The New Theatre Royal is a Victorian

Victorian era

The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence...

 theatre in the centre of Portsmouth

Portsmouth

Portsmouth is the second largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is notable for being the United Kingdom's only island city; it is located mainly on Portsea Island...

, Hampshire

Hampshire

Hampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force...

, United Kingdom. The building was constructed in 1854 as Landport Hall. It was converted to a theatre two years later. It was rebuilt in 1884 by Charles J. Phipps and again in 1900 by Frank Matcham

Frank Matcham

Frank Matcham was a famous English theatrical architect. He is buried in Highgate Cemetery.-Early career:...

. The theatre has been designated a Grade II* listed building by English Heritage

English Heritage

English Heritage . is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport...

.

Dickens and early theatre in Portsmouth

The present site was built to replace a theatre located in the High Street (now designated "old Portsmouth". The theatre features in Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens

Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English novelist, generally considered the greatest of the Victorian period. Dickens enjoyed a wider popularity and fame than had any previous author during his lifetime, and he remains popular, having been responsible for some of English literature's most iconic...

' novel Nicholas Nickleby. Dickens was born in Portsmouth and knew the city well so will have visited this venue. A popular music hall, it hosted performances by Niccolò Paganini

Niccolò Paganini

Niccolò Paganini was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer. He was one of the most celebrated violin virtuosi of his time, and left his mark as one of the pillars of modern violin technique...

 and Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age...

 before it was closed. It was demolished in 1856 with a number of other buildings to allow for the construction of a military establishment, the Cambridge Barracks. This building now houses Portsmouth Grammar School, a fee paying independent school. The three-arch entrance to the school occupies the location of the theatre. The archives of Portsmouth City contain a 1824 poster/playbill of a performance of The Merchant Of Venice starring Mr Keane a leading actor of the day and a painting of the exterior of the theatre by an unknown artist. This picture shows the theatre to have been a low building with no windows and a door with a Grecian portico typical of larger houses of the era.

Extract from 'Nicholas Nickleby'

"They groped their way through a dark passage, and, descending a step or two, threaded a little maze of canvas screens and paintpots, and emerged upon the stage of the Portsmouth Theatre.
'Here we are,' said Mr Crummles.
It was not very light, but Nicholas found himself close to the first entrance on the prompt side, among bare walls, dusty scenes, mildewed clouds, heavily daubed draperies, and dirty floors. He looked about him; ceiling, pit, boxes, gallery, orchestra, fittings, and decorations of every kind,--all looked coarse, cold, gloomy, and wretched.
'Is this a theatre?' whispered Smike, in amazement; 'I thought it was a blaze of light and finery.'
'Why, so it is,' replied Nicholas, hardly less surprised; 'but not by day, Smike--not by day.' "
“Nicholas Nickleby” Charles Dickens 1838-39

Henry Rutley and the Portsmouth Theatres Company

In the same year the old theatre was demolished, Mr Henry Rutley opened a new venue on the present site. Rutley (born Newcastle 1816) was an impresario and circus proprietor who had arrived in Portsmouth in 1854 and purchased the Swan Tavern in Commercial Road and the adjoining Landport Hall, a raquet court. He converted the hall to accommodate equestrian displays and applied to the magistrates for permission to construct a new theatre on the site. The magistrates, believing theatres places of ill-repute, granted a license for a limited period with the condition that there was no direct access from the tavern. A door to the hall, bricked in during building, was temporarily uncovered during renovation work in 2004. The Theatre Royal opened on 29 September 1856 with a production entitled 'A New Way to Pay Old Debts’. Rutley managed the venue with J W Broughton as his assistant and was highly successful. In a typical week the theatre would host two plays a night with matinees at the weekend. Rutley died of 'dropsy'in 1874. His grave can be seen in Highland Road Cemetery in Southsea. Broughton became manager of the theatre in 1876 and, after the death of Rutley's successor J C Hughes, took over control of the Portsmouth Theatres Company in 1882. Rutley's widow eventually sold the theatre to him.

C J Phipps

Broughton decided on a major rebuild demolishing and replacing the theatre with the present building which re-opened on 4 August 1884 with "Princess Ida". He engaged the most famous theatre architect of the day, C J Phipps, who had earlier built London’s Gaiety, Theatre Royal and Haymarket theatres among others. The new building had a four layer auditorium (stalls or pit, dress circle, upper circle and gods with eight stage-side boxes). The theatre reflected the rigid social distinctions of the day. The 6-door frontage led to the dress circle to accommodate the wealthy. Patrons in the other floors entered by single doors to the side of the main foyer. Seating capacity was under 1000 but there was space for standing patrons with refreshment bars on each level. The stage was 40ft deep with a 30ft proscenium, fly tower and traps.

