Nil Darpan
Encyclopedia
Nil Durpan is a Bengali
play written by Dinabandhu Mitra
in 1858-1859. The play was essential to Nilbidraha, or Indigo revolt
of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields as a protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj
. It was also essential to the development of theater in Bengal
and influenced Girish Chandra Ghosh
, who, in 1872, would establish The National Theatre in Calcutta (Kolkata
) where the first ever play commercially staged was Nildarpan.
It was evident from this wish that its a piece meant to raise a voice among the elite intellectuals of Kolkata
so that the farmers revolt will be integrated with the urban
thinkers. Unlike the Sepoy Revolt, Nilbidraha is effectively a revolt integrating the whole population of Bengalis with no distance kept between the several classes of society, which can be attributed to the effort by Mitra and Rev. James Long
and Michael Madhusudan Dutt
.
Indian Literature
has a long standing tradition of drama writing. Almost for a millennium the only form of literature other than odes
was drama. The distinction of the genre
of Sanskrit Drama
by the luminaries like Kalidasa
were strong enough to keep the millions absorbed for centuries. But it was coming at a dwan by the mid 1800 in Bengal
where the Bengal Renaissance
say the rise in western education and ideas, and therefore the styles of new forms of literature were seeping in. For example Ram Narayan Tarkaratna (1823–1885) had already left the Sanskrit
tradition and started writing about social realism.
The drama is markedly different from the earlier dramasof that period, notably the first modern drama written in Bengali by Ram Narayan stil had the old sadhu bhasa
the artificial sanskritised dialect of modern Bengali as the writing medium.
The characters in the drama are the villagers and the indigo planters who got the money and the law in their hand.
NOBIN MADHAB, son of Goluk Chunder Basu(নবীন মধব, গোলক বসুর বড় ছেলে)
BINDU MADHAB, son of Goluk Chunder Basu (বিন্দু মাধব, গোলক বসুর ছোট ছেলে)
SADHU CHURN A neighbouring Ryot (সাধু চরণ, গোলকের প্রতিবেশি রাইয়ত)
RAY CHURN Sadhu'a brother. (সাধু চরণের ছোট ভাই)
Gopi Nath, The Dewan. (গোপীনাথ, নীলকরের দেওয়ান)
Torap, A heroic figure.(তোরাপ, একজন প্রতিবাদী চরিত্র)
Indiqo Planters. নীলকর
J. J. WOOD (জ়ে জ়ে ঊড, প্রধান নীলকর)
P. P. ROSE J (পি পি রোগ, উডের ছেলে)
THE AJVIIN OR LAND MEASURER. (জমির পরিমাপকারী)
AMIN KHALASI, a Tent-pitcher. (আমিন খালাসী, নীল সংগ্রাহক)
TAIDGIR Native Superintendent of Indigo Cultivation.
Magistrate, Amla, Attorney, Deputy Inspector, Pundit,
Keeper of the Gaol, Doctor, a Cow-keeper, a Native Doctor,
Four Boys, a Latyal or Club-man, and a Herdsman.
WOMEN (মহিলা চরিত্রসমূহ)
SABITRI Wife of Goluk Chunder. (সাবিত্রী, গোলক বসুর স্ত্রী)
SOIRINDRI Wife of Nobin. (সৌরিন্দ্রী, নবীন মাধবের স্ত্রী)
SARALOTA Wife of Bindu Madhab. (সরলতা, বিন্দু মাধবের স্ত্রী)
REBOTI Wife of Sadhu Churn. (রেবতী, সাধু চরণের স্ত্রী)
KHETROMANI Daughter of Sadhu+Reboti. (ক্ষেত্রমনি, সাধুচরণ+রেবতীর মেয়ে)
ADURI Maid-servant in Goluk Chunder's house. (আদুরি, গোলকের বাড়ির কাজের মেয়ে)
PODI MOYRANI A Sweetmeat Maker. (পদী ময়রানী, বিনোদনকারিনী)
and Girish Chandra Ghosh
. It was also important in development of the chalit bhasa, or colloquial dialect, which is free of the Sanskrit
influenced Sadhu bhasa
.
