1991...
in 1989.
History
The roots of Pinstech travels back to 1951 when Abdus Salam, a young and ambitious scientist, came back to Pakistan with a doctorate in physics. In 1953, Salam was unable to established the institute as he faced strong opposition from his peers. As time passes, he soon faced the choice between intellectual death or migration to the stimulating environment of a western institutions from Pakistan. This choice, however, left a deep impression on him and was behind his determination to create an institution to which physicists from developing countries would come as a right to interact with their peers from industrially advanced countries without permanently leaving their own countries. Establishing the world class physics research institute, roughly equivalent to CERNCERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research , known as CERN , is an international organization whose purpose is to operate the world's largest particle physics laboratory, which is situated in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border...
, in Pakistan, was a dream of dr. Abdus Salam
Abdus Salam
Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the...
who initiated the establishment of PINSTECH. As Science Advisor to the Government of Pakistan, Abdus Salam had pressed the Government of Pakistan
Government of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan is a federal parliamentary system, with an indirectly-elected President as the Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Pakistani Armed Forces, and an indirectly-elected Prime Minister as the Head of Government. The President’s appointment and term are...
as well as Pakistan Defence Forces to invest and promote
Military funding of science
The military funding of science has had a powerful transformative effect on the practice and products of scientific research since the early 20th century...
science (mainly physics research) in the country as well as in the military.
In 1965, dr. Abdus Salam traveled to United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
where he signed an agreement with Edward Durell Stone
Edward Durell Stone
Edward Durell Stone was a twentieth century American architect who worked primarily in the Modernist style.-Early life:...
. The establishment of PINSTECH was a dream of professor Abdus Salam who, gave the directorship of this institute to Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry
Professor Dr. Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry or R. M. Chaudhry , FPAS HI, NI, SI, Skdt, was a Pakistani nuclear physicist and a professor of particle physics at the Government College University...
, a professor of nuclear physics at Salam's Alma mater—Government College University
Government College University
Government College University, Lahore is a co-educational public university located on The Mall in Lahore, Pakistan...
(GCU). However, when Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President
President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
at that time, orchestrated and established the Nuclear detterence programme loosely based on Manhattan Project
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development program, led by the United States with participation from the United Kingdom and Canada, that produced the first atomic bomb during World War II. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the US Army...
of 1940s, Salam took over the operations of PINSTECH institute to supervised the development of the weapons, research, and contributions leading the rise of physics at its maximum level in Pakistan.
Because the experiments were deemed too dangerous to conduct in a major city of Islamabad, the operations were moved a hill station near Islamabad. The operations were supervised by Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
The Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, , is an active military administrative staff corps, and a major science and technology command of the Pakistan Army...
, and it was highly secured both by the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
and the Pakistan Air Force
Pakistan Air Force
The Pakistan Air Force is the leading air arm of the Pakistan Armed Forces and is primarily tasked with the aerial defence of Pakistan with a secondary role of providing air support to the Pakistan Army and the Pakistan Navy. The PAF also has a tertiary role of providing strategic air transport...
.
With the establishment of facility, PINSTECH became a focal point for Pakistani scientists to conduct research in physics. In 1967, the basic and applied science research in PINSTECH picked up its speed, when Pakistani scientists feared that India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
was rapidly developing an atomic bomb
India and weapons of mass destruction
India possesses nuclear weapons and maintains short- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles, nuclear-capable aircraft, surface ships, and submarines under development as possible delivery systems and platforms...
. Throughout the time, both the laboratories and the nearby city of Nilore
Nilore
Nilore is a townsite-city in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan, located and established in the district limit of Islamabad. The city is located in the vicinity of Islamabad, and controlled under the Capital Territory Police to ensure the law and justice in the city.Nilore was established...
was built up by Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
The Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, , is an active military administrative staff corps, and a major science and technology command of the Pakistan Army...
. The Nilore became restricted and secret city. After the 1971 Winter War
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. Indian, Bangladeshi and international sources consider the beginning of the war to be Operation Chengiz Khan, Pakistan's December 3, 1971 pre-emptive strike on 11 Indian airbases...
, the site was one of the integral site for the nuclear weapons research.