Frank Matcham

The continued success of the theatre led Broughton to decide to enlarge the stage and he engaged Frank Matcham to renovate the building and build a 65ft stage in 1900. Matcham was arguably the greatest theatre architect in UK history. His buildings are loved by a variety of artistes as the ideal place to perform. He built over a hundred theatres across the country including the Tower Ballroom Blackpool, Sadlers Wells and the London Palladium, his gretaest success. A brilliant and innovative architect, despite being relatively untrained, Matcham perfected increasingly larger floors of seating without supporting pillars shaped to allow full view of the stage from all seats. He developed 'raked' stages (built at an incline toward the audience) to improve vision from the upper circle and gods and decorative moldings and shaped frontage to the floors that encouraged better acoustics. The Theatre Royal stage featured a "run-on" or "stage roller", a large treadmill that allowed horses and vehicles to move on stage. It was a feature of the annual pantomime and it is believed that two racing chariots appeared in a production of Ben-Hur.

Matcham enlarged the stage, rebuilt the dress and modified the upper circle and added a cast iron conservatory to the front of the building. Broughton's success led him to engage Matcham to build two more theatres in Portsmouth, the Prince's Theatre in Lake Road and Kings Theatre in Southsea. The Kings opened in 1907 and is still operating. The three theatres constituted the Portsmouth Theatres Company with a common repertory troupe.

Famous Performers

Most of the famous performers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries appeared at the Theatre Royal. Sir Henry Irving and his leading lady and mistress Helen Terry appeared many times both individually and together. Sarah Bernhardt performed there regularly including her legendary appearances in later life when confined to a wheelchair. She left her signature on the wall of the dressing rooms (it was retrieved after the fire in 1972). Marie Lloyd was also a regular. Laurel and Hardy appeared before fame in Hollywood and Oliver Hardy chose the theatre as a venue for his birthday party in 1954. Similarly Morecombe and Wise were among many twentieth century variety stars who appeared early in their career. Irving died on tour in a Bradford hotel in 1905 but his last complete set of performances was completed two weeks earlier at the Theatre Royal Portsmouth. Terry was appearing there the week he died. During some of performances his private secretary and theatre manager Abraham ('Bram') Stoker, author of his biography and the classic Gothic novel "Dracula", worked in the offices backstage.

Theatre Programming

At its height from the Victorian to pre-WW2 eras, theatres provided a dynamic programme of entertainment to the communities they served typically, boasting "two shows nightly" with weekend matinees. Like cinemas, the evening programme ran a major and supporting show. As the Victorian wealthy liked to dine late after a trip to the theatre, the main performance started at 7.30 and the support (shorter and usually less demanding such as a light drama or farce) opened afterwards. Audiences could pay to attend either or both performances. With three venues in Portsmouth from the 1900's to the second world war, the city had a stunning level of entertainment choice and provision.

Programming also provides an insight into the talent and workload of the acting profession. In most weeks, the performances would change with s many as three distinct programmes of shows. Posters from the 1860's show an actor taking the lead in Hamlet followed by the lead in a farce at the start of the week, and the lead role in different plays at the weekend, a formidable memory load.

Theatre Royal and New Theatre Royal

From Shakespeare's time onward, theatre was subject to control and censorship partially out of its moral reputation and partially through recognition of its influence as the worlds first form of mass communication. In the eighteenth century legislation insisted that drama could only be performed by theatres that had been granted a royal charter or license. This dispensation entitled them to be known as "Theatre Royal" and accounts for the fact that this is the most common name for C1th theatres across the UK. Either the original High Street theatre or the Rutley replacement were chartered.

There is no clear evidence of when or why people began to refer to the theatre as 'New'. From 1856 to 1976 the theatre was official the Theatre Royal. At some point the 'New' was informally added. Evidence from local newspapers held in the theatres archive at the Victoria and Albert Museum confirm that this was in use by the middle of the century and either began when Rutley's building replaced the one in the High Street or when the CJ Phipps building replaced Rutley's. The frontage of the theatre says both "Theatre Royal" and "New Theatre Royal" indicating that the name was in use by the time CJ Phipps was contracted to design the present building. Archived material indicates that each name was used on material such as programmes.

The name New Theatre Royal became official when the present trust was formed in 1976.

Decline

By the 1920's, radio and cinema led to the decline in attendances and, coupled with economic depression and war costs, theatres began to close or convert to film screening. These including the Prince's and Kings. The Theatre Royal was home to a repertory company, The Denville Players, until 1932 when it too had a projection room installed and became a cinema. Portsmouth was subject to extensive damage during the WW2 blitz. The neighbouring Guildhall was gutted by fire and the Prince's destroyed by a direct hit but the Royal escaped unharmed. It continued as a cinema until 1948 when it reverted to a variety theatre. According to local academic and musician David Allen, the theatre was the venue for the first live rock 'n' roll performance in the UK in 1954.

