Pacific Coast Conference
Encyclopedia
The Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) was a college athletic conference in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 which existed from 1915 to 1959. Though the Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12) claims the PCC's history as part of its own, the older league had a completely different charter
Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified...

 and was disbanded in 1959 due to a major crisis and scandal. The name Pacific Coast Conference is now used by a San Diego area community college league established in 1982.

Established on December 2, 1915, its charter members were the University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...

, the University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Washington is a public research university, founded in 1861 in Seattle, Washington, United States. The UW is the largest university in the Northwest and the oldest public university on the West Coast. The university has three campuses, with its largest campus in the University...

, the University of Oregon
University of Oregon
-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...

, and Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University
Oregon State University
Oregon State University is a coeducational, public research university located in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. The university offers undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees and a multitude of research opportunities. There are more than 200 academic degree programs offered through the...

).

Conference members

  • University of California, Berkeley
    University of California, Berkeley
    The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...

     (1915–1959)
  • University of Oregon
    University of Oregon
    -Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...

     (1915–1959)
  • Oregon State College
    Oregon State University
    Oregon State University is a coeducational, public research university located in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. The university offers undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees and a multitude of research opportunities. There are more than 200 academic degree programs offered through the...

     (1915–1959)
  • University of Washington
    University of Washington
    University of Washington is a public research university, founded in 1861 in Seattle, Washington, United States. The UW is the largest university in the Northwest and the oldest public university on the West Coast. The university has three campuses, with its largest campus in the University...

     (1915–1959)
  • Washington State College
    Washington State University
    Washington State University is a public research university based in Pullman, Washington, in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. Founded in 1890, WSU is the state's original and largest land-grant university...

     (1917–1959)
  • Stanford University
    Stanford University
    The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...

     (1918–1959)
  • University of Idaho
    University of Idaho
    The University of Idaho is the State of Idaho's flagship and oldest public university, located in the rural city of Moscow in Latah County in the northern portion of the state...

     (1922–1959)
  • University of Southern California
    University of Southern California
    The University of Southern California is a private, not-for-profit, nonsectarian, research university located in Los Angeles, California, United States. USC was founded in 1880, making it California's oldest private research university...

     (1922–1959, suspended in 1924)
  • University of Montana (1924–1950)
  • University of California, Los Angeles
    University of California, Los Angeles
    The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university located in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, USA. It was founded in 1919 as the "Southern Branch" of the University of California and is the second oldest of the ten campuses...

     (1928–1959)

Before the crisis

Many people think of the Pac-12 today as a collection of six regional rivalries, but this fails to take into account the other campus animosities and state rivalries which defined the Pacific Coast Conference. There were tensions between California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

 and the Northwest
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the...

 schools. Edwin Pauley
Edwin W. Pauley
Edwin Wendell Pauley, Sr. was an American businessman and political leader.-Early life:Born in Indianapolis, Indiana to Elbert L...

, a regent of the University of California, disliked the member universities in the Pacific Northwest and advocated that the California institutions leave the Pacific Coast Conference to form a "California Conference." Among other complaints, he disdained the quality of education in the Oregon and Washington schools. Pauley felt that University of California
University of California
The University of California is a public university system in the U.S. state of California. Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, the University of California is a part of the state's three-tier public higher education system, which also includes the California State University...

 campuses deserved to play against colleges with comparably high academic standards.

The PCC had a history of being very strict with regards to its standards; it suspended the University of Southern California from the conference in 1924, performed a critical self-study in 1932, and a voluminous report was compiled by Edwin Atherton
Edwin Atherton
Edwin Newton Atherton was born in Washington D.C. and served as a Foreign Service Officer, BOI Agent, Private Investigator and later, appointed head of the college athletics organization, the Pacific Coast Conference in the 1940s.Atherton studied law at Georgetown University and was said to be a...

 in 1939. The PCC had a paid commissioner, an elaborate constitution, a formal code of conduct, and a system for reporting student-athlete eligibility.

Despite this, the conference was wracked by scandal in 1951. Charges were made and confirmed that University of Oregon
University of Oregon
-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...

 football coach Jim Aiken
Jim Aiken
-External links:* at College Basketball at Sports-Reference.com*...

 had violated the conference code for financial aid and athletic subsidies. After Aiken was compelled to resign, Oregon urged the PCC to look at similar abuses by UCLA football coach Red Sanders. The conference spent five years attempting to reform itself. In 1956, the scandal became public.

The crisis

The scandal first broke in Washington, when in January 1956, several discontented players staged a mutiny against their coach. After the coach was fired, the PCC followed up on charges of a slush fund. The PCC found evidence of the illegal activities of the Greater Washington Advertising Fund run by Roscoe C. "Torchy" Torrance, and in May imposed sanctions.

In March, allegations of illegal payments made by two booster clubs associated with UCLA, the Bruin Bench and the Young Men's Club of Westwood, were published in Los Angeles newspapers. UCLA refused for ten weeks to allow PCC officials to proceed in their investigation. Finally, UCLA admitted that, "all members of the football coaching staff had, for several years, known of the unsanctioned payments to student athletes and had cooperated with the booster club members or officers, who actually administered the program by actually referring student athletes to them for such aid." The scandal thickened as a UCLA alumnus and member of the UCLA athletic advisory board blew the whistle on a secret fund for illegal payments to Southern Cal players, known as the Southern California Educational Foundation. This same alumnus also blew the whistle on Cal's phony work program for athletes known as the San Francisco Gridiron Club, with an extension in the Los Angeles area known as the South Seas Fund.

Aftershocks and disbandment

The first major reaction came from the University of California system. Robert Sproul
Robert Gordon Sproul
Robert Gordon Sproul was eleventh President of the University of California serving from 1930 to 1958....

, president of the University of California, along with the chancellors of Berkeley and UCLA, drafted a "Five Point Plan", emphasizing academic eligibility standards, setting the two UC campuses apart from the PCC and laying the groundwork for their departure. For Sproul the PCC dispute was not just about athletics; at stake was the ideal of a unified University of California that enjoyed statewide support. This ideal collided with aspirations of UCLA alumni who believed that Sproul's vision would always favor the Berkeley campus at the expense of the younger UCLA campus.

Oregon State College president August Leroy Strand wrote, "The reasons for California and UCLA dropping out are as different as night and day... the significance of the whole affair was the union of Berkeley and UCLA... admissions and scholarship had nothing to do with the withdrawals . . . the marriage of this desire on the part of Berkeley with the known ambitions and necessities of its sister institution has produced a bastard that has the bard of a purebred but the innards and hair of a mongrel."

By 1957
1957 in sports
1957 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.-American football:* NFL Championship – Detroit Lions won 59-14 over the Cleveland Browns.*College football champions Auburn University-Association football:...

 the conference had fallen apart, leading to the decision to dissolve in 1959
1959 in sports
1959 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.-American football:* NFL Championship – Baltimore Colts won 31-16 over the New York Giants* August 14 - The American Football League is founded...

. Soon after the PCC was dissolved, five of its former members (California, Washington, UCLA, Southern Cal, and Stanford) created the Athletic Association of Western Universities. The new grouping inherited the PCC's automatic bid in the Rose Bowl. After initially being blocked from admission, three of the four remaining schools would eventually join (Washington State
Washington State University
Washington State University is a public research university based in Pullman, Washington, in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. Founded in 1890, WSU is the state's original and largest land-grant university...

 in 1962
1962 in sports
1962 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.-American football:* AFL Championship – Dallas Texans won 20-17 over the Houston Oilers in double overtime* NFL Championship – Green Bay Packers won 16-7 over the New York Giants...

, Oregon
University of Oregon
-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...

 and Oregon State
Oregon State University
Oregon State University is a coeducational, public research university located in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. The university offers undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees and a multitude of research opportunities. There are more than 200 academic degree programs offered through the...

 in 1964
1964 in sports
1964 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.-Alpine skiing:* Men's Olympic Gold Medal:** Downhill: Egon Zimmermann, Austria** Slalom: Josef Stiegler, Austria** Giant Slalom: François Bonlieu, France* Women's Olympic Gold Medal:...

), but members were not required to play other members. Tensions were high between UCLA and Stanford, as Stanford had voted for UCLA's expulsion from the PCC.

Idaho
University of Idaho
The University of Idaho is the State of Idaho's flagship and oldest public university, located in the rural city of Moscow in Latah County in the northern portion of the state...

, which was not involved in the scandals but had become noncompetitive in the PCC, was also barred from AAWU admittance in 1959. Unlike Washington State, Oregon and Oregon State, Idaho did not pursue AAWU admission, and competed as an independent before becoming a charter member of the Big Sky Conference
Big Sky Conference
The Big Sky Conference is an intercollegiate college athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I, with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision. The BSC was founded in 1963. Member institutions are located in the western United States in the states of Arizona,...

 in 1963
1963 in sports
1963 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.-American football:* January 29 – First inductees into the Pro Football Hall of Fame are announced* AFL Eastern Division Playoff – Boston Patriots win 26–8 over the Buffalo Bills...

. Idaho retains no strong connections to its PCC past, other than a continuing rivalry with neighboring Washington State; the two land grant
Land-grant university
Land-grant universities are institutions of higher education in the United States designated by each state to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890....

 campuses are just eight miles (13 km) apart on the Palouse
Palouse
The Palouse is a region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of southeastern Washington, north central Idaho and, in some definitions, extending south into northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes...