The goal of the Project-706
Project-706
Project-706, also known as Project-726 or as the Kahuta Project, was a science effort codename of a project conducted during the Cold War and Russo-Afghan War whose objective was to develop Pakistan' first atomic weapon. The mainstream goal of the project was the development of an atomic bomb using...
activities in PINSTECH was to reprocess the reactor grade plutonium into weapon grade in developing of nuclear weapons. This work carried out in four different faciltiies, PARR-I Reactor, PARR-II Reactor, New Labs, and the Charged Particle Accelerator. The New Labs was dedicated to the production of the weapon grade plutonium of 239Pu
Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an isotope of plutonium. Plutonium-239 is the primary fissile isotope used for the production of nuclear weapons, although uranium-235 has also been used and is currently the secondary isotope. Plutonium-239 is also one of the three main isotopes demonstrated usable as fuel in...
. The PARR-II Reactor was dedicated to utilize ~90% 235U
Uranium-235
- References :* .* DOE Fundamentals handbook: Nuclear Physics and Reactor theory , .* A piece of U-235 the size of a grain of rice can produce energy equal to that contained in three tons of coal or fourteen barrels of oil. -External links:* * * one of the earliest articles on U-235 for the...
at a power level of 30kw.
In 1983, Nuclear Physics Group working under Ishfaq Ahmad
Ishfaq Ahmad
Ishfaq Ahmad , D.Sc., Minister of State, SI, HI, NI, FPAS, is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, and well-known educationist and academic from Pakistan...
successfully produced the 239Pu
Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an isotope of plutonium. Plutonium-239 is the primary fissile isotope used for the production of nuclear weapons, although uranium-235 has also been used and is currently the secondary isotope. Plutonium-239 is also one of the three main isotopes demonstrated usable as fuel in...
, a weapon grade plutonium. This Weapon-grade plutonium was later tested in Kirana Hills. Throughout the formulative year, the scientists and engineers at PINSTECH carried out technologically advanced research at Charged Particle Accelerator. In May 30 of 1998, the PAEC scientists and engineers had performed the second nuclear test—codename Chagai-II— of a fissionable device, and the device's weapon grade plutonium was produced at the New Labs. The research reactors at the institute were last upgraded by Munir Ahmad Khan — chairman of PAEC at that time — as he led both Electronics Division (ED) and Nuclear Engineering Division (NED) in 1989.
As of today, PINSTECH has been shifted to peacetime research in medicine, biology, materials and physics. Its Molybdenum-42
Molybdenum
Molybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
facility was used to medical radioisotopes for treating cancer. Scientists from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) had been using the PINSTECH facilities to conduc advanced research in both medical and food sciences.
Research
PINSTECH is the most advanced facility in the country having state of the art equipments and instruments for doing R & D work; therefore it remain an obvious choice for the students and researchers from all over Pakistan where they could find many important techniques under one roof. Recently the famous concept of centralized analysis facility has been utilized where a researcher can go and work with any piece of nuclear equipment that the researcher has been assigned. The Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL) and Central Analytical Facility (CAF) are the most potent facilities in Pakistan.PINSTECH promotes applications of radiation
ASTM C 1112
ASTM C 1112 is a standard Guide for Application of Radiation Monitors to the Control and Physical Security of Special Nuclear Material.This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials ASTM International and published in June 1999...
and isotope technology
Silex Process
SILEX is an acronym for Separation of Isotopes by Laser Excitation , a technology developed in the 1990s for isotope separation to produce enriched uranium using lasers....
in various scientific and technological disciplines to support the nation. It is also working on important non-nuclear fields, which are crucial for the development of science and technology
Science and technology
Science and technology is a term of art used to encompass the relationship between science and technology. It frequently appears within titles of academic disciplines and government offices.-See also:...
in the country.
Nuclear Reactors
PINSTECH also has particle accelerators and operates three small nuclear research reactorResearch reactor
Research reactors are nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source. They are also called non-power reactors, in contrast to power reactors that are used for electricity production, heat generation, or maritime propulsion.-Purpose:...
s based on:
- PARR-I Reactor-Utilize Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU)
- PARR-II Reactor-Utilize High-Enriched Uranium (HEU)
- PARR-III Reactor-Utilize the Plutonium reprocessing (PR).
