Odawara Domain
Encyclopedia
Han (Japan)
The or domain was the name of the estate belonging to a warrior in Japan after the 17th century. The fiefs of the daimyos of the samurai class of Japan during the Edo period were called han.-Edo period:...
of the Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
, located in western Sagami Province
Sagami Province
was an old province in the area that is today the central and western Kanagawa prefecture. It was sometimes called . Sagami bordered on Izu, Musashi, Suruga provinces; and had access to the Pacific Ocean through Sagami Bay...
(modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture
Kanagawa Prefecture
is a prefecture located in the southern Kantō region of Japan. The capital is Yokohama. Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area.-History:The prefecture has some archaeological sites going back to the Jōmon period...
). It was centered on Odawara Castle
Odawara Castle
is a landmark in the city of Odawara in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.-History:Odawara was a stronghold of the Doi clan during the Kamakura period, and a fortified residence was built by their collateral branch, the Kobayakawa clan stood on the approximate site of the present castle...
in what is now the city of Odawara
Odawara, Kanagawa
is a city located in western Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 198,466 with a population density of 1,740 persons per km² . The total area was .-Geography:...
.
History
Following the defeat of the Late Hōjō clanLate Hojo clan
The ' was one of the most powerful warrior clans in Japan in the Sengoku period and held domains primarily in the Kantō region.The clan is traditionally reckoned to be started by Ise Shinkurō, who came from a branch of the prestigious Ise clan, a family in the direct employment of the Ashikaga...
in the Battle of Odawara by the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
was a daimyo warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period. He unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle...
in 1590, their vast territories in the Kantō region
Kanto region
The is a geographical area of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. The region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Chiba, and Kanagawa. Within its boundaries, slightly more than 40 percent of the land area is the Kantō Plain....
were assigned to Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan , which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but...
. Ieyasu selected Edo
Edo
, also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868...
to be the headquarters of his new domains, and assigned his close retainer, Ōkubo Tadayo
Okubo Tadayo
was a samurai general in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, subsequently becoming a daimyō in early Edo period , Japan.Ōkubo Tadayo was the eldest son of Ōkubo Tadakazu, a hereditary retainer of the Tokugawa clan...
to rebuild Odawara Castle
Odawara Castle
is a landmark in the city of Odawara in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.-History:Odawara was a stronghold of the Doi clan during the Kamakura period, and a fortified residence was built by their collateral branch, the Kobayakawa clan stood on the approximate site of the present castle...
and to rule as a daimyō
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
over the strategically important post town
Shukuba
were post stations during the Edo period in Japan, generally located on one of the Edo Five Routes or one of its sub-routes. They were also called shukueki . These post stations were places where travelers could rest on their journey around the nation...
and to guard the approaches to Edo from the west via the Hakone Pass. Ōkubo Tadayo’s territory included 147 villages in Ashigarakami
Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa
is an administrative district of Japan located in western Kanagawa Prefecture. Most of the mountainous district is sparsely populated, and is part of the Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park.-History:...
and Ashigarashimo
Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa
is an administrative district of Japan located in western Kanagawa Prefecture. Most of the mountainous district is sparsely populated, and is part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.- Towns and villages :*Hakone*Yugawara*Manazuru-History:...
districts with total revenues of 40,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
. His son Tadachika
Okubo Tadachika
was daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province in early Edo period, Japan.Ōkubo Tadachika was the son of Ōkubo Tadayo, a hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa clan in what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi. He entered into service as a samurai frm age 11, and took his first head in battle at...
served in the Tokugawa shogunate
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
as a rōjū
Roju
The ', usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council as a whole; under the first two shoguns, there were only two Rōjū...
and had his revenues increased by 20,000 koku with additional territories in Musashi Province
Musashi Province
was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo Prefecture, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was sometimes called . The province encompassed Kawasaki and Yokohama...
.