.

The AAWU eventually strengthened its bonds and became the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8), renaming itself in 1968
1968 in sports
1968 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.-Alpine skiing:* Alpine Skiing World Cup:** Men's overall champion: Jean-Claude Killy, France** Women's overall champion: Nancy Greene, Canada-American football:...

. By 1971, most Pac-8 schools played round-robin conference football schedules, and the two Oregon schools were again playing USC and UCLA on a regular basis. The conference added WAC
Western Athletic Conference
The Western Athletic Conference is an American collegiate athletic conference, which was formed on July 27, 1962, making it the sixth oldest of the 11 college athletic conferences currently participating in the NCAA's Division I FBS...

 powers Arizona
University of Arizona
The University of Arizona is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The University of Arizona was the first university in the state of Arizona, founded in 1885...

 and Arizona State
Arizona State University
Arizona State University is a public research university located in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area of the State of Arizona...

 in 1978
1978 in sports
1978 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.-Alpine skiing:* Alpine Skiing World Cup** Men's overall season champion: Ingemar Stenmark, Sweden** Women's overall season champion: Hanni Wenzel, Liechtenstein-American football:...

 and became the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10). On July 1, 2011, the conference added Colorado
University of Colorado at Boulder
The University of Colorado Boulder is a public research university located in Boulder, Colorado...

 from the Big 12
Big 12 Conference
The Big 12 Conference is a college athletic conference of ten schools located in the Central United States, with its headquarters located in Las Colinas, a community in the Dallas, Texas suburb of Irving...

 and Utah
University of Utah
The University of Utah, also known as the U or the U of U, is a public, coeducational research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest...

 from the Mountain West
Mountain West Conference
The Mountain West Conference , popularly known as the Mountain West, is the youngest of the college athletic conferences affiliated with the NCAA’s Division I FBS . The MWC officially began operations in July 1999...

 (also a former WAC member) and became the Pac-12. The Pac-12 claims the PCC's history as its own, though it operates under a separate charter.

Men's basketball

The Pacific Coast Conference began playing basketball in the 1915-16 season. The PCC was split into North and South Divisions for basketball beginning with the 1922-23 season. The winners of the two divisions would play a best of three series of games to determine the PCC basketball champion. If two division teams tied, they would have a one game playoff to produce the division representative. Starting with the first NCAA Men's Basketball Championship in 1939, the winner of the PCC divisional playoff was given the automatic berth in the NCAA tournament. Oregon, the 1939 PCC champion, won the championship game in the 1939 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament
1939 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament
-External links:* on Shrp Sports * , source for much of the information on this page.-See also:* 1939 NAIA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament...

.

The last divisional playoff was in the 1954-55 season. After that, there was no divisional play and all teams played each other in a round robin competition. From the 1955-56 season through the 1958-59 season, the regular season conference champion was awarded the NCAA tournament berth from the PCC. In the case of a tie, a tie breaker rule was used to determine the NCAA tournament representative.
Season Conference Champion (#) Tournament Champion (#)
1915-16 California (1)
Oregon State (1)
1916-17 Washington State (1)
1918-19 Oregon (1)
1919-20 Stanford (1)
1920-21 California (2)
Stanford (2)
1921-22 Idaho (1)
1922-23 Idaho (2)
1923-24 California (3)
1924-25 California (4)
1925-26 California (5)
1926-27 California (6)
1927-28 USC (1)
1928-29 California (7)
1929-30 USC (2)
1930-31 Washington (1)
1931-32 California (8)
1932-33 Oregon State (2)
1933-34 Washington (2)
1934-35 USC (3)
1935-36 Stanford (3)
1936-37 Stanford (4)
1937-38 Stanford (5)
1938-39 Oregon (2)
1939-40 USC (4)
1940-41 Washington State (2)
1941-42 Stanford (6)
1942-43 Washington (3)
1943-44 California (9)
Washington (4)
1944-45 Oregon (3)
UCLA (1)
1945-46 California (10)
1946-47 Oregon State (3)
1947-48 Washington (5)
1948-49 Oregon State (4)
1949-50 UCLA (2)
1950-51 Washington (6)
1951-52 UCLA (3)
1952-53 Washington (7)
1953-54 USC (5)
1954-55 Oregon State (5)
1955-56 UCLA (4)
1956-57 California (11)
1957-58 California (12)
Oregon State (6)
1958-59 California (13)

  • Bold Text denotes National Champion.

