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Oxfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Encyclopedia
Oxfordshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons
of the Parliament of England
then of the Parliament of Great Britain
from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by two Members of Parliament
. In 1832 this was increased to three Members of Parliament. The constituency was abolished in 1885, being split into three single member divisions.
The bitterly contested Oxfordshire election of 1754
was the main inspiration for Hogarth's
famous series of paintings and engravings, The Election
.
of Oxfordshire
, in the northern part of South East England
. (Although Oxfordshire contained three parliamentary borough
s for part of this period – Oxford
(from 1295), Woodstock (or New Woodstock)
(1302–1555 and from 1571) and Banbury
(from 1554) – each of which elected MPs in their own right, these were not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the borough could confer a vote at the county election. The Oxford University
constituency was also often listed as an Oxfordshire constituency, but was non-territorial and had no effect on the right to vote in the county.)
There were minor boundary changes at the time of the Great Reform Act in 1832, when five parishes or parts of parishes were transferred to other counties while six parishes or parts of parishes were added.
In 1885 the representation of the county was changed from one three member constituency to three single member divisions. Banbury and Woodstock ceased to be parliamentary boroughs but the same names were used for two county divisions. The three new county constituencies were Banbury (or the North division)
; Woodstock (or the Mid division)
and Henley (or the South division)
.
Notes
electoral system was used in two seat elections and first past the post for single member by-elections. Each elector had as many votes as there were seats to be filled. Votes had to be cast by a spoken declaration, in public, at the hustings, which took place in Oxford
. The expense and difficulty of voting at only one location in the county, together with the lack of a secret ballot contributed to the corruption and intimidation of electors, which was widespread in the unreformed British political system.
The expense, to candidates and their supporters, of contested elections encouraged the leading families of the county to agree on the candidates to be returned unopposed whenever possible. Contested county elections were therefore unusual. The Tory Dukes of Marlborough, dominated the county from their seat at Blenheim Palace
. One seat was usually held by a Spencer, the other by a local family acceptable to the Duke. Between 1700 and 1826 there was only one contest.
Note on sources: The information for the election results given below is taken from Stooks Smith 1715–1754, Namier and Brooke 1754–1790 and Stooks Smith 1790–1832. From 1832 the principal source was Craig, with additional or different information from Stooks Smith included.
Note (1826): Stooks Smith records that the polls were open for three days
Note (1837): Stooks Smith was the source for the number of electors voting. He classified Norreys, Harcourt and Parker as Tories, with Stonor as a Whig.
Note (1852): The minimum possible turnout is estimated by dividing the number of votes cast by three. To the extent that electors did not use all their three possible votes the figure given will be an underestimate of the true turnout
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
of the Parliament of England
Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
then of the Parliament of Great Britain
Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland...
from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...
from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by two Members of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
. In 1832 this was increased to three Members of Parliament. The constituency was abolished in 1885, being split into three single member divisions.
The bitterly contested Oxfordshire election of 1754
Oxfordshire Election 1754
The Oxfordshire Election of 1754, part of the British general election of that year and involving the selection of two Members of Parliament to represent the Oxfordshire constituency, was probably the most notorious English county election of the 18th century...
was the main inspiration for Hogarth's
William Hogarth
William Hogarth was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic and editorial cartoonist who has been credited with pioneering western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects"...
famous series of paintings and engravings, The Election
Humours of an Election
The Humours of an Election is a series of four oil paintings and later engravings by William Hogarth that illustrate the election of a member of parliament in Oxfordshire in 1754. The oil paintings were created in 1755...
.
Boundaries
The constituency comprised the whole of the historic countyHistoric counties of England
The historic counties of England are subdivisions of England established for administration by the Normans and in most cases based on earlier Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and shires...
of Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire and Gloucestershire ....
, in the northern part of South East England
South East England
South East England is one of the nine official regions of England, designated in 1994 and adopted for statistical purposes in 1999. It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex...
. (Although Oxfordshire contained three parliamentary borough
Parliamentary borough
Parliamentary boroughs are a type of administrative division, usually covering urban areas, that are entitled to representation in a Parliament...
s for part of this period – Oxford
Oxford (UK Parliament constituency)
Oxford was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. It comprised the city of Oxford in the county of Oxfordshire, and elected two Members of Parliament from its creation in 1295 until 1881...