The play, Nil Durpan, dealt with the upheaval between the Indigo planters and Indian Rioters in different parts of Bengal, Bihar and U.P. This conflict gave rise to the rift and division between the different classes of the society and between the different sections of the Government as well.
After the discussion, Seton-Karr asked Long to arrange for a translation of the play in English. Michael Madhusudan Dutta translated it under the supervision of Long. Long as the editor cut out some coarse passages and wrote a short prefatory note for the play. When the translation was complete, Seton-Karr ordered printing of five hundred copies in lieu of Grant’s wish of a few copies. Then Long sent the translated manuscripts to Clement Henry Manuel, the proprietor of the Calcutta Printing and Publishing Press to print five hundred copies and the cost came to around Rs.300. It was published in April or May, 1861.
Unknown to the Lieutenant Governor, Long began sending out the copies in official Government envelopes that had the heading: ‘on her Majesty’s Service.’
The translation revealed the nature of the oppression against the indigo planters. It naturally offended the establishment of the play so much that a razing propaganda was started by the Anglo-Indian Press against the publisher and the translator.
One of the leading newspapers named The Englishmen and some indigo planters instituted a libel suit against Long and the printer- C. H. Manuel. The words mentioned in Long’s Introduction to the play stated that what was presented in it was ‘plain but true’. This was subsequently used by the planters in their prosecution of Long for publishing defamatory statements.
The planters filed for only nominal damages even as they had decided to prosecute Long for libel in a criminal suit.
Friday, 19 July, 1861 was fixed as the first date for the trial and it lasted from then to 24 July, at the Calcutta Supreme Court. It was regarded as the first of the ‘state trial of India under the Empire’. Mr. Peterson and Mr. Cowie were prosecuted. Mr. Eglinton and Mr. Newmarch appeared on behalf of the defendant. Sir Mordunt Wells presided as the Judge.
It is true that it becomes difficult to censor any literary work when it becomes so available in the public domain. That is why it became very urgent to find out the list of people who had the books after its printing. The issue of finding out the list was the concern for the first day of trial on 19 July, 1861. The list given in at the trial contained the number of copies that had been issued was said to be two hundred and two.
The agenda for the days of 20 to 24 July was to justify the two counts brought against James Long. The first count referred to a libel or the supposed libel against the two leading newspapers named the Englishman and Hurkaru published from the city of Kolkata. These two papers were alluded to in the preface of the play, Nil Durpan:
The Editors of two daily newspapers are filling their columns with your praises; and whatever other people may think, you never enjoy pleasure from it, since you know fully the reason of their so doing. What surprising power of attraction silver has! The detestable Judas gave the great preacher of the Christian religion, Jesus and others , into the hands of Odious Pilate for the sake of thirty rupees; what wonder then, if the proprietors of two newspapers, becoming enslaved by the hope of gaining one thousand rupees, throw the poor helpless of this land into the terrible grasp of your mouths.
Being aggrieved, Mr. Brett, the managing proprietor and formerly joint editor of the Englishman, brought a criminal prosecution against James Long. He claimed that the implied meanings of the allusions were defamatory because the extract symbolises, they wrote for reward from the indigo planters and not otherwise.
The second count which concerned the interests of the society at large was the alleged libel against that portion of the community called as the indigo planters of Lower Bengal.
Sir Mordunt Wells accused Long of slandering the European women in the Nil Durpan the question of shame was brought up through the episode of a woman riding on horseback with Magistrate of Zillah through the village)as well as injuring the reputation of every European in the country by calling Planter or Civilian or Soldier.The fictitious characters named Mr. Wood and Mr. Rose in the play represent the indigo planters. This also became a reason for attacking Long.