The domain then passed to Abe Masatsugu
Abe Masatsugu
was a daimyō in early Edo period, Japan.Abe Masatsugu was the eldest son of Abe Masakatsu, one of the hereditary retainers of Tokugawa Ieyasu. He was born in Mikawa Province. In 1600, on his father's death, he became head of the Abe clan, and inherited his father's 5,000 koku holding in Hatogaya,...
, former castellan
Castellan
A castellan was the governor or captain of a castle. The word stems from the Latin Castellanus, derived from castellum "castle". Also known as a constable.-Duties:...
of Otaki Castle
Ōtaki Castle
was a flatland castle located in Echizen, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The site of the castle is now the Ōtaki Shrine, a shrine to Kawakami Gozen, the Japanese goddess of papermaking.- References :*http://www.geocities.jp/hokuriku1970/ootaki.html...
in Shimosa Province. After a four year tenure, he was transferred to Iwatsuki Domain
Iwatsuki Domain
The ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. Located in Musashi Province , it was headquartered in Iwatsuki Castle.-List of daimyo:*Kōriki clan #Kiyonaga#Masanaga#Tadafusa...
in Musashi and was replaced at Odawara by Inaba Masakatsu
Inaba Masakatsu
was a daimyō of early Edo period, Japan, who ruled Kakioka and Mōka , and was finally transferred to Odawara Domain in Sagami Province.-Biography:...
, formerly of Masaoka Domain in Shimotsuke Province
Shimotsuke Province
is an old province of Japan in the area of Tochigi Prefecture in the Kanto region. It was sometimes called or .The ancient capital of the province was near the city of Tochigi, but in feudal times the main center of the province was near the modern capital, Utsunomiya.-History:Different parts of...
. Masashige was the son of 3rd Tokugawa Shōgun
Shogun
A was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...
Iemitsu
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Iemitsu ruled from 1623 to 1651.-Early life :...
’s wet nurse
Wet nurse
A wet nurse is a woman who is used to breast feed and care for another's child. Wet nurses are used when the mother is unable or chooses not to nurse the child herself. Wet-nursed children may be known as "milk-siblings", and in some cultures the families are linked by a special relationship of...
Kasuga no Tsubone and played an important role in the Tokugawa administration
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
. His two sons ruled Odawara after his death, before being transferred to Takada Domain
Takada Domain
, also known as Takata domain, was an Edo period fiefdom in Echigo province. The region is located south of modern Niigata, which is the capital city of today's Niigata Prefecture....
in Echigo Province
Echigo Province
was an old province in north-central Japan, on the shores of the Sea of Japan. It was sometimes called , with Echizen and Etchū Provinces. Today the area is part of Niigata Prefecture, which also includes the island which was the old Sado Province. This province was the northernmost part of the...
.
Odawara then reverted to the Ōkubo clan, when Ōkubo Tadatomo
Ōkubo Tadatomo
was a daimyō in early Edo period , Japan. He was assigned by the Tokugawa shogunate to Karatsu Domain, Sakura Domain, and finally to Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, , where his descendants remained until the Meiji Restoration....
was transferred from Sakura Domain
Sakura Domain
was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Shimōsa Province , Japan. It was centered on Sakura Castle in what is now part of the city of Sakura...
in Kazusa Province
Kazusa Province
was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture. It lies on in the middle of the Bōsō Peninsula , whose name takes its first kanji from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was or .Kazusa is classified as one of the...
. Tadatomo was the great-great-grandson of Ōkubo Tadayo, and the domain remained in the hands of his descendants until the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration
The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868...
.
In 1707, the Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji
Hoei eruption of Mount Fuji
The started on December 16, 1707 and ended about January 1, 1708 during the Edo period. Although it brought no lava flow, the Hoei eruption released some 800 million cubic meters of volcanic ash, which spread over vast areas around the volcano, even reaching Edo almost 100 km away...
devastated much of the lands of the domain, and much of the original domain became tenryō under direct control of the Shōgunate, with Odawara Domain compensated by equivalent lands in other parts of Sagami, Musashi, Harima
Harima Province
or Banshu was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tamba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces. Its capital was Himeji....
and Izu Province
Izu Province
was a province of Japan in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture. Izu bordered on Sagami and Suruga Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was .The mainland portion of Izu Province, comprising the Izu Peninsula is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture and the Izu Islands are now part of...
