Nishi-Ohira Domain
Encyclopedia
was a Japanese domain
of the Edo period
, located in Nukata District
Mikawa Province
(part of modern-day Aichi Prefecture
), Japan
. It was centered on what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi
.
, the famous magistrate who had served the 9th Tokugawa Shogun
, Tokugawa Yoshimune
, and who had successfully carried out the Kyōhō Reforms
received an additional 4,000 koku
in revenue on his promotion to Sōshaban
in 1748. This put him over the 10,000 koku requirement to be styled as daimyō
, and he received the newly created fief of Nishi-Ōhira as his domain. However, he never relocated to his new territory, and resided in Edo
to his death in 1757.
Nishi-Ōhira Domain was not a single contiguous territory, but consisted of several widely scattered holdings: in addition to 12 villages in Nukata District, the territory consisted of 5 villages in Kamo District, 5 villages in Hoi District, 2 villages in Omi District in Mikawa, 3 villages in Ichihara District, Kazusa Province
and the original 2 villages of the Ōoka clan in Kōza District
, Sagami Province
.
The domain was inherited by Ōoka Tadasuke’s heirs after his death, but it was not until 1748, during the tenure of his grandson, Ōoka Tadatsune, that a jin'ya
fortified residence was built in Nishi-Ōhira to be the nominal capital of the domain. Due to its special relationship with the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ōoka clan was one of the few clans exempted from the sankin kōtai
regulations, and lived in their Edo residence full time. The graves of all of the daimyō of Nishi-Ōhira are located at the Ōoka clan temple of Jōken-ji in Chigasaki, Kanagawa
.
During the Bakumatsu period, Nishi-Ōhira remained loyal to the Tokugawa shogunate, but after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi
in the Boshin War
, capitulated to the new Meiji government. After the abolition of the han system
in July 1871, it became “Nishi-Ōhira Prefecture”, which later became part of Aichi Prefecture.
Han (Japan)
The or domain was the name of the estate belonging to a warrior in Japan after the 17th century. The fiefs of the daimyos of the samurai class of Japan during the Edo period were called han.-Edo period:...
of the Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
, located in Nukata District
Nukata District, Aichi
is a rural district located in central Aichi, Japan. As a result of various consolidations and mergers of municipalities, most of the district was incorporated into the cities of Okazaki and Toyota, and now consists of only the town of Kōta....
Mikawa Province
Mikawa Province
is an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. It was sometimes called . Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces....
(part of modern-day Aichi Prefecture
Aichi Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region. The region of Aichi is also known as the Tōkai region. The capital is Nagoya. It is the focus of the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area.- History :...
), Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. It was centered on what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi
Okazaki, Aichi
is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of August 2011, the city had an estimated population of 373,339 and a population density of 964 persons per km². The total area was 387.24 km².-Geography:...
.
History
Ōoka TadasukeOoka Tadasuke
was a Japanese samurai in the service of the Tokugawa shogunate. During the reign of Tokugawa Yoshimune, as a magistrate of Edo, his roles included chief of police, judge and jury, and Yamada Magistrate prior to his tenure as South Magistrate of Edo...
, the famous magistrate who had served the 9th Tokugawa Shogun
Shogun
A was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...
, Tokugawa Yoshimune
Tokugawa Yoshimune
was the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.-Lineage:...
, and who had successfully carried out the Kyōhō Reforms
Kyoho Reforms
The were an array of economic policies introduced by the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1736 Japan. These reforms were instigated by the eighth Tokugawa shogun of Japan, Tokugawa Yoshimune, encompassing the first twenty years of his shogunate....
received an additional 4,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
in revenue on his promotion to Sōshaban
Sōshaban
were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Conventional interpretations have construed this Japanese title as "master of ceremonies."...
in 1748. This put him over the 10,000 koku requirement to be styled as daimyō
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
, and he received the newly created fief of Nishi-Ōhira as his domain. However, he never relocated to his new territory, and resided in Edo
Edo
, also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868...
to his death in 1757.
Nishi-Ōhira Domain was not a single contiguous territory, but consisted of several widely scattered holdings: in addition to 12 villages in Nukata District, the territory consisted of 5 villages in Kamo District, 5 villages in Hoi District, 2 villages in Omi District in Mikawa, 3 villages in Ichihara District, Kazusa Province
Kazusa Province
was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture. It lies on in the middle of the Bōsō Peninsula , whose name takes its first kanji from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was or .Kazusa is classified as one of the...
and the original 2 villages of the Ōoka clan in Kōza District
Koza District, Kanagawa
is an administrative district of Japan located in central Kanagawa Prefecture. It currently consists of only one town, Samukawa.- History :Kōza District was one of the ancient subdivisions of Sagami Province, extending from Sagami Bay north to the border of Musashi Province between the Sagami River...
, Sagami Province
Sagami Province
was an old province in the area that is today the central and western Kanagawa prefecture. It was sometimes called . Sagami bordered on Izu, Musashi, Suruga provinces; and had access to the Pacific Ocean through Sagami Bay...
.
The domain was inherited by Ōoka Tadasuke’s heirs after his death, but it was not until 1748, during the tenure of his grandson, Ōoka Tadatsune, that a jin'ya
Jin'ya
During the Edo period of Japanese history, a was the administrative headquarters of a small domain or parcel of land held by the Tokugawa shogunate, as well as the residence of the head of the administration, and the associated grain storehouse. While larger domains had castles, certain smaller...
fortified residence was built in Nishi-Ōhira to be the nominal capital of the domain. Due to its special relationship with the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ōoka clan was one of the few clans exempted from the sankin kōtai
Sankin kotai
was a policy of the shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history. The purpose was to control the daimyo. In adopting the policy, the shogunate was continuing and refining similar policies of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In 1635, a law required sankin kōtai, which was already an established...
regulations, and lived in their Edo residence full time. The graves of all of the daimyō of Nishi-Ōhira are located at the Ōoka clan temple of Jōken-ji in Chigasaki, Kanagawa
Chigasaki, Kanagawa
is a city located in central, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 234,400 and a density of 6,540 persons per km²...
.
During the Bakumatsu period, Nishi-Ōhira remained loyal to the Tokugawa shogunate, but after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi
Battle of Toba-Fushimi
The occurred between pro-Imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan. The battle started on 27 January 1868 , when the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and the allied forces of Chōshū, Satsuma and Tosa domains clashed near Fushimi...
in the Boshin War
Boshin War
The was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court....
, capitulated to the new Meiji government. After the abolition of the han system
Abolition of the han system
The was an act, in 1871, of the new Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to replace the traditional feudal domain system and to introduce centralized government authority . This process marked the culmination of the Meiji Restoration in that all daimyo were required to return their authority...
in July 1871, it became “Nishi-Ōhira Prefecture”, which later became part of Aichi Prefecture.
List of daimyō
- Ōoka clanŌoka clanThe were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence in the Edo period. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ōoka, as hereditary vassels of the Tokugawa clan, were classified as one of the fudai daimyō clans...
(fudai) 1748-1871# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1748–1751 Echizen-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku 2 1755–1766 Echizen-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku 3 1766–1784 Noto-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku 4 1784–1786 Echizen-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 13,000 koku 5 1786–1828 Echizen-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku 6 1828–1857 Echizen-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku 7 1857–1871 Echizen-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku