New Cumnock
Encyclopedia
New Cumnock is a place in East Ayrshire
, Scotland
. It expanded during the coal mining era but, like so many others, suffered after the deep shaft pits closed in the 1980's. The town is 5.7 miles (9.2 km) south east of Cumnock
, and 21 miles (33.8 km) east of Ayr
.
on the Glasgow South Western Line
and the A76 Kilmarnock to Dumfries
trunk road.
took over the Knockshinnoch Bing, turning into a wetland reserve which has several scenic paths meandering through it.
placed William Wallace
in and around the village four times in his heroic tales of the patriot, calling it Cumno and Dunbars' castle, which sat on Castlehill in the midst of a vast loch, as "Black Bog Castle".
Both William Wallace and Robert Bruce were hunted within the Afton's glen, where Robert Burns' "Sweet Afton" still flows gently, until it merges into the River Nith. Wallace seems to have known the surrounding area very well indeed, in fact many believe he may have spent much of his youth there. There is even a Castle William "up the glen" said to have been used as a fortress by him.
The name of the settlement changed through time, referred to as Cumnock Castle on Timothy Pont
's map of Ayrshire c.1600.
In 1509, Cumnock was made a burgh of barony and a market began at Cumnock Kirk, 6 miles north-west of (New) Cumnock Castle. This is when things get a bit tricky. In 1659, a new kirk was built near (New) Cumnock Castle and became known as the New Kirk of Cumnock, now called the Auld Kirk of New Cumnock. Cumnock Kirk became known as Old Cumnock and is now known as Cumnock. All perfectly clear.
, like many other places throughout Scotland, has its origins in Blind Harry’s 15th century epic work “The Wallace”. Harry places Wallace in our parish on no fewer than four occasions that span the period from 1296 through to his betrayal in July, 1305 and his martyrdom in London on 23 August, 1305.
In 1296, William Wallace and his men were forced to turn back from New Cumnock because the road at Corsencon had been destroyed.
“At Corssencon the gait was spilt that tide” This was main route from Nithsdale to Ayrshire and passed by Corsencon hill in the east of the parish where since 1205 a toll and customs point had stood. Wallace’s detour took him to Avondale (Strathhaven) where he and his men defeated an English force at Loudon Hill.
In May of the following year Wallace slew the English sheriff of Lanark and soon after Blind Harry
places Wallace and his men at New Cumnock again.“To the Blak Crag in Cumno past agayne,His houshauld set with men of mekill mayne,Thre monethis thar he dwellyt in gud rest”
Wallace’s household at Blak Crag, is in the lands of Blackcraig in the upper reaches of the Afton Water. In September 1297 Wallace had joined forces with Sir Andrew Murray and defeated the English army at Stirling Bridge. In the spring and early summer of 1298, Wallace, now Sir William and Guardian of Scotland, spent time consolidating his position, and this may be the period of Harry’s ‘three months rest’, i.e. rest from warfare. It was also during this period that Wallace paid a visit to his Uncle Sir Ranald Craufurd in Ayr, before - “In Cumno syne till his duellyng went he”.
Defeat at the hands of Edward I at Falkirk in July, 1298 resulted in Wallace relinquishing his Guardianship of Scotland and as Edward I tightened his grip and control over the nobles of Scotland, Wallace had become no more than an unwanted rebel to many that once had considered him Scotland’s saviour.
It is with a mixed sense of pride and sorrow that the last place Blind Harry has Wallace at before his capture and betrayal at Glasgow in July, 1305 is at home in Blackraig, New Cumnock.
“And Wallace past in Cumno with blith will,At the Blak Rok, quhar he was wont to be,Apon that sted a ryall house held he”
In 1999, these words took on a new significance. The Wallace Seal was discovered and thereupon emblazoned was “William Wallace, son of Alan Wallace”, while within the Ragman Roll of 1296, we find “Alan Wallace, crown tenant in Ayrshire”. Clearly then the Wallace family were no vassals of the Stewarts and the tenuous links with William Wallace and the Stewart lands of Elderslie in Renfrewshire and those of Kyle Stewart in Ayrshire can be discounted. The crown lands in Ayrshire are found in King’s Kyle and it is here that Blackraig hill in the parish of New Cumnock dominates the landscape. Across the Afton Water stands the ruined cottage of Over Blackcraig in the shadow of a glorious rocky outcrop known as Castle William, for upon this sted Sir William Wallace held a ryall house, a crown property.