(from 1295), Woodstock (or New Woodstock)
Woodstock (UK Parliament constituency)
Woodstock, sometimes called New Woodstock, was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. It comprised the town of Woodstock in the county of Oxfordshire and the surrounding countryside and villages, and elected two Members of Parliament from its re-enfranchisement in 1553 until 1832...
(1302–1555 and from 1571) and Banbury
Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Banbury is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is a strongly Conservative seat.The constituency was created January 26, 1554 through the efforts of Henry Stafford and Thomas Denton...
(from 1554) – each of which elected MPs in their own right, these were not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the borough could confer a vote at the county election. The Oxford University
Oxford University (UK Parliament constituency)
Oxford University was a university constituency electing two members to the British House of Commons, from 1603 to 1950.-Boundaries, Electorate and Electoral System:...
constituency was also often listed as an Oxfordshire constituency, but was non-territorial and had no effect on the right to vote in the county.)
There were minor boundary changes at the time of the Great Reform Act in 1832, when five parishes or parts of parishes were transferred to other counties while six parishes or parts of parishes were added.
In 1885 the representation of the county was changed from one three member constituency to three single member divisions. Banbury and Woodstock ceased to be parliamentary boroughs but the same names were used for two county divisions. The three new county constituencies were Banbury (or the North division)
Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Banbury is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is a strongly Conservative seat.The constituency was created January 26, 1554 through the efforts of Henry Stafford and Thomas Denton...
; Woodstock (or the Mid division)
Woodstock (UK Parliament constituency)
Woodstock, sometimes called New Woodstock, was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. It comprised the town of Woodstock in the county of Oxfordshire and the surrounding countryside and villages, and elected two Members of Parliament from its re-enfranchisement in 1553 until 1832...
and Henley (or the South division)
Henley (UK Parliament constituency)
Henley is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It covers south Oxfordshire, including Henley-on-Thames. The constituency elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. It has long been a safe Conservative...
.
MPs 1290–1640
| Parliament | First member | Second member |
|---|---|---|
| 1316 | Richard de la Bere | |
| 1325 | Richard de la Bere | |
| 1377–1378 | Robert Simeon | |
| 1381 | Sir Thomas Blount | |
| 1386 | Sir Richard Adderbury | Sir Gilbert Wace |
| 1388 (Feb) | William Wilcotes | Thomas Barantyn |
| 1388 (Sep) | Sir Thomas de la Poyle | John Rede |
| 1390 (Jan) | William Wilcotes | Thomas Barantyn |
| 1390 (Nov) | Sir Thomas de la Poyle | Thomas Barantyn |
| 1391 | William Wilcotes | John Rede |
| 1393 | Sir Thomas Paynell | Thomas Barantyn |
| 1394 | William Wilcotes | John Adderbury |
| 1395 | William Wilcotes | William Bruley |
| 1397 (Jan) | John Adderbury | Thomas Barantyn |
| 1397 (Sep) | William Wilcotes | John Golafre |
| 1399 | John Wilcotes | Thomas Barantyn |
| 1401 | John Wilcotes | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
| 1402 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
Thomas Wykeham |
| 1404 (Jan) | Sir Peter Bessels | William Mackney |
| 1404 (Oct) | Sir John Drayton | John Wilcotes |
| 1406 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
John Wilcotes |
| 1407 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
John Wilcotes |
| 1410 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
William Wilcotes |
| 1411 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
? |
| 1413 (Feb) | ||
| 1413 (May) | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
John Wilcotes |
| 1414 (Apr) | Sir William Lisle | John Wilcotes |
| 1414 (Nov) | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
John Wilcotes |
| 1415 | ||
| 1416 (Mar) | Thomas Stonor | Sir Thomas Wykeham |
| 1416 (Oct) | ||
| 1417 | Sir William Lisle | John Wilcotes |
| 1419 | Thomas Stonor | John Wilcotes |
| 1420 | John Danvers | Richard Greville |
| 1421 (May) | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
John Wilcotes |
| 1421 (Dec) | John Danvers | Peter Fettiplace |
| 1423 | John Danvers | |
| 1425 | John Danvers | |
| 1510–1523 | No names known | |
| 1529 | Sir John Dauntesey | Sir William Barentyne |
| 1536 | ||
| 1539 | William Fermor | John Welsborne |
| 1542 | Sir John Williams | Edward __? |
| 1545 | ||
| 1547 | Sir John Williams | Richard Fiennes |
| 1553 (Mar) | Sir Andrew Dudley | Sir John Williams |
| 1553 (Oct) | Sir John Williams | John Pollard John Pollard (speaker) Sir John Pollard was a Speaker of the English House of Commons. He became Speaker in 1553 and he was knighted only a few weeks before his death.-Life:... |
| 1554 (Apr) | Sir Leonard Chamberlain | John Pollard John Pollard (speaker) Sir John Pollard was a Speaker of the English House of Commons. He became Speaker in 1553 and he was knighted only a few weeks before his death.-Life:... |
