Octave Crouzon
Encyclopedia
Octave Crouzon, full name Louis Edouard Octave Crouzon (1874-1938) was a French neurologist
who was born in Paris
. He received his doctorate from the University of Paris
where he studied under famous physicians such as Paul Georges Dieulafoy
(1839-1911), Joseph Babinski
(1857-1932) and Pierre Marie (1853-1940). During his medical career he was associated with the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
and Salpêtrière Hospital.
Crouzon specialized in hereditary neurological diseases, especially spinocerebellar ataxia
. He also did extensive work involving spinal disorders, as well as chronic rheumatic
and arthritic
disorders. Crouzon was the first to describe a condition he called "craniofacial dysostosis", which is a genetic branchial arch
disorder that results in abnormal facial features. Today this condition is known as Crouzon's syndrome.
For his entire career, Crouzon was interested in psychology
, particularly in the work of Pierre Janet
(1859-1947), whom Crouzon considered a major influence, and who is considered by many as the "founder of psychoanalysis
".
Neurologist
A neurologist is a physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders.Neurology is the medical specialty related to the human nervous system. The nervous system encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. A specialist...
who was born in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. He received his doctorate from the University of Paris
University of Paris
The University of Paris was a university located in Paris, France and one of the earliest to be established in Europe. It was founded in the mid 12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1250...
where he studied under famous physicians such as Paul Georges Dieulafoy
Paul Georges Dieulafoy
Paul Georges Dieulafoy was a French physician and surgeon. He is best known for his study of acute appendicitis and his description of Dieulafoy's lesion, a rare cause of gastric bleeding.-Life, studies, and career:...
(1839-1911), Joseph Babinski
Joseph Babinski
Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski was a French neurologist of Polish descent. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathological plantar reflex indicative of corticospinal tract damage....
(1857-1932) and Pierre Marie (1853-1940). During his medical career he was associated with the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
The Hôtel-Dieu de Paris is regarded as the oldest hospital in the city of Paris, France, and is the most central of the Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris hospitals. The hospital is linked to the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes...
and Salpêtrière Hospital.
Crouzon specialized in hereditary neurological diseases, especially spinocerebellar ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxia is a progressive, degenerative, genetic disease with multiple types, each of which could be considered a disease in its own right.-Classification:...
. He also did extensive work involving spinal disorders, as well as chronic rheumatic
Rheumatism
Rheumatism or rheumatic disorder is a non-specific term for medical problems affecting the joints and connective tissue. The study of, and therapeutic interventions in, such disorders is called rheumatology.-Terminology:...
and arthritic
Arthritis
Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints....
disorders. Crouzon was the first to describe a condition he called "craniofacial dysostosis", which is a genetic branchial arch
Branchial arch
In the development of vertebrate animals, the pharyngeal arches are anlage for a multitude of structures. In humans, they develop during the fourth week in utero as a series of mesodermal outpouchings on the left and right sides of the developing pharynx...
disorder that results in abnormal facial features. Today this condition is known as Crouzon's syndrome.
For his entire career, Crouzon was interested in psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
, particularly in the work of Pierre Janet
Pierre Janet
Pierre Marie Félix Janet was a pioneering French psychologist, philosopher and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory....
(1859-1947), whom Crouzon considered a major influence, and who is considered by many as the "founder of psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a psychological theory developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions, mostly by some of Freud's former students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav...
".
Partial bibliography
- Dysostose cranio-faciale héréditaire. Bulletin de la Société des Médecins des Hôpitaux de Paris, 1912.
- Une nouvelle famille atteinte de dysostose cranio-faciale héréditaire. Archives de médecine des enfants, Paris, 1915.