Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Encyclopedia
Otto, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Grubenhagen) (1320 – 1 December 1398) was the fourth and last husband of Joan I of Naples
. He also held the title of Prince of Taranto nicknamed as Otto the Tarantine.
.
In 1353, he married his first wife Violante of Vilaragut
, a daughter of Berengar de Villaragut and widow of James III of Majorca
. There were no children from this marriage. By 1372, Otto was a widower.
On 25 September 1376, Otto married his second wife Queen regnant
Joan I of Naples
. The groom was fifty-six years old and the bride about forty-eight. He became King consort
but again there were no children.
The so-called Western Schism
started in 1378 with the election of two rival Pope
s, Urban VI
of Rome
and Clement VII of Avignon
. Joan supported Clement VII and allied herself with his main supporter Charles V of France
. With no further hope of having natural children of her own, Joan chose to strengthen her alliance with France by adopting Louis of Anjou
, younger brother of Charles V, as her heir.
Urban VI proceeded to have Joan proclaimed deposed in 1381. He named her second cousin Charles of Durazzo
as his candidate for the supposedly vacant throne. Charles spend the following months gathering his army within Kingdom of Hungary
and then marched against the Kingdom of Naples
. Otto led the Neapolitan army in battle but was defeated.
Otto was exiled from Naples and would never return. Joan was strangled in prison in the Castle of San Fele
on 12 May 1382. Charles of Durazzo became King Charles III of Naples
while Louis of Anjou became a rival candidate for his throne.
Otto survived Joan by at least sixteen years but never remarried. He died childless at Foggia
and was succeeded by his first cousin, once removed Erich, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, previously Duke of Einbeck
.
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Joan I of Naples
Joan I , born Joanna of Anjou, was Queen of Naples from 1343 until her death. She was also Countess of Provence and Forcalquier, Queen consort of Majorca and titular Queen of Jerusalem and Sicily 1343–82, and Princess of Achaea 1373/5–81....
. He also held the title of Prince of Taranto nicknamed as Otto the Tarantine.
Biography
He was the eldest son of Henry II (c. 1289 - 1351) and his first wife Jutta of BrandenburgMargraviate of Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
.
In 1353, he married his first wife Violante of Vilaragut
Violante of Vilaragut
Violante of Vilaragut was a daughter of Berengeur de Vilaragut and his second wife Saura of Majorca, who was an illegitimate daughter of James II of Majorca. Violante was Titular queen consort of Majorca by her marriage to her cousin James III of Majorca.-Life:The marriage contract was signed on...
, a daughter of Berengar de Villaragut and widow of James III of Majorca
James III of Majorca
James III , called the Rash or the Unfortunate, son of Ferdinand of Majorca and Isabelle de Sabran, heiress of Principality of Achaea, was the King of Majorca from 1324 to 1344. He was the last independent king of Majorca of the House of Barcelona.James was born at Catania...
. There were no children from this marriage. By 1372, Otto was a widower.
On 25 September 1376, Otto married his second wife Queen regnant
Queen regnant
A queen regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king. An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire....
Joan I of Naples
Joan I of Naples
Joan I , born Joanna of Anjou, was Queen of Naples from 1343 until her death. She was also Countess of Provence and Forcalquier, Queen consort of Majorca and titular Queen of Jerusalem and Sicily 1343–82, and Princess of Achaea 1373/5–81....
. The groom was fifty-six years old and the bride about forty-eight. He became King consort
King consort
King consort is an alternative title to the more usual "prince consort" - which is a position given in some monarchies to the husband of a reigning queen. It is a symbolic title only, the sole constitutional function of the holder being similar to a prince consort, which is the male equivalent of a...
but again there were no children.
The so-called Western Schism
Western Schism
The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. Two men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance . The simultaneous claims to the papal chair...
started in 1378 with the election of two rival Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
s, Urban VI
Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI , born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389.-Biography:Born in Itri, he was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. On March 21, 1364, he was consecrated Archbishop of Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples...
of Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
and Clement VII of Avignon
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
. Joan supported Clement VII and allied herself with his main supporter Charles V of France
Charles V of France
Charles V , called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380 and a member of the House of Valois...
. With no further hope of having natural children of her own, Joan chose to strengthen her alliance with France by adopting Louis of Anjou
Louis I of Naples
Louis I of Anjou , or Louis I of Naples, was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg...
, younger brother of Charles V, as her heir.
Urban VI proceeded to have Joan proclaimed deposed in 1381. He named her second cousin Charles of Durazzo
Charles III of Naples
Charles the Short or Charles of Durazzo was King of Naples and titular King of Jerusalem from 1382 to 1386 as Charles III, and King of Hungary from 1385 to 1386 as Charles II. In 1382 Charles created the order of Argonauts of Saint Nicholas...
as his candidate for the supposedly vacant throne. Charles spend the following months gathering his army within Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
and then marched against the Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of...
. Otto led the Neapolitan army in battle but was defeated.
Otto was exiled from Naples and would never return. Joan was strangled in prison in the Castle of San Fele
San Fele
San Felè is a town and comune in the province of Potenza in the Basilicata region of Italy.-Geography:It is bounded by the comuni of Atella, Bella, Castelgrande, Filiano, Muro Lucano, Rapone and Ruvo del Monte.-History:...
on 12 May 1382. Charles of Durazzo became King Charles III of Naples
Charles III of Naples
Charles the Short or Charles of Durazzo was King of Naples and titular King of Jerusalem from 1382 to 1386 as Charles III, and King of Hungary from 1385 to 1386 as Charles II. In 1382 Charles created the order of Argonauts of Saint Nicholas...
while Louis of Anjou became a rival candidate for his throne.
Otto survived Joan by at least sixteen years but never remarried. He died childless at Foggia
Foggia
Foggia is a city and comune of Apulia, Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".-History:...
and was succeeded by his first cousin, once removed Erich, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, previously Duke of Einbeck
Einbeck
Einbeck is a town in the district Northeim, in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.-Economy:Einbeck is famous for its 600 year old beer brewery, home of Einbecker Bier, the origin for the term Bock beer...
.
External links
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