| 1554 (Nov) | Sir Leonard Chamberlain | John Pollard John Pollard (speaker) Sir John Pollard was a Speaker of the English House of Commons. He became Speaker in 1553 and he was knighted only a few weeks before his death.-Life:... |
| 1555 | Sir Thomas Wenman | Edmund Powell |
| 1558 | George Owen | Thomas Denton |
| 1559 (Jan) | Thomas Brydges | Edmund Ashfield |
| 1562 (Dec) | Sir Francis Knollys Francis Knollys (the elder) Sir Francis Knollys , of Greys Court, in Oxfordshire, KG was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I of England, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.... |
Sir Richard Blount, died and replaced 1566 by Edward Unton |
| 1571 | Sir Francis Knollys Francis Knollys (the elder) Sir Francis Knollys , of Greys Court, in Oxfordshire, KG was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I of England, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.... |
Henry Norris Henry Norris, 1st Baron Norreys Henry Norris , Baron Norris belonged to an old Berkshire family, many members of which had held positions at the English court. He was the son of Sir Henry Norreys, who was beheaded for his supposed adultery with Queen Anne Boleyn, and Mary Fiennes Henry Norris (or Norreys), Baron Norris (15257... |
| 1572 (Apr) | Sir Francis Knollys Francis Knollys (the elder) Sir Francis Knollys , of Greys Court, in Oxfordshire, KG was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I of England, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.... |
Henry Knollys Henry Knollys (MP) Henry Knollys was an English courtier, privateer and Member of Parliament.He was born the eldest son of Sir Francis Knollys, Treasurer of the Royal Household, and Catherine Carey, Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I... |
| 1584 (Nov) | Sir Francis Knollys Francis Knollys (the elder) Sir Francis Knollys , of Greys Court, in Oxfordshire, KG was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I of England, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.... |
William Knollys William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury Sir William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, KG, PC was an English nobleman at the court of Queen Elizabeth I and King James... |
| 1586 (Oct) | Sir Francis Knollys Francis Knollys (the elder) Sir Francis Knollys , of Greys Court, in Oxfordshire, KG was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I of England, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.... |
Richard Fiennes |
| 1588 | Sir Francis Knollys Francis Knollys (the elder) Sir Francis Knollys , of Greys Court, in Oxfordshire, KG was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I of England, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.... |
Sir John Norris |
| 1593 | Sir Francis Knollys Francis Knollys (the elder) Sir Francis Knollys , of Greys Court, in Oxfordshire, KG was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I of England, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.... |
Sir William Knollys William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury Sir William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, KG, PC was an English nobleman at the court of Queen Elizabeth I and King James... |
| 1597 (Sep) | Sir William Knollys William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury Sir William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, KG, PC was an English nobleman at the court of Queen Elizabeth I and King James... |
Sir Richard Wenman |
| 1601 (Sep) | Sir William Knollys William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury Sir William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, KG, PC was an English nobleman at the court of Queen Elizabeth I and King James... |
Ralph Warcoppe |
| 1604 | Lawrence Tanfield Lawrence Tanfield Sir Lawrence Tanfield was an English lawyer, politician and Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer.He was the eldest son of Robert Tanfield of Burford by his wife Wilgiford Fitzherbert and educated at Eton College and the Inner Temple... |
John Doyley |
| 1614 | Sir Anthony Cope, 1st Baronet Sir Anthony Cope, 1st Baronet -Life:He was a grandson of Anthony Cope the author. He was member of Parliament for Banbury in seven parliaments , and then represented Oxfordshire from 1606 until 1614... |
Sir John Croke John Croke Sir John Croke was Speaker of the English House of Commons between October–December 1601. He was a lawyer and judge by profession, and was Recorder of London... |
| 1621 | Sir Richard Wenman Richard Wenman, 1st Viscount Wenman Richard Wenman, 1st Viscount Wenman was an English soldier and Member of Parliament, with a title in the Peerage of Ireland.-Life:... |
Sir William Cope Sir William Cope, 2nd Baronet Sir William Cope, 2nd Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1604 an 1625.Cope was the son of Sir Anthony Cope, 1st Baronet of Hanwell, Oxfordshire and his first wife Frances Lytton. He was knighted by King James I at the Charterhouse on 11 May... |