- Charged Particle Accelerator- a nuclear particle accelerator.
Research Divisions
The PINSTECH four research directorates and each directorate is headed by an appointed Director-GeneralDirector-general
The term director-general is a title given the highest executive officer within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution.-European Union:...
s. The following PINSTECH Divisions are listed below:
Directorate of Science
Physics Research Division (RPD)The directorate of science consists of four division, and each divisions are headed by deputy director-generals. In 2004, the PINSTECH administration had brought together all of the groups, and were merged into one single Division, known as Physics Research Division (PRD). Meanwhile, the PINSTECH had also merged Nuclear Physics Division (NPD) and Radiation Physics Division (RPD), Nuclear and Applied Chemistry Divisions as well. The below is the list of research groups working in RPD.
- Atomic and Nuclear Radiation Group
- Fast Neutron Diffraction Group (FNDG)
- Electronic and Magnetic Materials Group (EMMG)
- Nuclear Track Studies Group
- Nuclear Geology Group
- Radiation Damage Group
- Mathematical Physics Group (MPG)
- Theoretical Physics Group (TPG)
Chemistry Research Division (CRD)
- Nuclear Chemistry Division (NCD) - The Nuclear Chemistry Division was founded in 1966 by dr. Iqbal Hussain Qureshi. As of today, the division is the largest Divisions of the PINSTECH comprising five major groups. Nuclear Chemistry Division has gained experience in the characterization of reactor grade and high purity materials by using advanced analytical techniques and it is dealing with environmental and health related problems.
- Applied Chemistry Division
- Laser Development Division
Directorate of System and Services
The Directorate of System and Services (DSS) consists of 5 research divisions that are listed below:- Health Physics Division (HPD) - The Health Physics Division (HPD) was established in 1965 by the small team of health physicists. Founded as a group, it was made a division of PINSTECH in 1966. The division heavily involves its research in medical physicsMedical physicsMedical physics is the application of physics to medicine. It generally concerns physics as applied to medical imaging and radiotherapy, although a medical physicist may also work in many other areas of healthcare...
and using nuclear technology in medical and agicultural sciences. - Nuclear Engineering Division (NED) - The Nuclear Engineering Division (NED) is one of the most prestigious and well-known Division of Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH). The Division was established in 1965 with the objective to develop technical expertise mainly in the area of Nuclear Reactor Technology. The NED has been used to provide technical assistance and training to the field of reactor technology.
- Electronics Division (ED) - The Electronics Division (ED) was formally established in 1967, recognizing its important role in scientific research and development at PINSTECH. The Division has rendered valuable service to the scientific effort by carrying out maintenance of scientific equipment and development of electronic instruments for use in research and development projects. In 1989, the ED was involved in the upgradation program of PARR-I Reactor led by PAEC chairman Munir Ahmad Khan. The ED had supplied and developed electronic material and system for the PARR-I Reactor, and had successfully converted PARR-I to utilize HEU fuel into LEU fuel. An outstanding achievement ED was the design and engineering of nuclear instrumentation of research reactor ( PARR-1) which required a very high degree of sophistication and reliability.
- General Services Division (GSD) - The General Services Division (GSD) is responsible for the routine operational research, maintenance repairments of the laboratories, upkeep and development of engineeringEngineeringEngineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
services such as civilCivil engineeringCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings...
, electricalElectrical engineeringElectrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...
, mechanical workshops, air conditionig a well as water supplyWater supplyWater supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavours or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes...
to PINSTECH and annexed labs.
- Computer Division (CD) - Computer Division (CD) was established in January 1980 with an aim to provide service and support to the researchers and scientists of PINSTECH in the area of computer hardware and software. Although computer division is still providing computer hardware and software services but it has gradually shifted its activities from being only a service provider division to an important design and development division.
Directorate of Technology
The Directorate of Technology (D-TECH) consists of 3 divisions that are Nuclear Materials Division (NMD), Radiation Isotope Application Division (RIAD), and the Isotope Production Division (IPD).- Nuclear Materials Division (NMD) - The Nuclear Materials Division (NMD) was established in 1973, with aim of to provide technical assistance to other PAEC's projects on development, production and characterization of materials.