John Barbour in his epic work ‘The Bruce’ tells how the King of Scots then took refuge in Cumnock, where it was ‘straitast’, i.e. steepest, a reference to Blackcraig and Craigbraneoch hills in the upper reaches of Glen Afton, New Cumnock. Here he was joined by Sir James Douglas, who warned of the impending danger.Supplies had been sent to the English garrison of 30 men at arms and 100 infantry at Cumnock Castle, at the meeting place of the Afton Water and River Nith and Aymer de Vallence’s forces were to be joined by John of Lorn and his ‘aucht hunder men’.
Lorn, a nephew of John Comyn and a sworn enemy of Bruce, had brought with him a sleuth-hound which reputedly had belonged to the king, to help track down his former master. To no avail, for again Bruce and his ‘four hundred men’ evaded capture, this time ‘up in the strenthis’, i.e. the hills of New Cumnock. Local folk-lore suggests that Stayamera rock-face on Craigbraneoch hill overlooking Craigs farm was named as a taunt to the English commander Vallence, ‘Stay Amery’ i.e. stay, keep chasing the Bruce.
Edward I of England’s patience over his commander’s incompetence had run out. He raised a great army and headed north to put an end to Bruce once and for all. However, ill-health got the better of the ageing tyrant and he died on 7 July 1307, near Carlisle. His son, now Edward II, marched north through Nithsdale at the head of his father’s huge army and arrived at Cumnock Castle, on the 19 August 1307. Bruce continued to lie low in the hills of south-west Scotland and Edward II, one of the most powerful kings in Europe was left to hold court and carry on with the business of the day at Cumnock Castle for eight days in August. Intriguingly, one of the payments he made during that time was to a poor woman for bringing two dogs to him. Were these the hounds that failed to hunt Bruce down in Glen Afton? Edward II returned homeward to think again.
Evading capture Bruce and his men were able to break free from the south-west of Scotland and overcome his enemies within Scotland and seven years later Edward II returned homeward to think again after Bruce's victory at the Battle of Bannockburn, in June 1314.
and there is a memorial where the disaster occurred.
hills. These hills offer excellent possibilities for the outdoor enthusiast.
The local football club is Glenafton Athletic F.C.
. Former players include Ted McMinn
.
East Ayrshire
East Ayrshire is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders on to North Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, South Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway...
, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
. It expanded during the coal mining era but, like so many others, suffered after the deep shaft pits closed in the 1980's. The town is 5.7 miles (9.2 km) south east of Cumnock
Cumnock
Cumnock is a town in East Ayrshire, Scotland. The town sits at the confluence of the Glaisnock Water and the Lugar Water...
, and 21 miles (33.8 km) east of Ayr
Ayr
Ayr is a town and port situated on the Firth of Clyde in south-west Scotland. With a population of around 46,000, Ayr is the largest settlement in Ayrshire, of which it is the county town, and has held royal burgh status since 1205...
.
Transport
Public transport links include the New Cumnock railway stationNew Cumnock railway station
New Cumnock railway station is a railway station serving the town of New Cumnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland. The station is managed by First ScotRail and is on the Glasgow South Western Line south west of Glasgow Central.- History :...
on the Glasgow South Western Line
Glasgow South Western Line
The Glasgow South Western Line is a mainline railway in Scotland that runs from Glasgow to Kilmarnock, and then either via Dumfries, or Stranraer via Ayr, with a branch to East Kilbride.- History :...
and the A76 Kilmarnock to Dumfries
Dumfries
Dumfries is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland. It is near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth. Dumfries was the county town of the former county of Dumfriesshire. Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South...
trunk road.
Coal Mining
Opencast coal mining is now one of the main employers but people still remember the pits of old and monuments tell of the sacrifices made, such as the Knockshinnoch Disaster Memorial dedicated to the 13 souls who lost their lives; the brave miners who survived and the rescuers who risked their lives and limbs to save others. The Scottish Wildlife TrustScottish Wildlife Trust
The Scottish Wildlife Trust is a registered charity dedicated to conserving the wildlife and natural environment of Scotland.-Description:The Scottish Wildlife Trust has over 32,800 members...
took over the Knockshinnoch Bing, turning into a wetland reserve which has several scenic paths meandering through it.