Additional competition from television continued to force closures across the country and the Theatre Royal was eventually forced to shut in 1955. It reopened in 1957 as a repertory theatre under local impresario Hector Ross but this was short lived and from 1960 it operated only as a bingo hall and a venue for wrestling. For a brief period a young Australian, Robert Stigwood, was Ross's assistant. In the 1960's Stigwood would become one of the leading impresario's in popular music.

In 1966 the owners of the theatre, Portsmouth Theatres Company, sought permission from the council to over-ride its 'listed' status and demolish it. The council agreed describing the theatre as “an eyesore in the centre of our fine city.” A pressure group was formed to oppose this leading to a council decision in which the proposal was beaten by only one vote!

The empty building began to attract vandals. In 1968 squatters occupied it and valuable brass fittings and roof lead were stolen. The continuing decay and damage led to the formation of the Theatre Royal Society which pressured to defend and preserve the building.

The Boyfriend

In 1971 the controversial director, Ken Russell chose the theatre as the location for a film version of the hit musical "The Boyfriend". The play written by Sandy Wilson had been a stage hit in the UK and USA. A love story set on the Riviera in the 1920's, it uses Shakespearean techniques of false identity and final revelation. Russell, who wanted to make a parody of the work of Busby Berkley, added a story twist by setting it amongst a run-down repertory company with the love story on stage mirrored in one off. He chose the ballet dancer Christopher Gable and the model Twiggy for the lead roles backed by an ensemble cast of experienced stage actors including Barbara Windsor, Brian Murphy, Murray Melvin, Georgina Hale and dancer Tommy Tune. Vladek Sheybal played a visiting impresario and there was a cameo role for Glenda Jackson (not listed in the credits). A young composer, Peter Maxwell Davis, adapted the score.

Russell (who would go on to produce a film version of The Who album "Tommy" in Portsmouth) shot entirely on location in the empty theatre and adjoining streets giving the film an eerie sense of period and reality. It was to be the Victorian theatre's last performance.

The Fire

The following year, 1972, children entered the theatre and lit fireworks setting the stage on fire. A member of the public alerted a patrolling policeman to the smoke but by the time the fire brigade arrived the rear of the theatre was ablaze. Early in the fire the ropes of the safety curtain burned through causing it to fall into place saving the auditorium. (Ironically, the curtain had been faulty and temperamental for many years and regularly refused to operate.) The stage, fly tower and the entire building behind the proscenium arch was destroyed.

Once again, demolition was proposed but the Theatre Royal Society was there to oppose the plan. Amongst those who campaigned to save the theatre was the actor Brian Murphy who had appeared in "The Boyfriend". Murphy was born on the Isle of Wight and spent his childhood in Portsmouth.

In 1975, volunteers were allowed back into the building to start the long process of repair and renovation and a trust was formally established to care for the theatre. The New Theatre Royal (Portsmouth) Limited was registered in 1976 with a subsidiary trading company, NTR Trading Limited, as regulations did not allow charities to retail. The Theatre Royal was finally officially the New Theatre Royal. Leading figures in the restoration and rebirth included local teacher John Offord and Jean Salisbury who was made a "Cultural Champion" by the Minister for Sport and Culture in 2010.

The theatre was gradually repaired, largely by volunteers, and slowly came back into operation. In 1984 a small temporary stage was built over the orchestra pit in front of the proscenium arch. Productions were largely restricted to amateur performances.

Hauntings

Theatre people are notoriously superstitious so it is unsurprising that theatres are expected to have a resident ghost.

After Henry Rutley died in 1874, his ghost was said to haunt the managers office.

The theatre today is said to be haunted by a 'dark lady' with some recent employees testifying to have seen her.

An interesting account is given in the Hampshire Police historical archive by the constable who was first on the scene of the 1972 fire. A security firm patrolled the damaged site owned by a friend of this policeman and offered to show him round. His guard dog was a particularly fierce Alsation which no other guard could handle. As they approached the audience right boxes the dog refused to move. Its handler explained that he had never been able to get the animal near these boxes although it had no fear of those on the other side. The box in question was the one held to be haunted by the theatre ghost.

http://hampshireconstabularyhistory.org.uk/

Memorabilia

Damage to the theatre extended beyond the fire in 1972. Thieves stole valuable brass fittings and other artifacts in the 60's. In the 70's thieves with a van stole auditorium doors which had been removed for renovation whilst volunteers worked in the theatre. In the early 70's artifacts, papers and records including a large collection of posters were moved from the managers office for safekeeping. (The offices and dressing rooms along with the Strand lighting unit were situated to the 'audience' left of the stage behind the White Swan and survived the fire. They were demolished in 1980.) These records were transferred too an empty shop nearby in Guildhall Walk. Two years later, the entire content of the shop were found to have disappeared. Neither the volunteers or the owner of the shop had authorised or knew of their removal. These items were never retrieved.