In terms of the first count, no libel was proved against Long. On the basis of the second count, Mr. Newmarch, differed from the Lordship and claimed that the class must be defined to whom the libel was intended to apply. Otherwise, there would not have any allegation in the indictment through which that class could feel themselves aggrieved by the libel. This argument suggests that the second count was nothing but an accusation against Long by the planters. So, as regards to the both counts, it was contented that no crime had been committed.
Yet, after the trial, Justice Wells along with the all White Jury brought a verdict of guilty against Long and his printer. Long was fined one thousand rupees and sentenced to one month’s imprisonment. Kali Prasanna Sinha, a Bengali intellectual paid Long’s fine but he had to undergo his term of punishment from July to August, 1861. The trial was conducted in the manner of expressive partisanship and partiality.
Bengali language
Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...
play written by Dinabandhu Mitra
Dinabandhu Mitra
Dinabandhu Mitra the Bengali dramatist, was born in 1830 at village Chouberia in Gopalnagar P.S., 24 Parganas and was the son of Kalachand Mitra. His given name was Gandharva Narayan, but he changed it to Dinabandhu Mitra.-Early life:Dinabandhu Mitra's education started at a village pathshala...
in 1858-1859. The play was essential to Nilbidraha, or Indigo revolt
Indigo revolt
The Indigo revolt was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters that arose in Bengal in 1859. The back stage of the revolt goes back half a century when the indigo plantation act was established...
of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields as a protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj
British Raj
British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...
. It was also essential to the development of theater in Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...
and influenced Girish Chandra Ghosh
Girish Chandra Ghosh
Girish Chandra Ghosh was a Bengali musician, poet, playwright, novelist, theatre director and actor. He was largely responsible for the golden age of Bengali theatre. He can be referred to as the Father of Bengali Theatre...
, who, in 1872, would establish The National Theatre in Calcutta (Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...
) where the first ever play commercially staged was Nildarpan.
Critical Summary
The play was taken by the people all over the world with a mixed bit of reaction. Mitra himself wrote in the preface of the English translation
"I PRESENT " The Indigo Planting Mirror " to the Indigo
Planters' hands ; now, let every one of them, having ob-
served his face, erase the freckle of the stain of selfishness
from his forehead, and, in its stead, place on it the sandal
powder of beneficence, then shall I think my labour success".
It was evident from this wish that its a piece meant to raise a voice among the elite intellectuals of Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...
so that the farmers revolt will be integrated with the urban
Urban area
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets.Urban areas are created and further...
thinkers. Unlike the Sepoy Revolt, Nilbidraha is effectively a revolt integrating the whole population of Bengalis with no distance kept between the several classes of society, which can be attributed to the effort by Mitra and Rev. James Long
James Long (Anglican priest)
James Long was an Anglo-Irish priest of the Anglican Church. A humanist, educator, evangelist, translator, essayist, philanthropist and a missionary to India, he resided in the city of Calcutta, India, from 1840 to 1872 as a member of the Church Mission Society, leading the mission at...
and Michael Madhusudan Dutt
Michael Madhusudan Dutt
Michael Madhusudan Dutt or Michael Madhusudan Dutta was a popular 19th century Bengali poet and dramatist. He was born in Sagardari , on the bank of Kopotaksho [কপোতাক্ষ] River, a village in Keshobpur Upozila, Jessore District, East Bengal . His father was Rajnarayan Dutt, an eminent lawyer, and...
.