History
One of the first mentions of the village was when Patrick Dunbar of Comenagh signed the Ragman Roll of 1296. Blind Harry's poem The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William WallaceThe Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace
The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace, also known as The Wallace, is a long "romantic biographical" poem by the fifteenth century Scottish makar of the name Blind Harry probably at some time in the decade before 1488...
placed William Wallace
William Wallace
Sir William Wallace was a Scottish knight and landowner who became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence....
in and around the village four times in his heroic tales of the patriot, calling it Cumno and Dunbars' castle, which sat on Castlehill in the midst of a vast loch, as "Black Bog Castle".
Both William Wallace and Robert Bruce were hunted within the Afton's glen, where Robert Burns' "Sweet Afton" still flows gently, until it merges into the River Nith. Wallace seems to have known the surrounding area very well indeed, in fact many believe he may have spent much of his youth there. There is even a Castle William "up the glen" said to have been used as a fortress by him.
The name of the settlement changed through time, referred to as Cumnock Castle on Timothy Pont
Timothy Pont
Timothy Pont was a Scottish topographer, the first to produce a detailed map of Scotland. Pont's maps are among the earliest surviving to show a European country in minute detail, from an actual survey.-Life:...
's map of Ayrshire c.1600.
In 1509, Cumnock was made a burgh of barony and a market began at Cumnock Kirk, 6 miles north-west of (New) Cumnock Castle. This is when things get a bit tricky. In 1659, a new kirk was built near (New) Cumnock Castle and became known as the New Kirk of Cumnock, now called the Auld Kirk of New Cumnock. Cumnock Kirk became known as Old Cumnock and is now known as Cumnock. All perfectly clear.
William Wallace
The parish of New Cumnock’s association with William WallaceWilliam Wallace
Sir William Wallace was a Scottish knight and landowner who became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence....
, like many other places throughout Scotland, has its origins in Blind Harry’s 15th century epic work “The Wallace”. Harry places Wallace in our parish on no fewer than four occasions that span the period from 1296 through to his betrayal in July, 1305 and his martyrdom in London on 23 August, 1305.
In 1296, William Wallace and his men were forced to turn back from New Cumnock because the road at Corsencon had been destroyed.
“At Corssencon the gait was spilt that tide” This was main route from Nithsdale to Ayrshire and passed by Corsencon hill in the east of the parish where since 1205 a toll and customs point had stood. Wallace’s detour took him to Avondale (Strathhaven) where he and his men defeated an English force at Loudon Hill.
In May of the following year Wallace slew the English sheriff of Lanark and soon after Blind Harry
Blind Harry
Blind Harry , also known as Harry, Hary or Henry the Minstrel, is renowned as the author of The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace, also known as The Wallace...
places Wallace and his men at New Cumnock again.“To the Blak Crag in Cumno past agayne,His houshauld set with men of mekill mayne,Thre monethis thar he dwellyt in gud rest”
Wallace’s household at Blak Crag, is in the lands of Blackcraig in the upper reaches of the Afton Water. In September 1297 Wallace had joined forces with Sir Andrew Murray and defeated the English army at Stirling Bridge. In the spring and early summer of 1298, Wallace, now Sir William and Guardian of Scotland, spent time consolidating his position, and this may be the period of Harry’s ‘three months rest’, i.e. rest from warfare. It was also during this period that Wallace paid a visit to his Uncle Sir Ranald Craufurd in Ayr, before - “In Cumno syne till his duellyng went he”.
Defeat at the hands of Edward I at Falkirk in July, 1298 resulted in Wallace relinquishing his Guardianship of Scotland and as Edward I tightened his grip and control over the nobles of Scotland, Wallace had become no more than an unwanted rebel to many that once had considered him Scotland’s saviour.
It is with a mixed sense of pride and sorrow that the last place Blind Harry has Wallace at before his capture and betrayal at Glasgow in July, 1305 is at home in Blackraig, New Cumnock.
“And Wallace past in Cumno with blith will,At the Blak Rok, quhar he was wont to be,Apon that sted a ryall house held he”
In 1999, these words took on a new significance. The Wallace Seal was discovered and thereupon emblazoned was “William Wallace, son of Alan Wallace”, while within the Ragman Roll of 1296, we find “Alan Wallace, crown tenant in Ayrshire”. Clearly then the Wallace family were no vassals of the Stewarts and the tenuous links with William Wallace and the Stewart lands of Elderslie in Renfrewshire and those of Kyle Stewart in Ayrshire can be discounted. The crown lands in Ayrshire are found in King’s Kyle and it is here that Blackraig hill in the parish of New Cumnock dominates the landscape. Across the Afton Water stands the ruined cottage of Over Blackcraig in the shadow of a glorious rocky outcrop known as Castle William, for upon this sted Sir William Wallace held a ryall house, a crown property.