| 1624 | Sir William Cope Sir William Cope, 2nd Baronet Sir William Cope, 2nd Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1604 an 1625.Cope was the son of Sir Anthony Cope, 1st Baronet of Hanwell, Oxfordshire and his first wife Frances Lytton. He was knighted by King James I at the Charterhouse on 11 May... |
Sir Henry Poole Henry Poole (died 1632) Sir Henry Poole was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1626.... |
| 1625 | Edward Wray | Sir Richard Wenman Richard Wenman, 1st Viscount Wenman Richard Wenman, 1st Viscount Wenman was an English soldier and Member of Parliament, with a title in the Peerage of Ireland.-Life:... |
| 1626 | Hon. James Fiennes James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1625 and 1660.... |
Sir Thomas Wenman Thomas Wenman, 2nd Viscount Wenman Thomas Wenman, 2nd Viscount Wenman , was an English landowner and politician.Wenman was the only son of Richard Wenman, 1st Viscount Wenman, by Agnes eldest surviving daughter of Sir George Fermor, of Easton Neston, Northamptonshire. He took part in the settlement of Ireland and was granted lands... |
| 1628 | Hon. James Fiennes James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1625 and 1660.... |
Sir Francis Wenman Francis Wenman Sir Francis Wenman was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1628 and 1640.Wenman was the son of Francis Wenman of Caswell, Oxfordshire who died in Ireland. He matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge as "Wainman" in Autumn 1615 and was knighted as "Wayneman" on 8 June 1618... |
| 1629–1640 | No Parliament | |
MPs 1640–1832
| Year | First member | First party | Second member | Second party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 1640 Short Parliament The Short Parliament was a Parliament of England that sat from 13 April to 5 May 1640 during the reign of King Charles I of England, so called because it lasted only three weeks.... |
Hon. James Fiennes James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1625 and 1660.... |
Parliamentarian | The Viscount Wenman Thomas Wenman, 2nd Viscount Wenman Thomas Wenman, 2nd Viscount Wenman , was an English landowner and politician.Wenman was the only son of Richard Wenman, 1st Viscount Wenman, by Agnes eldest surviving daughter of Sir George Fermor, of Easton Neston, Northamptonshire. He took part in the settlement of Ireland and was granted lands... |
Parliamentarian | ||
| November 1640 Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
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| December 1648 | Fiennes and Wenman excluded in Pride's Purge Pride's Purge Pride’s Purge is an event in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents... – both seats vacant |
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| Oxfordshire had 3 representatives in the nominated Barebones Parliament Barebones Parliament Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector... |
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| 1653 | Sir Charles Wolseley Sir Charles Wolseley, 2nd Baronet Sir Charles Wolseley, 2nd Baronet , of Wolseley in Staffordshire, was an English Member of Parliament who held high office during the Commonwealth.-Life:... , William Draper, Dr Jonathan Goddard |
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| Oxfordshire had 5 MPs in the First First Protectorate Parliament The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House.... and Second Second Protectorate Parliament The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons... Parliaments of the Protectorate |
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| 1654 First Protectorate Parliament The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House.... |
Robert Jenkinson Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654 to 1659.Jenkinson was the son of Sir Robert Jenkinson of Walcot, Oxfordshire and his wife Anna-Maria Lee, daughter of Sir Robert Lee of Billeslee... , Charles Fleetwood Charles Fleetwood Charles Fleetwood was an English Parliamentary soldier and politician, Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1652–55, where he enforced the Cromwellian Settlement. At the Restoration he was included in the Act of Indemnity as among the twenty liable to penalties other than capital, and was finally... , Colonel James Whitelocke, Nathaniel Fiennes Nathaniel Fiennes Nathaniel Fiennes was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1659... , William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
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| 1656 Second Protectorate Parliament The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons... |
Robert Jenkinson Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654 to 1659.Jenkinson was the son of Sir Robert Jenkinson of Walcot, Oxfordshire and his wife Anna-Maria Lee, daughter of Sir Robert Lee of Billeslee... , Lord Deputy Charles Fleetwood Charles Fleetwood Charles Fleetwood was an English Parliamentary soldier and politician, Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1652–55, where he enforced the Cromwellian Settlement. At the Restoration he was included in the Act of Indemnity as among the twenty liable to penalties other than capital, and was finally... , William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... , Miles Fleetwood Miles Fleetwood Sir Miles Fleetwood of Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire was receiver of the court of wards and politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1614 and 1641.Fleetwood was the son of Sir William Fleetwood Sir Miles Fleetwood of Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire ( died 8 March 1641) was receiver... , Sir Francis Norreys |