Indian Literature
Indian literature
Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter. The Republic of India has 22 officially recognized languages....
has a long standing tradition of drama writing. Almost for a millennium the only form of literature other than odes
Odes
Odes may refer to:*The plural of ode, a type of poem*Odes , a collection of poems by the Roman author Horace, circa 65 - 8 BC*Odes of Solomon, a pseudepigraphic book of the Bible*Book of Odes , a Deuterocanonical book of the Bible...
was drama. The distinction of the genre
Genre
Genre , Greek: genos, γένος) is the term for any category of literature or other forms of art or culture, e.g. music, and in general, any type of discourse, whether written or spoken, audial or visual, based on some set of stylistic criteria. Genres are formed by conventions that change over time...
of Sanskrit Drama
Sanskrit drama
The earliest-surviving fragments of Sanskrit drama date from the 1st century CE. The Mahābhāṣya by Patañjali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of Sanskrit drama. This treatise on grammar from 140 BCE provides a feasible date for the beginnings of theatre in India.Its...
by the luminaries like Kalidasa
Kalidasa
Kālidāsa was a renowned Classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language...
were strong enough to keep the millions absorbed for centuries. But it was coming at a dwan by the mid 1800 in Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...
where the Bengal Renaissance
Bengal Renaissance
The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the region of Bengal in Undivided India during the period of British rule...
say the rise in western education and ideas, and therefore the styles of new forms of literature were seeping in. For example Ram Narayan Tarkaratna (1823–1885) had already left the Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
tradition and started writing about social realism.
The drama is markedly different from the earlier dramasof that period, notably the first modern drama written in Bengali by Ram Narayan stil had the old sadhu bhasa
Sadhu bhasa
Shadhu-Bhasha is a literary variation of Bengali language. It remained as a form only to be used in written form unlike the Cholito-bhasa or the colloquial form.-History:...
the artificial sanskritised dialect of modern Bengali as the writing medium.
The characters in the drama are the villagers and the indigo planters who got the money and the law in their hand.
The Characters(চরিত্রসমূহ)
GOLUK CHUNDER BASU. A rich man(গোলক চন্দ্র বসু, একজন সম্ভ্রান্ত লোক)NOBIN MADHAB, son of Goluk Chunder Basu(নবীন মধব, গোলক বসুর বড় ছেলে)
BINDU MADHAB, son of Goluk Chunder Basu (বিন্দু মাধব, গোলক বসুর ছোট ছেলে)
SADHU CHURN A neighbouring Ryot (সাধু চরণ, গোলকের প্রতিবেশি রাইয়ত)
RAY CHURN Sadhu'a brother. (সাধু চরণের ছোট ভাই)
Gopi Nath, The Dewan. (গোপীনাথ, নীলকরের দেওয়ান)
Torap, A heroic figure.(তোরাপ, একজন প্রতিবাদী চরিত্র)
Indiqo Planters. নীলকর
J. J. WOOD (জ়ে জ়ে ঊড, প্রধান নীলকর)
P. P. ROSE J (পি পি রোগ, উডের ছেলে)
THE AJVIIN OR LAND MEASURER. (জমির পরিমাপকারী)
AMIN KHALASI, a Tent-pitcher. (আমিন খালাসী, নীল সংগ্রাহক)
TAIDGIR Native Superintendent of Indigo Cultivation.
Magistrate, Amla, Attorney, Deputy Inspector, Pundit,
Keeper of the Gaol, Doctor, a Cow-keeper, a Native Doctor,
Four Boys, a Latyal or Club-man, and a Herdsman.
WOMEN (মহিলা চরিত্রসমূহ)
SABITRI Wife of Goluk Chunder. (সাবিত্রী, গোলক বসুর স্ত্রী)
SOIRINDRI Wife of Nobin. (সৌরিন্দ্রী, নবীন মাধবের স্ত্রী)
SARALOTA Wife of Bindu Madhab. (সরলতা, বিন্দু মাধবের স্ত্রী)
REBOTI Wife of Sadhu Churn. (রেবতী, সাধু চরণের স্ত্রী)
KHETROMANI Daughter of Sadhu+Reboti. (ক্ষেত্রমনি, সাধুচরণ+রেবতীর মেয়ে)
ADURI Maid-servant in Goluk Chunder's house. (আদুরি, গোলকের বাড়ির কাজের মেয়ে)
PODI MOYRANI A Sweetmeat Maker. (পদী ময়রানী, বিনোদনকারিনী)
Legacy
The legacy of black humor in the play is well shared by contemporary dramatists like Michael Madhusudan DuttMichael Madhusudan Dutt
Michael Madhusudan Dutt or Michael Madhusudan Dutta was a popular 19th century Bengali poet and dramatist. He was born in Sagardari , on the bank of Kopotaksho [কপোতাক্ষ] River, a village in Keshobpur Upozila, Jessore District, East Bengal . His father was Rajnarayan Dutt, an eminent lawyer, and...