.
During the Bakumatsu period, the Shōgunate relied on troops from Odawara to maintain a guard on the increasing foreign presence in Izu Peninsula
Izu Peninsula
The is a large mountainous peninsula with deeply indented coasts to the west of Tokyo on the Pacific coast of the island of Honshū, Japan. Formerly the eponymous Izu Province, Izu peninsula is now a part of Shizuoka Prefecture...
, particularly Shimoda
Shimoda, Shizuoka
is a city and port in Shizuoka, Japan.As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 25,054 and a population density of 242 persons per square kilometer...
and Heda
Heda, Shizuoka
was a village located in Tagata District, Shizuoka, Japan on the Suruga Bay coast of Izu Peninsula. Stunning views of Mount Fuji can be seen from the village, which is a popular resort....
.
After the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration
The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868...
, the final daimyō of Odawara, Ōkubo Tadayoshi
Ōkubo Tadayoshi (II)
was the 10th and final daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, in Bakumatsu period Japan. Before the Meiji Restoration, his courtesy title was Kaga no Kami.-Biography:...
surrendered his domain to the new Meiji government without resistance. After the abolition of the han system
Abolition of the han system
The was an act, in 1871, of the new Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to replace the traditional feudal domain system and to introduce centralized government authority . This process marked the culmination of the Meiji Restoration in that all daimyo were required to return their authority...
in July 1871, Odawara Domain became “Odawara Prefecture”, which merged with “Ogino-Yamanaka Prefecture” and part of “Niirayama Prefecture” in September 1871. In November of the same year, it merged into the short-lived Ashigara Prefecture.
List of daimyō
- Ōkubo clanOkubo clanThe were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence in the Sengoku period and the Edo periods. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ōkubo, as hereditary vassels of the Tokugawa clan, were classified as one of the fudai daimyō clans....
(fudai) 1590-1614# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1590–1594 unknown unknown 45,000 koku 2 1594–1614 Sagami-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku
- Abe clanAbe clanThe was one of the oldest of the major Japanese clans ; and the clan retained its prominence during the Sengoku period and the Edo period. The clan's origin is said to be one of the original clans of the Yamato people; they truly gained prominence during the Heian period , and experienced a...
(fudai) 1619-1623# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1619–1623 Bitchu-no-kami Lower 4th (従四位下) 50,000 koku
- Inaba clanInaba clanThe were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence during the Sengoku and Edo periods. In the Edo period, the Inaba were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama .-Clan branches:The fudai...
(fudai) 1632-1685# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1632–1634 Tango-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 85,000 koku 2 1634–1683 Mimasaka-no-kami Lower 4th (従四位下) 85,000->102,000 koku 3 1683–1685 Tango-no-kami; Jiju Lower 4th (従四位下) 102,000 koku
- Ōkubo clanOkubo clanThe were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence in the Sengoku period and the Edo periods. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ōkubo, as hereditary vassels of the Tokugawa clan, were classified as one of the fudai daimyō clans....
(fudai) 1686-1871# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1590–1594 Kaga-no-kami; Jiju Lower 4th (従四位下) 103,000->113,000 koku 2 1698–1713 Kaga-no-kami Lower 4th (従四位下) 113,000 koku 3 1713–1732 Kaga-no-kami Lower 4th (従四位下) 113,000 koku 4 1732–1763 Okura Daiyu Lower 4th (従四位下) 113,000 koku 5 1763–1769 Kaga-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 113,000 koku 6 1769–1796 Gon-Dainagon Lower 5th (従五位下) 113,000 koku 7 1796–1837 Kaga-no-kami; Jiju Lower 4th (従四位下) 113,000 koku 8 1837–1859 Kaga-no-kami Lower 4th (従四位下) 113,000 koku 9 1859–1868 Kaga-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 113,000 koku 10 1868–1871 Kaga-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 113,000 koku