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| Representation reverted to two MPs in the Third Protectorate Parliament Third Protectorate Parliament The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons... |
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| January 1659 Third Protectorate Parliament The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons... |
Robert Jenkinson Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Jenkinson, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654 to 1659.Jenkinson was the son of Sir Robert Jenkinson of Walcot, Oxfordshire and his wife Anna-Maria Lee, daughter of Sir Robert Lee of Billeslee... |
The Viscount Falkland Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland was a Scottish nobleman and Member of the Parliament of England; the son of Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland.Cary inherited his title after his brother Lucius Cary died in 1649... |
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| May 1659 Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... |
Not represented in the restored Rump Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... |
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| April 1660 | The Viscount Wenman Thomas Wenman, 2nd Viscount Wenman Thomas Wenman, 2nd Viscount Wenman , was an English landowner and politician.Wenman was the only son of Richard Wenman, 1st Viscount Wenman, by Agnes eldest surviving daughter of Sir George Fermor, of Easton Neston, Northamptonshire. He took part in the settlement of Ireland and was granted lands... |
Hon. James Fiennes James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele James Fiennes, 2nd Viscount Saye and Sele was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1625 and 1660.... |
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| 1661 | The Viscount Falkland Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland was a Scottish nobleman and Member of the Parliament of England; the son of Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland.Cary inherited his title after his brother Lucius Cary died in 1649... |
Sir Anthony Cope Sir Anthony Cope, 4th Baronet Sir Anthony Cope, 4th Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1675.... |
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| 1663 | William Knollys | |||||
| 1664 | Sir Francis Wenman Sir Francis Wenman, 1st Baronet Sir Francis Wenman, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1664 to 1679.... |
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| 1675 | Sir Edward Norreys | |||||
| February 1679 | Sir John Cope | |||||
| August 1679 | Thomas Horde | |||||
| 1681 | Sir Philip Harcourt | |||||
| 1685 | The Viscount Falkland | Thomas Tipping Sir Thomas Tipping, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Tipping was a late 17th century English baronet and Member of Parliament.Sir Thomas was the second son, but tenth child, of Sir Thomas Tipping of Wheatfield Park in Oxfordshire by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir White Beconshaw of Moyles Court at Ellingham in Hampshire... |
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| 1689 | Sir Robert Jenkinson | Sir John Cope | ||||
| 1690 | Lord Norreys Montagu Venables-Bertie, 2nd Earl of Abingdon Montagu Venables-Bertie, 2nd Earl of Abingdon PC was an English nobleman. The eldest son of James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon and Eleanora Lee, he was styled Lord Norreys until he succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Abingdon on the latter's death on the 22 May 1699... |
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| 1699 | Sir Robert Dashwood | |||||
| 1701 | Sir Edward Norreys | |||||
| 1708 | Viscount Rialton Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin, PC was a British politician, styled Viscount Rialton between 1706 and 1712.-Biography:... |
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| February 1710 | Sir Robert Jenkinson | |||||
| October 1710 | Francis Clerke | |||||
| 1715 | James Herbert | |||||
| 1717 | Sir Banks Jenkinson | |||||
| 1721 | Henry Perrot | |||||
| 1727 | Sir William Stapleton | |||||
| January 1740 | Sir James Dashwood | |||||
| February 1740 | Viscount Quarendon George Lee, 3rd Earl of Lichfield George Henry Lee II, 3rd Earl of Lichfield PC was a British politician and peer. He was made a Privy Councillor and Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms in 1762, holding both honors until death... |
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| 1743 | Norreys Bertie | |||||
| 1754 | Viscount Parker Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield FRS , styled Viscount Parker between 1732 and 1764, was a British peer and politician.-Background:... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