Football

Conf Ovrl
Year Conference Champion (#) W L T Pts Opp W L T
1916 *Oregon (1) 2 0 1 33 20 6 0 1
Washington (1) 3 0 1 62 10 6 0 1
1917 Washington State (1) 3 0 0 46 3 6 0 0
1918 California (1) 2 0 0 72 0 7 2 0
1919 *Oregon (2) 2 1 0 33 20 5 1 3
Washington (2) 2 1 0 33 31 5 1 0
1920 California (2) 3 0 0 104 7 9 0 0
1921 California (3) 4 0 0 167 10 9 0 1
1922 California (4) 4 0 0 146 7 9 0 0
1923 California (5) 5 0 0 66 7 9 0 1
1924 Stanford (1) 3 0 1 92 36 7 1 1
1925 Washington (3) 5 0 0 88 24 10 1 1
1926 Stanford (2) 4 0 0 112 40 10 0 1
1927 *Stanford (3) 4 0 1 78 32 8 2 1
USC (1) 4 0 1 99 38 8 1 1
1928 USC (2) 4 0 1 84 20 9 0 1
1929 USC (3) 6 1 0 258 29 10 2 0
1930 Washington State (2) 6 0 0 134 20 9 1 0
1931 USC (4) 7 0 0 259 13 10 1 0
1932 USC (5) 6 0 0 112 13 10 0 0
1933 Oregon (3) 4 1 0 45 29 9 1 0
*Stanford (4) 4 1 0 56 23 8 2 1
1934 Stanford (5) 5 0 0 93 7 9 1 1
1935 California (6) 4 1 0 55 22 9 1 0
*Stanford (6) 4 1 0 60 7 8 1 0
UCLA (1) 4 1 0 75 39 8 2 0
1936 Washington (4) 7 0 1 141 21 7 2 1
1937 California (7) 6 0 1 137 26 10 0 1
1938 California (8) 6 1 0 107 37 10 1 0
*USC (6) 6 1 0 131 36 9 2 0
1939 USC (7) 5 0 2 121 21 8 0 2
1940 Stanford (7) 7 0 0 141 66 10 0 0
1941 Oregon State (1) 7 2 0 123 33 8 2 0
1942 UCLA (2) 6 1 0 146 58 7 4 0
1943 USC (8) 5 0 0 95 13 8 2 0
1944 USC (9) 3 0 2 129 39 8 0 2
1945 USC (10) 5 1 0 107 43 7 4 0
1946 UCLA (3) 7 0 0 216 45 10 1 0
1947 USC (11) 6 0 0 147 20 7 2 1
1948 *California (9) 6 0 0 155 40 10 1 0
Oregon (4) 7 0 0 125 48 9 2 0
1949 California (10) 7 0 0 220 80 10 1 0
1950 California (11) 5 0 1 124 28 9 1 1
1951 Stanford (8) 6 1 0 152 101 9 2 0
1952 USC (12) 6 0 0 174 32 10 1 0
1953 UCLA (4) 6 1 0 172 41 8 2 0
1954 UCLA (5) 6 0 0 256 26 9 0 0
1955 UCLA (6) 6 0 0 197 37 9 2 0
1956 Oregon State (2) 6 1 1 152 104 7 3 1
1957 *Oregon (5) 6 2 0 124 81 7 4 0
Oregon State (3) 6 2 0 147 110 8 2 0
1958 California (12) 6 1 0 127 85 7 4 0


* Denotes PCC representative in Rose Bowl for shared conference championships

Co-champions vs Rose Bowl See page 137 of Pac-10 Handbook for explanation

Bold Denotes National Champion recognition

Baseball

Season Conference
1916 CAL
1917 CAL
1918 ORE
1919 WASH
1920 CAL
1921 CAL
1922 WASH
Season North South
1923 WASH CAL
Season Conference
1924 CAL
Season North South
1925 WASH STAN
1926 WASH CAL
Season North CIBA
1927 WSU STM
1928 ORE/WSU STM
1929 WASH CAL
1930 WASH USC
1931 WASH STAN
1932 WASH USC
1933 WSU CAL
1934 ORE CAL
1935 ORE CAL/USC
1936 WSU USC
1937 ORE CAL
1938 OSU/WSU CAL
1939 ORE USC/STM
1940 OSU STM
1941 ORE CAL/STM
1942 ORE USC
1943 ORE **CAL/USC
1944 WSU UCLA
1945 WSU CAL
1946 ORE USC
1947 WSU CAL/USC
1948 WSU USC*
1949 WSU USC*
1950 WSU* STAN
1951 OSU USC*
1952 OSU* USC
1953 ORE STAN*
1954 ORE* USC
1955 ORE USC*
1956 WSU* USC
1957 ORE CAL*/USC
1958 OSU USC*
1959 WASH USC*


*denotes Pacific Coast Conference playoff champion

**California won the CIBA Division 1 and USC won Division

2. Cal defeated USC in a playfoff for the CIBA title.

Bold indicates National Champion

See also

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