- Radiation Isotope Application Division (RIAD) - The Radiation Isotope Application Division (RIAD) was established in PINSTECH by dr. Naeem Ahmad KhanNaeem Ahmad KhanNaeem Ahmad Khan , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and meteorologist, known for his work to the fields of Solid-state nuclear track detector and Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance...
in early 1971. Having known as the problem solver in the institute, the RIAD is responsible for solving the problems in Isotope Hydrolog, Environmental Pollution, Non-Destructive Testing, Industrial Applications, Life Sciences, and Isotope Geology. RIAD also extends expert services to solve relevant problems faced by the industrial sector and different organizations.
Directorate of Coordination
The Directorate of Coordination is an administrative directorate which consists of 3 administrative divisions. The Scientific Information Division (SID), Human Resource Development (HRD), and Management Information System (MIS), are included in this division.- Scientific Information Division (SID) - The Scientific Information Division (SID) was established in PINSTECH in 1966. It was upgraded into a full fledged division in 1984. SID is the central source of scientific and technical information not only for Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission but also for other scientific organizations and universities in the country and is responsible for the efficient acquisition, storage, retrieval and dissemination of Scientific and Technical information in support of the PAEC program.
User facilities
- Analytical Laboratories
- Charged Particle Accelerator
- Computer Oriented Services
- Corrosion Testing
- Environmental Studies Building
- Health Physics, Radiation Safety & Radioactive Waste Management
- Irradiation Laboratories
- Lasers Laboratory and Testing Facility
- Materials Development & Characterization
- Nuclear Geological Services
- Processing of Polymers
- Production of Radioisotopes & Radio-pharmaceuticals
- Radiation & Radioisotope Applications
- Repair & Maintenance of Electronic Equipment
- Scientific & Industrial Instruments
- Scientific Glass Blowing
- Scientific Information
- Technical Services & Collaboration
- Vacuum Technology Laboratory
- Vibration Analysis
Directors of PINSTECH
| Numbers | Name | Timeline of Directors | Alma Mater Alma mater Alma mater , pronounced ), was used in ancient Rome as a title for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and in Christianity for the Virgin Mary.-General term:... |
Field | Educational Background |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry Professor Dr. Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry or R. M. Chaudhry , FPAS HI, NI, SI, Skdt, was a Pakistani nuclear physicist and a professor of particle physics at the Government College University... |
1965- 1970 | University of Cambridge University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally... (Cavendish Laboratory Cavendish Laboratory The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences. It was opened in 1874 as a teaching laboratory.... ) |
Nuclear Physics Nuclear physics Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those... |
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 2 | Abdus Salam Abdus Salam Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the... |
1970-1971 | Imperial College | Theoretical Physics Theoretical physics Theoretical physics is a branch of physics which employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena... |
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 3 | Ishfaq Ahmad Ishfaq Ahmad Ishfaq Ahmad , D.Sc., Minister of State, SI, HI, NI, FPAS, is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, and well-known educationist and academic from Pakistan... |
1971-1976 | Université de Montréal Université de Montréal The Université de Montréal is a public francophone research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It comprises thirteen faculties, more than sixty departments and two affiliated schools: the École Polytechnique and HEC Montréal... (Montreal Laboratory Montreal Laboratory The Montreal Laboratory in Montreal, Quebec, Canada was established by the National Research Council of Canada to undertake nuclear research, and to take over some of the scientists and projects from the Tube Alloys nuclear project in Britain... ) |
Nuclear Physics Nuclear physics Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those... |
Doctor of Science Doctor of Science Doctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D... (D.Sc.) |
| 4 | Munir Ahmad Khan Munir Ahmad Khan Munir Ahmad Khan , HI, was a Pakistani nuclear engineer and a scientist who served as the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission from 1972 to 1991... |
1976-1977 | North Carolina State University North Carolina State University North Carolina State University at Raleigh is a public, coeducational, extensive research university located in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. Commonly known as NC State, the university is part of the University of North Carolina system and is a land, sea, and space grant institution... (Argonne National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory is the first science and engineering research national laboratory in the United States, receiving this designation on July 1, 1946. It is the largest national laboratory by size and scope in the Midwest... ) |
Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineering Nuclear engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of the breakdown as well as the fusion of atomic nuclei and/or the application of other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics... |