Sir Edward Turner Sir Edward Turner, 2nd Baronet Sir Edward Turner, 2nd Baronet was one of the Turner Baronets of Ambrosden and a Member of Parliament.-Life:Turner was the son of Sir Edward Turner, 1st Baronet and his wife Mary. He received his early education at Bicester Grammar School. He went on to Balliol College, Oxford where he was noted... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1761 | Lord Charles Spencer Lord Charles Spencer Lord Charles Spencer PC was a British politician and courtier.-Background:Spencer was the second son of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, and the Hon. Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Trevor, 2nd Baron Trevor... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
Sir James Dashwood | Tory | ||
| 1768 | The Viscount Wenman Philip Wenman, 7th Viscount Wenman Philip Wenman, 7th Viscount Wenman , styled The Honourable Philip Wenman until 1760, was a British landowner and politician.... |
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| 1790 | Marquess of Blandford George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough FSA , styled Marquess of Blandford until 1817, was a British peer and collector of antiquities and books.-Background and education:... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1796 | Lord Charles Spencer Lord Charles Spencer Lord Charles Spencer PC was a British politician and courtier.-Background:Spencer was the second son of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, and the Hon. Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Trevor, 2nd Baron Trevor... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
John Fane John Fane (1751–1824) John Fane was a British Tory politician who represented Oxfordshire in eight successive Parliaments. He was also a magistrate and president of the Oxfordshire Agricultural Society.-Background:... |
Tory | ||
| 1801 | Lord Francis Spencer Francis Spencer, 1st Baron Churchill Francis Almeric Spencer, 1st Baron Churchill DCL FRS was a British peer and Whig politician.Born Lord Francis Almeric Spencer, he was the second son of the 4th Duke of Marlborough. On 25 November 1800, he married Lady Frances FitzRoy, a younger daughter of the 3rd Duke of Grafton... |
Tory | ||||
| 1815 | William Henry Ashurst | Tory | ||||
| 1824 by-election | John Fane John Fane (1775–1850) John Fane was a British Tory politician.-Background:A member of the Fane family headed by the Earl of Westmorland, Fane was the son of John Fane, of Wormsley, Oxfordshire, and Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Parker, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield.-Political career:Fane succeeded his father as Member... |
Tory | ||||
| 1830 United Kingdom general election, 1830 The 1830 United Kingdom general election, was triggered by the death of King George IV and produced the first parliament of the reign of his successor, William IV. Fought in the aftermath of the Swing Riots, it saw electoral reform become a major election issue... |
Lord Norreys Montagu Bertie, 6th Earl of Abingdon Montagu Bertie, 6th Earl of Abingdon was a British peer and politician. He was styled Lord Norreys from birth until acceding in 1854.-Background:... |
Tory | ||||
| 1831 United Kingdom general election, 1831 The 1831 general election in the United Kingdom saw a landslide win by supporters of electoral reform, which was the major election issue. As a result it was the last unreformed election, as the Parliament which resulted ensured the passage of the Reform Act 1832. Polling was held from 28 April to... |
George Granville Harcourt George Harcourt George Granville Harcourt was a British Whig and then Conservative Party politician.-Political career:... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
Richard Weyland Richard Weyland Richard Weyland was a British Whigpolitician.He was elected at the 1831 general election as a Member of Parliament both for Oxfordshire and for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. He chose to sit for Oxfordshire, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1837 general election.- External links :... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1832 United Kingdom general election, 1832 -Seats summary:-Parties and leaders at the general election:The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since 22 November 1830. His was the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806-1807.... |
Representation increased to three members | |||||
MPs 1832–1885
| Election | First member | First party | Second member | Second party | Third member | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1832 United Kingdom general election, 1832 -Seats summary:-Parties and leaders at the general election:The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since 22 November 1830. His was the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806-1807.... |
Lord Norreys Montagu Bertie, 6th Earl of Abingdon Montagu Bertie, 6th Earl of Abingdon was a British peer and politician. He was styled Lord Norreys from birth until acceding in 1854.-Background:... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
George Granville Harcourt George Harcourt George Granville Harcourt was a British Whig and then Conservative Party politician.-Political career:... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