Sarah Bernhardt left her signature on the wall of the dressing room. This was retrieved after the fire and is now in the possession of the trust.

In the early 'noughties', builders renovating a house in Southsea found a number of posters from the Rutley theatre under floorboards. Most dated from the 1860's. They were sold to Langford Antiques in Albert Road Southsea where they were framed and sold. Several were purchased for the theatre trust.

Boyden Report and Onyx Funding

In 2003, faced with on-going financial stringency, the Board of Trustees commissioned the Boyden Report which advised a short closure and re-launch and the appointment of an experienced professional director. Shortly after this appointment, a local social enterprise (The Portsmouth and SE Hampshire Partnership) which had been entrusted with finding suitable projects for £1m from the Onyx environmental trust, added the NTR as a last minute addition to the shortlist. The theatre was awarded £440,000, the largest single grant given by the Onyx Trust. With additional funding, the Matcham cast iron portico was renovated, central heating and a new pit bar installed, and original vintage seating in the stalls which had previously been used on the set of Baz Luhrman's "Moulin Rouge". A larger stage was built in front of the proscenium. To accommodate this, the frontage of the lower boxes had to be removed. Investigation revealed that these were prefabricated and fitted using large bolts. They are currently stored beneath the stage awaiting eventual reinstatement. An external lighting rig was erected over the open stage.

The renovation led to a dynamic programme development endorsed by the trust board. Drama, stand up comedy, music and dance became features of each season whilst work with local schools and community groups was expanded. The trust developed links with the university of Portsmouth, a funder with the city council. The New Theatre Royal gained prominence on the cultural scene of the city. However, performances were still restricted by the lack of a proper stage and get-in and limited seating capacity. Inevitably, lack of operating finance became problematic again necessitating a period known as "NTR Lite" with less risky but less exciting programing.

Shortly after the recruitment of a new executive (artistic) director, the trust embarked upon the most challenging an exciting period since the remodeling by Matcham.

"Let's Make It Great"

The board of trustees appointed a sub-committee to investigate and advise on the options for capitalising on its vacant "back lot". The outcome was a plan to rebuild the stage and back stage accommodation in addition to teaching facilities for the university. In 2009, London-based architects Peynore and Prasad were contracted to design the building and a professional fundraiser was appointed to raise the estimated £4m cost to the trust. A fund raising programme "Let's Make It Great" began at the opening of 2010 with a weekend finishing with a gala performance MC'd by comedienne and broadcaster Sandi Toxvig and headlined by the actor Sheila Hancock, chancellor of the university. Broadcaster and musician Paul Jones and actor Christopher Timothy were among the cast list which included popular and classical music, comedy, opera and dance. At the end of the evening, Sheila Hancock accepted the invitation to become the patron of the theatre.

In May 2010, the theatre hosted the first screening in nearly three decades of "The Boyfriend" , an honour it shared in the same week with the Verona Film Festival. The screening was preceded by an interview with the director Ken Russell and cast members Twiggy, Brian Murphy, Georgina Hale and Murray Melvin and the score composer Sir Peter Maxwell Davis, now Master of the Queens Music. The interview was hosted by local television personality Sally Taylor. Following this event, Twiggy, Sir Peter and Brian Murphy agreed to join Sheila Hancock as patrons.

Back Lot Project

Following the launch of “Let’s Make It Great”, local project development company Strand Harbour Developments offered to support the project and sought additional sources of funding through an enlargement of the project. Development company Watkin Jones agreed to undertake the building programme to include student accommodation in addition to the theatre rebuild and university premises. The NTR will retain ownership of the premises with Watkin Jones and the University of Portsmouth as tenants. The theatre plans include a new stage, fly tower and orchestra pit, increased seating, a new bar, lifts, restored boxes, office accommodation, dressing rooms and rehearsal and creative learning space. The latter is to be named after the director Anthony Minghella whose family come from the Isle of Wight and who went to school in Portsmouth.

Planning application was made in August 2011.

An on-going programme of applications to funding bodies has secured grants (amongst others)from PUSH (Portsmouth and Urban South Hampshire), Heritage Lottery Fund and Garfield Weston. Support and funding continues from University of Portsmouth and Portsmouth City Council