and Girish Chandra Ghosh
Girish Chandra Ghosh
Girish Chandra Ghosh was a Bengali musician, poet, playwright, novelist, theatre director and actor. He was largely responsible for the golden age of Bengali theatre. He can be referred to as the Father of Bengali Theatre...
. It was also important in development of the chalit bhasa, or colloquial dialect, which is free of the Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
influenced Sadhu bhasa
Sadhu bhasa
Shadhu-Bhasha is a literary variation of Bengali language. It remained as a form only to be used in written form unlike the Cholito-bhasa or the colloquial form.-History:...
.
The trial of Nil Durpan
The proceedings of the trial of Reverend Mr. James Long first appeared in the second Edition (India) of the English version of the play, Nil Durpan (transcribed as Neel Darpan or Nil Darpan). It included all the relevant documents and comments of the Indian and British Newspapers. It was published in 1903 by Messers A. N. ANDINI and Co., Calcutta. Mr. Kumud Bihari Bose compiled it under the title: The Trial of the Rev. James Long and the of Drama Nil Durpan with ‘Indigo Planters and all about them’ as a sub title.The play, Nil Durpan, dealt with the upheaval between the Indigo planters and Indian Rioters in different parts of Bengal, Bihar and U.P. This conflict gave rise to the rift and division between the different classes of the society and between the different sections of the Government as well.
Background of the trial
James Long realised that the British mercantile community and even the Government unjustly and oppressively treated the Indigo cultivators. His view concurred with Dinabandhu Mitra who expressed his sentiments in a play entitled Nil Darpan (the original Bengali play was written by him) and published anonymously from Dhaka in 1860. Mitra sent Long a copy of the play as early as 1861. Long brought it to the notice of W. S Seton-Karr, Secretary to the Governor of Bengal and ex-President of the Indigo Commission. Seton-Karr, sensing its importance, mentioned Nil Durpan in conversation with the Lieutenant Governor, Grant.Grant expressed a wish to see a translation of it and print a few copies to be circulated privately amongst friends.After the discussion, Seton-Karr asked Long to arrange for a translation of the play in English. Michael Madhusudan Dutta translated it under the supervision of Long. Long as the editor cut out some coarse passages and wrote a short prefatory note for the play. When the translation was complete, Seton-Karr ordered printing of five hundred copies in lieu of Grant’s wish of a few copies. Then Long sent the translated manuscripts to Clement Henry Manuel, the proprietor of the Calcutta Printing and Publishing Press to print five hundred copies and the cost came to around Rs.300. It was published in April or May, 1861.
Unknown to the Lieutenant Governor, Long began sending out the copies in official Government envelopes that had the heading: ‘on her Majesty’s Service.’
The translation revealed the nature of the oppression against the indigo planters. It naturally offended the establishment of the play so much that a razing propaganda was started by the Anglo-Indian Press against the publisher and the translator.
One of the leading newspapers named The Englishmen and some indigo planters instituted a libel suit against Long and the printer- C. H. Manuel. The words mentioned in Long’s Introduction to the play stated that what was presented in it was ‘plain but true’. This was subsequently used by the planters in their prosecution of Long for publishing defamatory statements.