Richard Weyland Richard Weyland Richard Weyland was a British Whigpolitician.He was elected at the 1831 general election as a Member of Parliament both for Oxfordshire and for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. He chose to sit for Oxfordshire, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1837 general election.- External links :... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1835 United Kingdom general election, 1835 The 1835 United Kingdom general election was called when Parliament was dissolved on 29 December 1834. Polling took place between 6 January and 6 February 1835, and the results saw Robert Peel's Conservatives make large gains from their low of the 1832 election, but the Whigs maintained a large... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1837 United Kingdom general election, 1837 The 1837 United Kingdom general election saw Robert Peel's Conservatives close further on the position of the Whigs, who won their fourth election of the decade.... |
Thomas Parker Thomas Parker, 6th Earl of Macclesfield Thomas Augustus Wolstenholme Parker, 6th Earl of Macclesfield was a British peer. Before inheriting the earldom, he sat in the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire from 1837 until 1841.... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1841 United Kingdom general election, 1841 -Seats summary:-Whig MPs who lost their seats:*Viscount Morpeth - Chief Secretary for Ireland*Sir George Strickland, Bt*Sir Henry Barron, 1st Baronet-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987... |
Joseph Warner Henley Joseph Warner Henley Joseph Warner Henley PC, DL, JP , often simply J. W. Henley, was a British Conservative politician, best known for serving in the protectionist governments of Lord Derby in the 1850s.-Political career:... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1852 United Kingdom general election, 1852 The July 1852 United Kingdom general election was a watershed election in the formation of the modern political parties of Britain. Following 1852, the Tory/Conservative party became, more completely, the party of the rural aristocracy, while the Whig/Liberal party became the party of the rising... |
John Sidney North | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1857 | Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1859 | Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1862 by-election | John Fane John Fane (1804–1875) Colonel John William Fane DL JP was a British Conservative politician.-Background:A member of the Fane family headed by the Earl of Westmorland, Fane was the son of John Fane, of Wormsley, Oxfordshire, and Elizabeth, daughter of William Lowndes-Stone-Norton.-Political career:Fane served as High... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1868 United Kingdom general election, 1868 The 1868 United Kingdom general election was the first after passage of the Reform Act 1867, which enfranchised many male householders, thus greatly increasing the number of men who could vote in elections in the United Kingdom... |
William Cornwallis Cartwright William Cornwallis Cartwright William Cornwallis Cartwright was an art collector, author and a Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1885-Biography:... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1878 by-election | Edward William Harcourt | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1885 United Kingdom general election, 1885 -Seats summary:-See also:*List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1885*Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918*Representation of the People Act 1884*Redistribution of Seats Act 1885-References:... |
Constituency abolished | ||||||||
Notes
Elections
The county franchise, from 1430, was held by the adult male owners of freehold land valued at 40 shillings or more. The bloc votePlurality-at-large voting
Plurality-at-large voting is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election...
electoral system was used in two seat elections and first past the post for single member by-elections. Each elector had as many votes as there were seats to be filled. Votes had to be cast by a spoken declaration, in public, at the hustings, which took place in Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
. The expense and difficulty of voting at only one location in the county, together with the lack of a secret ballot contributed to the corruption and intimidation of electors, which was widespread in the unreformed British political system.
The expense, to candidates and their supporters, of contested elections encouraged the leading families of the county to agree on the candidates to be returned unopposed whenever possible. Contested county elections were therefore unusual. The Tory Dukes of Marlborough, dominated the county from their seat at Blenheim Palace
Blenheim Palace
Blenheim Palace is a monumental country house situated in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, residence of the dukes of Marlborough. It is the only non-royal non-episcopal country house in England to hold the title of palace. The palace, one of England's largest houses, was built between...
. One seat was usually held by a Spencer, the other by a local family acceptable to the Duke. Between 1700 and 1826 there was only one contest.
