Nyandomsky District
Encyclopedia
Nyandomsky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-one
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nyandomsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast
and borders with Plesetsky District in the north and west, Shenkursky District
in the east, Velsky District
in the southeast, Konoshsky District in the south, and Kargopolsky District in the southwest. Its administrative center is the town of Nyandoma. District's population: Population of Nyandoma accounts for 73.9% of the district's population.
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
. It was always a remote part of Kargopol lands with sparse population. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known from 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate
). In 1727, it was transferred to the newly established Novgorod Governorate
. After a number of administrative reforms, Kargopolsky Uyezd became one of the four uyezds of the newly established Olonets Governorate
. In 1894, the decision was taken on the railroad construction from Vologda to Arkhangelsk. It was decided that the railroad would take the shortest route, which means it bypasses Kargopol
and traverses the current territory of Nyandomsky District. In 1896, Nyandoma was founded as a railway station.
On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, the governorates merged into Northern Krai
, and Nyandomsky District was established among others. It became a part of Nyandoma Okrug, one of the five in Northern Krai. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district became subordinate to the central administration of Northern Krai. For a short period in the 1930s, the district absorbed some of the areas of abolished Konoshsky District, but in 1935 Konoshsky District was reestablished, and the areas were ceded to it. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Nyandomsky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
. The Mosha River
, a right tributary of the Onega, has its source in Lake Bolshoye Moshenskoye in the southeast of the district and flows northwest dividing the district in two roughly equal parts. The areas in the west of the district drain into the Voloshka River
, also a right tributary of the Onega. Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the river basins of the left tributaries of the Vaga River
- the Vel
, the Padenga, and the Led
. An area in the north of the district belongs to the basin of the Mekhrenga River
, a right tributary of the Yemtsa. There are many lakes in the district, the biggest of them is Lake Nimengskoye, which belongs to the river basin of the Voloshka.
The major part of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
). There are many swamp
s in the area.
s and one town
(Nyandoma). One locality which previously had urban-type settlement
status (Shalakusha), was downgraded to a rural locality in 2005. The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk, with Kargopol
. Another paved road, in the southern direction, connects Nyandoma with Konosha
.
Nyandoma is located on the railway line between Moscow
and Arkhangelsk
(built in the south-north direction), and as a matter of fact was founded in 1896 as a railway station and was only granted town status in 1939.
The only state museum in the district is the House of Nyan, in Nyandoma.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-one
Administrative divisions of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Administratively, Arkhangelsk Oblast is divided into six cities and towns of oblast significance, twenty-one districts, and two island territories . Besides, Mirny is a town under the federal government management....
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nyandomsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Plesetsky District in the north and west, Shenkursky District
Shenkursky District
Shenkursky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal District...
in the east, Velsky District
Velsky District
Velsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Velsky Municipal District...
in the southeast, Konoshsky District in the south, and Kargopolsky District in the southwest. Its administrative center is the town of Nyandoma. District's population: Population of Nyandoma accounts for 73.9% of the district's population.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. It was always a remote part of Kargopol lands with sparse population. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known from 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate , or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1708–1927....
). In 1727, it was transferred to the newly established Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate , or Government of Novgorod, was a governorate of the Russian Empire.The governorate was established in 1727 from Belozersk, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, and Velikiye Luki Provinces of the St. Petersburg Governorate and existed until 1927, when its territory was included into...
. After a number of administrative reforms, Kargopolsky Uyezd became one of the four uyezds of the newly established Olonets Governorate
Olonets Governorate
The Olonets Governorate or Government of Olonets was a guberniya of north-western Imperial Russia, extending from Lake Ladoga almost to the White Sea, bounded W. by Finland, N. and E. by Arkhangelsk and Vologda, and S. by Novgorod and St. Petersburg...
. In 1894, the decision was taken on the railroad construction from Vologda to Arkhangelsk. It was decided that the railroad would take the shortest route, which means it bypasses Kargopol
Kargopol
-Culture and recreation:Today, Kargopol is a sleepy historical town adjoining the Kenozyorsky National Park. It is best known in Russia for Kargopol toys , which are small, simple clay figures painted in traditional style....
and traverses the current territory of Nyandomsky District. In 1896, Nyandoma was founded as a railway station.