Proceedings of the trial
As soon as the planers noticed the circulation of the play, W. F. Fergusson, the Secretary of the Landholder’s and Commercial Association, wrote to the Governor of Bengal. He asked which parties had sanctioned the play and whether the authority of the Bengal Government had given permission to publish it. He also threatened those who had circulated ‘foul and malicious libel on indigo planting, evoking sedition and breaches of the peace’. He said that they must be prosecuted ‘with an utmost rigour of the law’. In reply to this, the Lieutenant Governor told that some officials had caused the offence. Planters unsatisfied with the answer decided to institute a legal proceeding with a view to ascertain the authors and publishers of the Nil Durpan. C. H. Manuel whose name was in the literary piece was indicted in the Supreme Court on 11 June 1861. He pleaded guilty. His Counsel (acting on Long’s advice) named Long as the one responsible as Long had given Manuel a copy of the play for publication.The planters filed for only nominal damages even as they had decided to prosecute Long for libel in a criminal suit.
Friday, 19 July, 1861 was fixed as the first date for the trial and it lasted from then to 24 July, at the Calcutta Supreme Court. It was regarded as the first of the ‘state trial of India under the Empire’. Mr. Peterson and Mr. Cowie were prosecuted. Mr. Eglinton and Mr. Newmarch appeared on behalf of the defendant. Sir Mordunt Wells presided as the Judge.
It is true that it becomes difficult to censor any literary work when it becomes so available in the public domain. That is why it became very urgent to find out the list of people who had the books after its printing. The issue of finding out the list was the concern for the first day of trial on 19 July, 1861. The list given in at the trial contained the number of copies that had been issued was said to be two hundred and two.
The agenda for the days of 20 to 24 July was to justify the two counts brought against James Long. The first count referred to a libel or the supposed libel against the two leading newspapers named the Englishman and Hurkaru published from the city of Kolkata. These two papers were alluded to in the preface of the play, Nil Durpan:
The Editors of two daily newspapers are filling their columns with your praises; and whatever other people may think, you never enjoy pleasure from it, since you know fully the reason of their so doing. What surprising power of attraction silver has! The detestable Judas gave the great preacher of the Christian religion, Jesus and others , into the hands of Odious Pilate for the sake of thirty rupees; what wonder then, if the proprietors of two newspapers, becoming enslaved by the hope of gaining one thousand rupees, throw the poor helpless of this land into the terrible grasp of your mouths.
Being aggrieved, Mr. Brett, the managing proprietor and formerly joint editor of the Englishman, brought a criminal prosecution against James Long. He claimed that the implied meanings of the allusions were defamatory because the extract symbolises, they wrote for reward from the indigo planters and not otherwise.
The second count which concerned the interests of the society at large was the alleged libel against that portion of the community called as the indigo planters of Lower Bengal.
Sir Mordunt Wells accused Long of slandering the European women in the Nil Durpan the question of shame was brought up through the episode of a woman riding on horseback with Magistrate of Zillah through the village)as well as injuring the reputation of every European in the country by calling Planter or Civilian or Soldier.The fictitious characters named Mr. Wood and Mr. Rose in the play represent the indigo planters. This also became a reason for attacking Long.
Judgement
With a view to informing the Europeans, Long provided the popular opinion on the indigo question. He mainly circulated the copies of the play among the men of influence and those associated with British Legislature who had always afforded sympathy and redress to the oppressed of whatever colour or community.In terms of the first count, no libel was proved against Long. On the basis of the second count, Mr. Newmarch, differed from the Lordship and claimed that the class must be defined to whom the libel was intended to apply. Otherwise, there would not have any allegation in the indictment through which that class could feel themselves aggrieved by the libel. This argument suggests that the second count was nothing but an accusation against Long by the planters. So, as regards to the both counts, it was contented that no crime had been committed.
Yet, after the trial, Justice Wells along with the all White Jury brought a verdict of guilty against Long and his printer. Long was fined one thousand rupees and sentenced to one month’s imprisonment. Kali Prasanna Sinha, a Bengali intellectual paid Long’s fine but he had to undergo his term of punishment from July to August, 1861. The trial was conducted in the manner of expressive partisanship and partiality.