Election results
Note on percentage change calculations: Where there was only one candidate of a party in successive elections, for the same number of seats, change is calculated on the party percentage vote. Where there was more than one candidate, in one or both successive elections for the same number of seats, then change is calculated on the individual percentage vote.Note on sources: The information for the election results given below is taken from Stooks Smith 1715–1754, Namier and Brooke 1754–1790 and Stooks Smith 1790–1832. From 1832 the principal source was Craig, with additional or different information from Stooks Smith included.
Election results 1715–1800
| 1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s |
Elections in the 1710s
- Death of Clerke
- Death of Jenkinson
Elections in the 1720s
- Death of Herbert
Elections in the 1730s
- Death of Stapleton
- Death of Perrot
Elections in the 1740s
- Succession of Quarendon to the peerage as The 3rd Earl of LichfieldEarl of LichfieldEarl of Lichfield is a title that has been created three times in British history. Lord Bernard Stewart, youngest son of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, was to be created Earl of Lichfield by Charles I for his actions at the battles of Newbury and Naseby but died before the creation could...
Elections in the 1750s
- Wenman was a Peer of Ireland. There was a double return (of all four candidates) after the most hotly contested county election of the century. The disputed election was decided by the House of Commons on petition, with Parker and Turner being declared duly elected on 23 April 1755.
Elections in the 1760s
- Seat vacated on Spencer being appointed Ranger of Windsor Forest.
- Seat vacated on Spencer being appointed Comptroller of the HouseholdComptroller of the HouseholdThe Comptroller of the Household is an ancient position in the English royal household, currently the second-ranking member of the Lord Steward's department, and often a cabinet member. He was an ex officio member of the Board of Green Cloth, until that body was abolished in the reform of the local...
.
- Note (April 1763): By-election in Stooks Smith, but not in Namier and Brooke.
- Wenman was a peer of Ireland
Elections in the 1770s
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Spencer as Treasurer of the Chamber
Elections in the 1780s
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Spencer as a Vice Treasurer of Ireland
Elections in the 1790s
Election results 1801–1885
| 1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s |
Elections in the 1800s
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Spencer as Postmaster General
Elections in the 1810s
- Creation of Spencer as 1st Baron Churchill
Elections in the 1820s
- Death of Fane
Note (1826): Stooks Smith records that the polls were open for three days
Elections in the 1830s
- Note (1831): Stooks Smith records that the polls were open for three days
- Representation increased to three seats under the Reform Act 1832Reform Act 1832The Representation of the People Act 1832 was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of England and Wales...
- Note (1832): Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt and Weyland as Whig candidates and Norreys as a Tory
- Note (1835): For this election Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt and Norreys as Tory candidates and Weyland as a Whig. He records the number of registered electors as 5,164 instead of the number given by Craig used above.
Note (1837): Stooks Smith was the source for the number of electors voting. He classified Norreys, Harcourt and Parker as Tories, with Stonor as a Whig.
Elections in the 1840s
- Note (1841): Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt, Henley and Norreys as Tories. He records the number of registered electors as 5,721 instead of the number given by Craig used above.
- Note (1847): Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt, Henley and Norreys as Tories.
Elections in the 1850s
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Henley as President of the Board of Trade
Note (1852): The minimum possible turnout is estimated by dividing the number of votes cast by three. To the extent that electors did not use all their three possible votes the figure given will be an underestimate of the true turnout
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Henley as President of the Board of Trade
Elections in the 1860s
- Death of Harcourt
- The Reform Act 1867Reform Act 1867The Representation of the People Act 1867, 30 & 31 Vict. c. 102 was a piece of British legislation that enfranchised the urban male working class in England and Wales....
expanded the electorate and introduced the limited vote for three seat constituencies (reducing the maximum number of votes per elector from three to two).
Elections in the 1870s
- Seat vacated on the resignation of Henley
Elections in the 1880s
- Electorate expanded by the Representation of the People Act 1884Representation of the People Act 1884In the United Kingdom, the Representation of the People Act 1884 and the Redistribution Act of the following year were laws which further extended the suffrage in Britain after the Disraeli Government's Reform Act 1867...
and constituency split into single member divisions by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885Redistribution of Seats Act 1885The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House of Commons, introducing the concept of equally populated constituencies, in an attempt to equalise representation across...
, with effect from the United Kingdom general election, 1885United Kingdom general election, 1885-Seats summary:-See also:*List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1885*Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918*Representation of the People Act 1884*Redistribution of Seats Act 1885-References:...
.