Master of Science Master of Science A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:... (M.Sc.) |
| 5 | Naeem Ahmad Khan | 1977-1984 | University of Manchester University of Manchester The University of Manchester is a public research university located in Manchester, United Kingdom. It is a "red brick" university and a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities and the N8 Group... |
Nuclear Physics Nuclear physics Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those... |
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 6 | Iqbal Hussain Qureshi | 1986-1991 | University of Tokyo University of Tokyo , abbreviated as , is a major research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculties with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most prestigious university... |
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties.It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides, radium and radon together with the chemistry associated with equipment which are designed to perform nuclear... |
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 7 | Noor Muhammad Butt Noor Muhammad Butt Noor Muhammad Butt , , , best known as "Dr. N. M. Butt", is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and an International Centre for Theoretical Physics laureate who received the ICTP Prize in 1970 and in 1979, in the honor of Dr... |
1991-1996 | University of Birmingham University of Birmingham The University of Birmingham is a British Redbrick university located in the city of Birmingham, England. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Birmingham Medical School and Mason Science College . Birmingham was the first Redbrick university to gain a charter and thus... |
Nuclear Physics Nuclear physics Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those... |
Doctor of Science Doctor of Science Doctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D... (D.Sc.) |
| 8 | Hameed Ahmad Khan | 1996-2000 | University of Birmingham University of Birmingham The University of Birmingham is a British Redbrick university located in the city of Birmingham, England. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Birmingham Medical School and Mason Science College . Birmingham was the first Redbrick university to gain a charter and thus... |
Nuclear Nuclear physics Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those... , Space Space physics Space physics, also known as space plasma physics, is the study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the universe. As such, it encompasses a far-ranging number of topics, including the sun, solar wind, planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres, auroras, cosmic rays, and synchrotron radiation... , and Reactor physics Nuclear reactor physics Nuclear reactor physics is the branch of science that deals with the study and application of chain reaction to induce controlled rate of fission for energy in reactors.... |
Doctor of Science Doctor of Science Doctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D... (D.Sc.) and Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 9 | Mustansar Jehangir | 2000-2005 | University of Birmingham University of Birmingham The University of Birmingham is a British Redbrick university located in the city of Birmingham, England. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Birmingham Medical School and Mason Science College . Birmingham was the first Redbrick university to gain a charter and thus... |
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties.It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides, radium and radon together with the chemistry associated with equipment which are designed to perform nuclear... |
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 10 | Masud Ahmad Masud Ahmad Muhammad Masud Ahmad, Born: 1942, known as Masood Ahmad, D.Phil, Sc.D, SI, HI , is a Pakistani theoretical physicist and ICTP laureate who is renowned for his work in Neutron t scattering... |
2005-2007 | Imperial College | Theoretical Physics Theoretical physics Theoretical physics is a branch of physics which employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena... |
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 11 | Ansar Pervaiz Ansar Pervaiz Dr. Ansar Pervaiz, also spelled as , Ph.D. HI, is a Pakistani scientist and a nuclear engineer who is the current chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission , and current chairman of the Board of Governors of International Atomic Energy Agency . Dr... |
2007–2010 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Stephen Van Rensselaer established the Rensselaer School on November 5, 1824 with a letter to the Rev. Dr. Samuel Blatchford, in which van Rensselaer asked Blatchford to serve as the first president. Within the letter he set down several orders of business. He appointed Amos Eaton as the school's... |
Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineering Nuclear engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of the breakdown as well as the fusion of atomic nuclei and/or the application of other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics... |
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities... (Ph.D) |
| 12 | Jamshed Hussain Zaidi | 2010–Present | Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.Founded in 1861 in... |
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties.It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides, radium and radon together with the chemistry associated with equipment which are designed to perform nuclear... |
Doctor of Science (Sc.D) Doctor of Science Doctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D... |