Ottoman–Venetian maritime treaty (1416)
Encyclopedia
The Ottoman–Venetian maritime treaty of 1416 was signed between Ottoman Empire
and Republic of Venice
, ending a short conflict between the two powers and stipulating the rules maritime trade between them.
Sultanate of Rum
, four Anatolian beyliks in west Anatolia
(namely Karasi, Aydin, Sarukhan and Mentese) had become minor sea powers in the Aegean Sea
in the early 14th century. However, towards the end of that century, they were annexed by the rising Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans commandeered their fleets and enrolled their captains. With this enlarged navy, the Ottomans proved to be a serious threat to Venetian domination in the Aegean. Although the three of the beyliks regained their independence during Temur
's campaign for a brief duration, they weren't able to acquire their past fleets.
In 1415, shortly after Ottoman interregnum
, Venice sent 10 galleys to the Sea of Marmara
, under the command of Pietro Loredan
, to check the Ottoman fleet. With some reinforcements from the Aegean islands (most of which were dominions of Venice) this fleet began controlling Marmara. In a clash on 14 May 1416, the Venician fleet defeated the Ottoman fleet, killing its admiral Çalı Bey. Loredan then also tried to capture the Ottoman port of Lapseki
, but this time he was repelled and forced to withdraw.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
, ending a short conflict between the two powers and stipulating the rules maritime trade between them.
Background
After the collapse of the SeljukGreat Seljuq Empire
The Great Seljuq Empire was a medieval Persianate, Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks. The Seljuq Empire controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf...
Sultanate of Rum
Sultanate of Rûm
The Sultanate of Rum , also known as the Anatolian Seljuk State , was a Turkic state centered in in Anatolia, with capitals first at İznik and then at Konya. Since the court of the sultanate was highly mobile, cities like Kayseri and Sivas also functioned at times as capitals...
, four Anatolian beyliks in west Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
(namely Karasi, Aydin, Sarukhan and Mentese) had become minor sea powers in the Aegean Sea
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea[p] is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus...
in the early 14th century. However, towards the end of that century, they were annexed by the rising Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans commandeered their fleets and enrolled their captains. With this enlarged navy, the Ottomans proved to be a serious threat to Venetian domination in the Aegean. Although the three of the beyliks regained their independence during Temur
Temur
Temur or Timur refer to Iron in Mongolic languages.People:*Mongke Temur , khan of the Golden Horde.*Temur Khan , Khagan of the Mongol Empire and ruler of the Yuan Dynasty....
's campaign for a brief duration, they weren't able to acquire their past fleets.
In 1415, shortly after Ottoman interregnum
Ottoman Interregnum
The Ottoman Interregnum began in 20 July 1402, when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I by the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur...
, Venice sent 10 galleys to the Sea of Marmara
Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black...
, under the command of Pietro Loredan
Pietro Loredan
Pietro Loredan was a Venetian nobleman and admiral.Loredan was responsible for making Venice a dominant power in northeastern Italy in the 15th century. His first great victory was over the Ottoman Turks near Gallipoli in June 1416. He later triumphed over rival Genoa near Rapallo in 1431...
, to check the Ottoman fleet. With some reinforcements from the Aegean islands (most of which were dominions of Venice) this fleet began controlling Marmara. In a clash on 14 May 1416, the Venician fleet defeated the Ottoman fleet, killing its admiral Çalı Bey. Loredan then also tried to capture the Ottoman port of Lapseki
Lapseki
Lapseki is a town and district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. As of 2010, it has a population of 10,889. The mayor is Gani Mehmet Ekim .The district of Lapseki is famous for its cherries; a cherry festival is held annually in this town.-History:...
, but this time he was repelled and forced to withdraw.
Treaty
Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus volunteered to be the mediator, and the two sides agreed on the following:- Prisoners of war were released.
- Both sides promised to combat piracy.
- Venice was given trade concessions in the Ottoman Empire