Robert the Bruce
On 10 February 1306, Robert the Bruce killed John Comyn at Greyfriars Kirk, Dumfries. By May of that year Bruce was crowned King of Scots at Scone but early setbacks against English forces saw him seek refuge in the Western Isles and then in Ireland. In the spring of 1307 Bruce and his followers returned to the Scottish mainland and ambushed an English force under the command of Sir Aymer de Vallence at Glen Trool, Galloway. Worse was to follow for the beleaguered Vallence, when on 10 May 1307, he and his men were defeated by Bruce at Loudon Hill, Ayrshire.John Barbour in his epic work ‘The Bruce’ tells how the King of Scots then took refuge in Cumnock, where it was ‘straitast’, i.e. steepest, a reference to Blackcraig and Craigbraneoch hills in the upper reaches of Glen Afton, New Cumnock. Here he was joined by Sir James Douglas, who warned of the impending danger.Supplies had been sent to the English garrison of 30 men at arms and 100 infantry at Cumnock Castle, at the meeting place of the Afton Water and River Nith and Aymer de Vallence’s forces were to be joined by John of Lorn and his ‘aucht hunder men’.
Lorn, a nephew of John Comyn and a sworn enemy of Bruce, had brought with him a sleuth-hound which reputedly had belonged to the king, to help track down his former master. To no avail, for again Bruce and his ‘four hundred men’ evaded capture, this time ‘up in the strenthis’, i.e. the hills of New Cumnock. Local folk-lore suggests that Stayamera rock-face on Craigbraneoch hill overlooking Craigs farm was named as a taunt to the English commander Vallence, ‘Stay Amery’ i.e. stay, keep chasing the Bruce.
Edward I of England’s patience over his commander’s incompetence had run out. He raised a great army and headed north to put an end to Bruce once and for all. However, ill-health got the better of the ageing tyrant and he died on 7 July 1307, near Carlisle. His son, now Edward II, marched north through Nithsdale at the head of his father’s huge army and arrived at Cumnock Castle, on the 19 August 1307. Bruce continued to lie low in the hills of south-west Scotland and Edward II, one of the most powerful kings in Europe was left to hold court and carry on with the business of the day at Cumnock Castle for eight days in August. Intriguingly, one of the payments he made during that time was to a poor woman for bringing two dogs to him. Were these the hounds that failed to hunt Bruce down in Glen Afton? Edward II returned homeward to think again.
Evading capture Bruce and his men were able to break free from the south-west of Scotland and overcome his enemies within Scotland and seven years later Edward II returned homeward to think again after Bruce's victory at the Battle of Bannockburn, in June 1314.
Robert Burns
Burns was a frequent visitor to the town and made a few friends in the area. There are plaques (mainly donated by New Cumnock Burns Club)on several buildings in and around New Cumnock. Robert Burns frequently mentions Corsencon Hill, referring to it as Parnassus Hill - in Greek mythology, Parnassus Hill was where Apollo slew the giant serpent or Python.The Knockshinnoch Disaster
Thirteen people were killed in a mining disaster, a film was made about the disaster called The Brave Don't CryThe Brave Don't Cry
The Brave Don't Cry is a 1952 British drama film directed by Philip Leacock and starring John Gregson, Meg Buchanan and John Rae. The film depitcts the events of September 1950 at the Knockshinnoch Castle colliery in Scotland, where 129 men were trapped by a landslide...
and there is a memorial where the disaster occurred.
Sport
New Cumnock sits in close proximity to a range of interesting hills which lie to the south of the town, the CarsphairnCarsphairn and Scaur Hills
The Carsphairn and Scaur hills are the western and eastern hills respectively of a hill range in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Ordnance Survey maps don't have a general name for the hill area as a whole. Also, Ordnance Survey use "Scar" rather than the local spelling of "Scaur" - the word is...
hills. These hills offer excellent possibilities for the outdoor enthusiast.
The local football club is Glenafton Athletic F.C.
Glenafton Athletic F.C.
Glenafton Athletic are a Scottish football club, based in New Cumnock, Ayrshire. Formed in 1930, their history has been characterised by local success, with some national success too.-History:...
. Former players include Ted McMinn
Ted McMinn
Kevin Clifton "Ted" McMinn is a Scottish former association footballer who played as a winger. His nickname is The Tin Man.-Early years:...
.
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- The Stitchies