On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, the governorates merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, and Nyandomsky District was established among others. It became a part of Nyandoma Okrug, one of the five in Northern Krai. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district became subordinate to the central administration of Northern Krai. For a short period in the 1930s, the district absorbed some of the areas of abolished Konoshsky District, but in 1935 Konoshsky District was reestablished, and the areas were ceded to it. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Nyandomsky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
Location and geography
The major part of the district belongs to the basin of the Onega RiverOnega River
The Onega is a river in Kargopolsky, Plesetsky, and Onezhsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. The Onega connects Lake Lacha with the Onega Bay in the White Sea southwest of Arkhangelsk, flowing in the northern direction. The discharge at the source is and at the mouth is . The river is ...
. The Mosha River
Mosha River
The Mosha is a river in Plesetsky and Nyandomsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Onega River. It is long, and the area of its basin . The main tributaries of the Mosha are Iksa River , Lim River , Lepsha River , and Lelma River...
, a right tributary of the Onega, has its source in Lake Bolshoye Moshenskoye in the southeast of the district and flows northwest dividing the district in two roughly equal parts. The areas in the west of the district drain into the Voloshka River
Voloshka River
The Voloshka is a river in Konoshsky and Kargopolsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Onega River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
, also a right tributary of the Onega. Minor areas in the east of the district belong to the river basins of the left tributaries of the Vaga River
Vaga River
The Vaga is a river in Totemsky, Syamzhensky, and Verkhovazhsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Velsky, Shenkursky, and Vinogradovsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left and the biggest tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The length of the river is . The area of its basin...
- the Vel
Vel River (Arkhangelsk Oblast)
The Vel is a river in Konoshsky and Velsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Vaga River. It is long, and the area of its basin . Its average discharge is...
, the Padenga, and the Led
Led River
The Led is a river in Plesetsky and Shenkursky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Vaga River. It is long, and the area of its basin . Its main tributary is the Tarnya ....
. An area in the north of the district belongs to the basin of the Mekhrenga River
Mekhrenga River
The Mekhrenga is a river in Plesetsky and Kholmogorsky Districts and in the town of Mirny of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Yemtsa River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
, a right tributary of the Yemtsa. There are many lakes in the district, the biggest of them is Lake Nimengskoye, which belongs to the river basin of the Voloshka.
The major part of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
Taiga
Taiga , also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States and is known as the Northwoods...
). There are many swamp
Swamp
A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. A swamp generally has a large number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp...
s in the area.
Administrative divisions
Administratively, the district is divided into eight selsovietSelsoviet
Selsoviet is a shortened name for a rural council. The full names for the term are, in , , . Selsoviets were the lowest level of administrative division in rural areas in the Soviet Union...
s and one town
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
(Nyandoma). One locality which previously had urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
status (Shalakusha), was downgraded to a rural locality in 2005. The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
- Andreyevsky (Andreyevskaya);
- Burachikhinsky (Burachikhinskaya);
- Lepshinsky (Stupinskaya);
- Limsky (Navolok);
- Moshinsky (Makarovskaya);
- Shalakushsky (Shalakusha);
- Shozhemsky (Shestiozersky);
- Voyezersky (Gridino).
Municipal divisions
Municipally, the district is divided into one urban settlement and two rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):- Nyandomskoye Urban Settlement (Nyandoma);
- Moshinskoye Rural Settlement (Makarovskaya);
- Shalakushskoye Rural Settlement (Shalakusha).
Industry
The most important industry in the district is timber industry. Food industry is also presentTransport
Nyandoma is on the paved road connecting Dolmatovo, which is on one of the principal highways in Russia, M8M8 highway (Russia)
The Russian route M8, also known as the Kholmogory Highway or Yaroslavl highway, is a major trunk road that links Moscow to the Russian North in general and the sea harbour of Arkhangelsk in particular...
connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk, with Kargopol
Kargopol
-Culture and recreation:Today, Kargopol is a sleepy historical town adjoining the Kenozyorsky National Park. It is best known in Russia for Kargopol toys , which are small, simple clay figures painted in traditional style....
. Another paved road, in the southern direction, connects Nyandoma with Konosha
Konosha
Konosha is an urban locality Konosha is an urban locality Konosha is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Konoshsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Konosha River, south of Arkhangelsk. It also serves as the administrative center of...
.
Nyandoma is located on the railway line between Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
(built in the south-north direction), and as a matter of fact was founded in 1896 as a railway station and was only granted town status in 1939.
Culture and recreation
The district contains thirty-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. Most of these are chapels and wooden rural houses built prior to 1917.The only state museum in the district is the House of Nyan, in Nyandoma.